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  "chapter": {
    "num": 26,
    "slug": "28-chapter-xxiii",
    "title": "Shabbat — Chapter XXIII",
    "of": 30,
    "words": 602,
    "text": "## Chapter XXIII\n\n\n\n#### CHAPTER XXIII.\n\n§ 1. A man may borrow of his acquaintance jars of wine or of oil, provided he does not say to him, \"Lend [trust] me;\" likewise a woman [may borrow] bread from her friends [acquaintance]; if he refuses to trust him, he, [the borrower] may leave his *Taleth* [upper garment as a pledge] with the lender, and settle his account with him after Sabbath. Thus, likewise, in Jerusalem, if the eve of the passover falls on the Sabbath, a man leaves his *Taleth* with the vendor, takes his paschal lamb, and settles his account after the holy day,\n\n§ 2. A man may verbally count the number of his guests, and also of his additional dishes [*hors d’œuvres*], but he must not do it from a written list. He may let his children and household draw [cast] lots at table, [as to who is to have part of one dish, and who is to have part of another], provided he does not [with strangers] intentionally stake a larger portion against a smaller one, on account of ‏קוביא‎. 1\n\n\n[paragraph continues] They may put lots on the portions of sacrifices on the holy day, but not on the sacrifices of the preceding day.\n\n§ 3. He must not hire labourers on the Sabbath, nor may he commission another to hire them for him. He must not stand [waiting for] the dusk at techoom, 2 in order [as soon as the Sabbath goes out] to hire labourers [beyond the techoom], or to gather fruit [beyond it]; but he may await the nightfall at the techoom, in order to watch [fruit that is beyond it]; and, in that case, he may bring fruit back with him. Abbah Saul laid down the rule, \"Whatever I am permitted to prepare [for the coming day] on the Sabbath, I may get ready for at nightfall.\"\n\n§ 4. They may await the nightfall close to the techoom, to forward what is necessary for a bride, and also what is necessary for a corpse, to bring a coffin and shrouds for it. If a heathen has brought mourning pipes [instruments] on the Sabbath, an Israelite must not mourn [play] thereon, unless they be brought from the vicinity. If a coffin has been made, and a grave dug for him [a heathen], an Israelite may be buried therein, but if [it has been done] on purpose for an Israelite, he must not at all be buried therein.\n\n§ 5. They may do all that is needful to the corpse [on the Sabbath], anoint and wash it, provided they do not strain its limbs. 3 The pillow may be moved from under its head; it may be put on sand, that it keep the longer [from putrefaction]: its jaws may be tied, not to force them closer, but to prevent them dropping lower. In like manner a beam that has been broken [cracked] may be upheld [supported] by a stool or a bedstead, not that it may again become erect, but that it do not break more. They must not close the eyes of the dead on the Sabbath, nor [yet] on the week-day, while he is expiring. Whoever closes the eyes of a dying person the instant he expires, is as if he shed blood [like a murderer].\n\n#### Footnotes\n\n67:1 From the Greek κυβεια, dice. The prohibition is, lest the casting of lots degenerate into a game of hazard.\n\n68:2 The distance of 2000 amoth, which may be traversed on the Sabbath. (Vide Treatise Erubin.)\n\n68:3 Out of their natural position [out of joint].",
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