{ "meta": { "schema_version": "1.2", "endpoint": "/api/sources/patrologia/index.json" }, "work": { "slug": "patrologia", "name": "Patrologia (Church Fathers)", "stream": "greco-christian", "epoch_reflected": "greco-latin", "epoch_written": "greco-latin", "form": "patristic corpus", "tradition": "Patristic Christian", "author": "Various Church Fathers (apostolic, apologetic, patristic, Nicene, post-Nicene)", "year_approx": 400, "note": "Writings of the Greek and Latin Church Fathers from the 1st to the 9th centuries — apostolic fathers, apologists, Alexandrians, Cappadocians, Nicenes, Latins. Delegated to the *fathers* corpus.", "books_slug": null, "books_slugs": null, "has_project_translation": false, "steiner_loci": [] }, "parents": [], "translation": { "title": null, "author": null, "source": null }, "chapters": [ { "num": 1, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-peter-c-130", "title": "Apocalypse of Peter (c. 130) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 1230, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-peter-c-130/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-peter-c-130.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Apocalypse of Peter (c. 130) — apocryphal vision", "blurb": "Early 2nd-century apocryphal apocalypse. Christ shows Peter the postmortem states of the righteous and the damned — one of the earliest detailed Christian hell-visions, surviving in fragmentary Greek and a complete Ethiopic version. Influential on the *Apocalypse of Paul* and on later medieval visionary literature." }, { "num": 2, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--protoevangelium-of-james-c-150", "title": "Protoevangelium of James (c. 150) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 5501, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--protoevangelium-of-james-c-150/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--protoevangelium-of-james-c-150.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Protoevangelium of James (c. 150) — Mary's nativity narrative", "blurb": "Mid-2nd-century apocryphal *Birth-Gospel*. Narrative of Mary's miraculous conception by Anna and Joachim, her childhood in the Temple, her betrothal to the aged Joseph, and the birth of Jesus. The source of much later Marian iconography and the foundation of the eastern Marian cycle of feasts." }, { "num": 3, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-paul-and-thecla-c-180", "title": "Acts of Paul and Thecla (c. 180) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 5529, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-paul-and-thecla-c-180/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-paul-and-thecla-c-180.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Paul and Thecla (c. 180) — the disciple of Iconium", "blurb": "From the broader *Acts of Paul*. The remarkable narrative of Thecla of Iconium, convert and disciple of Paul, who escapes martyrdom by miracle, baptises herself, and is sent forth by Paul to preach. The most influential female-disciple narrative of the early Christian apocrypha." }, { "num": 4, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-peter-c-190", "title": "Gospel of Peter (c. 190) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 1668, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-peter-c-190/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-peter-c-190.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gospel of Peter (c. 190) — fragmentary passion-narrative", "blurb": "Late 2nd-century apocryphal gospel surviving only in a long fragment discovered at Akhmim in 1886. Independent passion-and-resurrection narrative with distinctive christological emphases (the crucified Christ feels no pain; the cross itself emerges from the tomb and answers a heavenly voice). Considered docetic by Bishop Serapion." }, { "num": 5, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--the-testaments-of-the-twelve-patriarchs-c-192", "title": "The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (c. 192) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 4855, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-testaments-of-the-twelve-patriarchs-c-192/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-testaments-of-the-twelve-patriarchs-c-192.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (Jewish-Christian)", "blurb": "Pseudepigraphic farewell-discourses of Jacob's twelve sons — each blessing his children with moral exhortation drawn from the patriarch's own life-experience. Originally Hellenistic-Jewish (2nd century BC); preserved in Christian recension with interpolated Christological prophecies." }, { "num": 6, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-peter-and-paul-c-200", "title": "Acts of Peter and Paul (c. 200) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 8771, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-peter-and-paul-c-200/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-peter-and-paul-c-200.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Peter and Paul — Roman martyrdoms", "blurb": "Composite text combining material on Peter and Paul's missions to Rome and their martyrdoms under Nero. The contest with Simon Magus in Rome; Peter's *Quo vadis?* and his crucifixion upside-down; Paul's beheading. Source of much later Roman-martyr iconography." }, { "num": 7, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-thomas-c-200", "title": "Gospel of Thomas (c. 200) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 6432, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-thomas-c-200/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-thomas-c-200.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gospel of Thomas — infancy narratives", "blurb": "Note: this is the *Infancy* Gospel of Thomas (not the Coptic sayings-gospel discovered at Nag Hammadi). Apocryphal narratives of Jesus's miraculous childhood from ages five to twelve — the clay birds brought to life, the rebuked playmate, the dyer's tubs. Influential on medieval iconography." }, { "num": 8, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-thomas-c-240", "title": "Acts of Thomas (c. 240) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 14016, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-thomas-c-240/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-thomas-c-240.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Thomas (c. 240) — Indian mission narrative", "blurb": "The apostle Thomas's mission to India — a major early-3rd-century Syriac apocryphal romance. Contains the famous *Hymn of the Pearl*, one of the masterpieces of Gnostic-Christian poetry: the prince sent into Egypt to retrieve the pearl from the serpent, forgetting his identity until the letter from home awakens him." }, { "num": 9, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-thaddaeus-c-250", "title": "Acts of Thaddaeus (c. 250) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 1284, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-thaddaeus-c-250/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-thaddaeus-c-250.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Thaddaeus — the Abgar legend", "blurb": "Apocryphal Acts narrating Thaddaeus's mission to King Abgar of Edessa. The legendary correspondence between Abgar and Jesus; the sending of the apostle to heal Abgar's leprosy and convert his kingdom. The foundation of Edessa's claim to apostolic Christian origin." }, { "num": 10, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-andrew-c-260", "title": "Acts of Andrew (c. 260) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 4806, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-andrew-c-260/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-andrew-c-260.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Andrew (c. 260) — Achaian martyrdom", "blurb": "Apocryphal acts of the apostle Andrew. His preaching in Achaia and martyrdom on the X-shaped cross at Patras under the proconsul Aegeates. The famous closing prayer to the cross; the source of the distinctive *St Andrew's cross* iconography." }, { "num": 11, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-xanthippe-and-polyxena-c-270", "title": "Acts of Xanthippe and Polyxena (c. 270) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 11585, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-xanthippe-and-polyxena-c-270/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-xanthippe-and-polyxena-c-270.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Xanthippe and Polyxena — female-disciple narratives", "blurb": "Late 3rd-century apocryphal narrative of two noble Roman women converted by Paul. Their adventures, their preserved chastity, their teaching ministry. One of the cycle of female-disciple narratives that complemented the male apostolic acts." }, { "num": 12, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-john", "title": "Acts of John — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 3783, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-john/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-john.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of John — Ephesian ministry and *miraculous-stasis* hymn", "blurb": "Apocryphal Acts of the apostle John. His ministry at Ephesus; the destruction of Artemis's temple; his peaceful death. Contains the famous *Hymn of Jesus* danced around in a circle by the disciples on the eve of the Crucifixion — one of the most extraordinary mystical-liturgical texts of early Christianity." }, { "num": 13, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-philip-c-350", "title": "Acts of Philip (c. 350) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 13269, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-philip-c-350/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-philip-c-350.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Philip (c. 350) — Phrygian mission", "blurb": "Apocryphal Acts of the apostle Philip. His mission to Phrygia; the cycle of female-companion narratives (Philip's sister Mariamne, others); his martyrdom by crucifixion upside-down at Hierapolis. Encratite tendencies throughout." }, { "num": 14, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-paul-c-380", "title": "Apocalypse of Paul (c. 380) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 14134, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-paul-c-380/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-paul-c-380.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Apocalypse of Paul (c. 380) — heaven and hell tour", "blurb": "Late 4th-century *Visio Pauli*. Paul carried to the third heaven (2 Cor 12:2-4) shown the dwellings of the saints and the torments of the damned. The most influential medieval Latin apocryphal apocalypse — direct source of Dante's hell-tour and of much medieval visionary literature." }, { "num": 15, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-nicodemus", "title": "Gospel of Nicodemus — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 97, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-nicodemus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-nicodemus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gospel of Nicodemus — *Acts of Pilate* + *Descensus*", "blurb": "Composite work of two parts. The *Acts of Pilate* — apocryphal court-records of Jesus's trial. The *Descensus ad Inferos* — Christ's descent into hell to release the righteous dead (Adam, the patriarchs, the prophets, John the Baptist). The foundation of the *Harrowing of Hell* theme in medieval art and drama." }, { "num": 16, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--the-doctrine-of-addai-c-400", "title": "The Doctrine of Addai (c. 400) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 7042, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-doctrine-of-addai-c-400/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-doctrine-of-addai-c-400.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Doctrine of Addai — Edessene foundation legend", "blurb": "The Syriac foundational text for the Christianity of Edessa. Addai (the apostle Thaddaeus) sent from Jerusalem by Thomas; his conversion of King Abgar; the establishment of the Edessene church. The classical narrative of Syriac-Christian apostolic origins." }, { "num": 17, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--assumption-of-mary-c-400", "title": "Assumption of Mary (c. 400) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 9940, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--assumption-of-mary-c-400/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--assumption-of-mary-c-400.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Assumption of Mary (c. 400) — *transitus* narratives", "blurb": "Apocryphal *transitus Mariae* — the bodily Assumption of the Virgin into heaven. Multiple Greek, Coptic, Syriac versions; gathered the apostles miraculously around her deathbed; Christ received her soul and her body was raised. Foundation-text of the Assumption doctrine in eastern and western traditions." }, { "num": 18, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--history-of-joseph-the-carpenter-c-400", "title": "History of Joseph the Carpenter (c. 400) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 6001, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--history-of-joseph-the-carpenter-c-400/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--history-of-joseph-the-carpenter-c-400.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "History of Joseph the Carpenter (c. 400)", "blurb": "Apocryphal narrative of the death of Joseph the Carpenter, told by Jesus to his disciples on the Mount of Olives. Composed in Coptic Egypt, ascribed to Jesus's own retrospective account. A patriarchal-mortality narrative supplementing the canonical silence on Joseph's later life." }, { "num": 19, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-pseudo-matthew-c-400", "title": "Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew (c. 400) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 13137, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-pseudo-matthew-c-400/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-pseudo-matthew-c-400.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew — Latin infancy compilation", "blurb": "Latin compilation drawing on the *Protoevangelium of James* and the *Infancy Gospel of Thomas*. The principal Western source for medieval Marian and infancy iconography — the ox and ass at the manger, the palm tree bending down to feed the Holy Family on the flight to Egypt." }, { "num": 20, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-barnabas-c-500", "title": "Acts of Barnabas (c. 500) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 2870, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-barnabas-c-500/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-barnabas-c-500.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Barnabas (c. 500) — Cyprus mission", "blurb": "Apocryphal Acts of Barnabas. The cousin of Mark, companion of Paul. His Cyprus mission and his martyrdom at Salamis. The foundation-narrative for the Cypriot Church's claim to apostolic foundation." }, { "num": 21, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-bartholomew-c-500", "title": "Acts of Bartholomew (c. 500) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 4440, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-bartholomew-c-500/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-bartholomew-c-500.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Bartholomew — Armenian and Indian mission", "blurb": "Apocryphal Acts of Bartholomew. His missionary work in India and Armenia; his martyrdom by flaying alive (the source of the gruesome iconography of him holding his own skin)." }, { "num": 22, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-and-martyrdom-of-st-matthew-the-apostle-c-550", "title": "Acts and Martyrdom of St. Matthew the Apostle (c. 550) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 5975, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-and-martyrdom-of-st-matthew-the-apostle-c-550/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-and-martyrdom-of-st-matthew-the-apostle-c-550.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts and Martyrdom of Matthew (c. 550)", "blurb": "Apocryphal narrative of the apostle and evangelist Matthew's mission and martyrdom. Multiple competing traditions for his mission-field (Ethiopia, Parthia, Persia); the late-apocryphal narrative summarised here." }, { "num": 23, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--arabic-gospel-of-the-infancy-of-the-saviour-c-600", "title": "Arabic Gospel of the Infancy of the Saviour (c. 600) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 10655, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--arabic-gospel-of-the-infancy-of-the-saviour-c-600/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--arabic-gospel-of-the-infancy-of-the-saviour-c-600.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Arabic Infancy Gospel (c. 600)", "blurb": "Late composite of infancy-narrative material in Arabic. Drawn from the earlier *Protoevangelium*, *Infancy Gospel of Thomas*, and indigenous Egyptian traditions. Extensive flight-into-Egypt narratives with healings performed by the infant Christ." }, { "num": 24, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--avenging-of-the-saviour-c-700", "title": "Avenging of the Saviour (c. 700) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 4132, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--avenging-of-the-saviour-c-700/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--avenging-of-the-saviour-c-700.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Avenging of the Saviour (c. 700)", "blurb": "Late apocryphal narrative of the destruction of Jerusalem by Vespasian and Titus, framed as the divinely-ordained punishment for the killing of Christ. Develops legendary material around Pilate, the imperial conversion narratives, and the Veronica relic." }, { "num": 25, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-john-unknown-date-late", "title": "Apocalypse of John (unknown date; late) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 3855, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-john-unknown-date-late/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-john-unknown-date-late.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Apocalypse of John (apocryphal) — eschatological visions", "blurb": "Late apocryphal apocalypse pseudonymously attributed to John. Eschatological visions, end-time tribulations, the resurrection and judgment. Distinct from the canonical *Revelation*; reflects later popular Byzantine eschatology." }, { "num": 26, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-moses-unknown-date", "title": "Apocalypse of Moses (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 5525, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-moses-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-moses-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Apocalypse of Moses — Life of Adam and Eve", "blurb": "Pseudepigraphic *Life of Adam and Eve* in its Greek (Apocalypse of Moses) form. Adam and Eve after the expulsion, their penitence, their deaths; Eve's testamentary narration of the temptation. Jewish work in Christian recension." }, { "num": 27, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-esdras-unknown-date", "title": "Apocalypse of Esdras (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 3394, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-esdras-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-esdras-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Apocalypse of Esdras — visionary lament", "blurb": "Christian apocalyptic recension of the Jewish *4 Ezra* tradition. Esdras's anguished questions to the angel about divine justice and the salvation of mankind. Bridges Jewish wisdom-laments and Christian eschatology." }, { "num": 28, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--testament-of-abraham-unknown-date", "title": "Testament of Abraham (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 6286, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--testament-of-abraham-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--testament-of-abraham-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Testament of Abraham — the patriarch's death", "blurb": "Pseudepigraphic narrative of Abraham's death and assumption. Michael is sent to retrieve his soul; Abraham resists; the journey through the heavens; the judgment at the gates. Influential source for the patriarch-assumption tradition." }, { "num": 29, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--narrative-of-zosimus-unknown-date", "title": "Narrative of Zosimus (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 4261, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--narrative-of-zosimus-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--narrative-of-zosimus-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Narrative of Zosimus — the Rechabite isle", "blurb": "Apocryphal narrative of the monk Zosimus's voyage to the *island of the Blessed Rechabites* — a paradisiacal community of the descendants of the Rechabites of Jeremiah 35, living in primordial purity. The Christian utopian-island tradition." }, { "num": 30, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-the-nativity-of-mary-unknown-date-late", "title": "Gospel of the Nativity of Mary (unknown date; late) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 3212, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-the-nativity-of-mary-unknown-date-late/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--gospel-of-the-nativity-of-mary-unknown-date-late.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gospel of the Nativity of Mary (late apocryphon)", "blurb": "Late apocryphal nativity-of-Mary narrative. Compilation drawing on earlier Marian apocrypha, organising the material around Mary's birth, presentation, and early life. Influential on medieval Latin Marian devotion." }, { "num": 31, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--narrative-of-joseph-of-arimathea-unknown-date-late", "title": "Narrative of Joseph of Arimathea (unknown date; late) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 2895, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--narrative-of-joseph-of-arimathea-unknown-date-late/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--narrative-of-joseph-of-arimathea-unknown-date-late.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Narrative of Joseph of Arimathea — the Grail-keeper", "blurb": "Late apocryphal narrative attributed to Joseph of Arimathea. The retrieval of Christ's body; the burial. The source-tradition for the much later medieval Grail-romances in which Joseph carries the Holy Vessel to Britain." }, { "num": 32, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--report-of-pontius-pilate-unknown-date-late", "title": "Report of Pontius Pilate (unknown date; late) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 2376, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--report-of-pontius-pilate-unknown-date-late/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--report-of-pontius-pilate-unknown-date-late.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Report of Pontius Pilate to Tiberius", "blurb": "Apocryphal letter of Pilate to the Emperor Tiberius reporting Christ's crucifixion. The first of a small cycle of Pilate-apocrypha asserting (improbably) Pilate's eventual sympathy for Christ and his attempts to inform Rome." }, { "num": 33, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--letter-of-pontius-pilate-unknown-date-late", "title": "Letter of Pontius Pilate (unknown date; late) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 313, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--letter-of-pontius-pilate-unknown-date-late/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--letter-of-pontius-pilate-unknown-date-late.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Letter of Pontius Pilate to Tiberius", "blurb": "Another text of the Pilate-correspondence cycle. The procurator's account of the events of the Crucifixion and the resurrection-reports." }, { "num": 34, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--giving-up-of-pontius-pilate-unknown-date-late", "title": "Giving Up of Pontius Pilate (unknown date; late) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 1160, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--giving-up-of-pontius-pilate-unknown-date-late/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--giving-up-of-pontius-pilate-unknown-date-late.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Giving Up of Pontius Pilate — Pilate's fall", "blurb": "Late apocryphal narrative of Pilate's downfall — recalled to Rome, condemned by Tiberius for the unjust execution of an innocent man, his eventual suicide." }, { "num": 35, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--death-of-pilate-unknown-date-late", "title": "Death of Pilate (unknown date; late) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 1231, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--death-of-pilate-unknown-date-late/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--death-of-pilate-unknown-date-late.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Death of Pilate", "blurb": "Final entry in the apocryphal Pilate-cycle. The various legends of Pilate's death — suicide, banishment, the body refusing burial. Late development of the Pilate-as-tragic-figure tradition." }, { "num": 36, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-the-virgin-unknown-date-very-late", "title": "Apocalypse of the Virgin (unknown date; very late) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 4547, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-the-virgin-unknown-date-very-late/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-the-virgin-unknown-date-very-late.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Apocalypse of the Virgin (very late) — Mary's tour of hell", "blurb": "Late Byzantine apocryphal apocalypse. The Virgin Mary, accompanied by the archangel Michael, tours the punishments of hell and intercedes successfully with Christ for a period of Easter respite for the damned. The eastern-Christian *Theotokos*-as-intercessor tradition in narrative form." }, { "num": 37, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-sedrach-unknown-date-very-late", "title": "Apocalypse of Sedrach (unknown date; very late) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 2961, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-sedrach-unknown-date-very-late/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apocalypse-of-sedrach-unknown-date-very-late.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Apocalypse of Sedrach — disputation with God", "blurb": "Late apocryphal apocalypse in dialogue form. Sedrach disputes with God on the salvation of sinners, the divine economy, and the workings of mercy. A late development of the *cosmic-court* lament tradition." }, { "num": 38, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-andrew-and-matthias", "title": "Acts of Andrew and Matthias — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 8569, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-andrew-and-matthias/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-andrew-and-matthias.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Andrew and Matthias — cannibal city", "blurb": "Apocryphal acts of Andrew rescuing Matthias from a city of cannibals. Christ guides Andrew's ship; the famous scene of bringing the salt-cellar and the statues to life. One of the most vivid late-apocryphal Andrew-narratives." }, { "num": 39, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-peter-and-andrew", "title": "Acts of Peter and Andrew — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 1870, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-peter-and-andrew/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-peter-and-andrew.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Peter and Andrew — companion apostles", "blurb": "Apocryphal narrative of Peter and Andrew's joint mission. Late text of the cycle developing pairs of apostles in shared mission-fields." }, { "num": 40, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--consummation-of-thomas-the-apostle", "title": "Consummation of Thomas the Apostle — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 1648, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--consummation-of-thomas-the-apostle/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--consummation-of-thomas-the-apostle.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Consummation of Thomas the Apostle", "blurb": "Closing apocryphal narrative of Thomas's martyrdom in India. Supplement to the longer *Acts of Thomas* cycle." }, { "num": 41, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--the-didache-c-100", "title": "The Didache (c. 100) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 3036, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-didache-c-100/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-didache-c-100.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Didache (c. 100) — *The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles*", "blurb": "The earliest surviving non-canonical Christian text — the *Teaching of the Twelve Apostles*. Two main parts: (1) the *Two Ways* (the Way of Life vs the Way of Death); (2) instructions on baptism, prayer, fasting, the Eucharist, the offices. The foundational church-order document." }, { "num": 42, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--apostolic-constitutions-c-400", "title": "Apostolic Constitutions (c. 400) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 95497, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apostolic-constitutions-c-400/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--apostolic-constitutions-c-400.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Apostolic Constitutions (c. 400)", "blurb": "Late-4th-century compilation of church-order material attributed to the apostles via Clement. Eight books on liturgy, church discipline, ordinations. Of high importance for the history of Christian worship — preserves the earliest detailed eucharistic liturgical texts." }, { "num": 43, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--the-legend-of-barlaam-and-josaphat", "title": "The Legend of Barlaam and Josaphat — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 4522, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-legend-of-barlaam-and-josaphat/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-legend-of-barlaam-and-josaphat.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Barlaam and Josaphat — Christianised Buddha legend", "blurb": "The remarkable medieval transmission of the life of the Buddha into Christian hagiography. Josaphat (from Sanskrit *bodhisattva* via Arabic *bûdhâsf*) is an Indian prince converted to Christianity by the monk Barlaam. The narrative travelled from Indian Buddhist sources through Manichaean Persian, Arabic, Georgian, Greek into Latin and the European vernaculars." }, { "num": 44, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--the-passion-of-the-scillitan-martyrs-c-180", "title": "The Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs (c. 180) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 678, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-passion-of-the-scillitan-martyrs-c-180/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-passion-of-the-scillitan-martyrs-c-180.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs (180)", "blurb": "The earliest dated Latin Christian document — the trial-record of twelve Christians of Scilli (in North Africa) before the proconsul Saturninus at Carthage in 180. Their refusal to swear by the genius of the emperor; their condemnation and beheading. The foundational Latin martyrology." }, { "num": 45, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--a-treatise-against-the-heretic-novatian-c-255", "title": "A Treatise Against the Heretic Novatian (c. 255) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 6136, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--a-treatise-against-the-heretic-novatian-c-255/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--a-treatise-against-the-heretic-novatian-c-255.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Treatise Against Novatian (c. 255)", "blurb": "Anonymous mid-3rd-century treatise against the rigorist schismatic Novatian. Argues for the church's authority to receive back the *lapsi* (those who had renounced under persecution) after suitable penance — against Novatian's stricter refusal of any reconciliation." }, { "num": 46, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--a-treatise-on-re-baptism-c-255", "title": "A Treatise on Re-Baptism (c. 255) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 10415, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--a-treatise-on-re-baptism-c-255/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--a-treatise-on-re-baptism-c-255.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Treatise on Re-baptism (c. 255)", "blurb": "Anonymous treatise on the rebaptism controversy of the mid-3rd century. Sides with the Roman position (Stephen) against Cyprian: baptism by heretics is valid and need not be repeated when the convert joins the Catholic church." }, { "num": 47, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--remains-of-the-second-and-third-centuries-various-dates", "title": "Remains of the Second and Third Centuries (various dates) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 208, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--remains-of-the-second-and-third-centuries-various-dates/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--remains-of-the-second-and-third-centuries-various-dates.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Remains of the 2nd-3rd centuries (miscellaneous fragments)", "blurb": "Editorial gathering of fragmentary 2nd-3rd century Christian writings — quotations preserved in later authors, papyrus fragments, scattered short pieces — that did not fit the main author-collections." }, { "num": 48, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-sharbil-unknown-date", "title": "Acts of Sharbil (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 8699, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-sharbil-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--acts-of-sharbil-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Acts of Sharbil — Edessene martyr", "blurb": "Syriac apocryphal acts of Sharbil — the pagan high priest of Edessa converted by Barsamya the bishop and martyred under Trajan. Part of the Edessene martyr-cycle." }, { "num": 49, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--the-martyrdom-of-barsamya-unknown-date", "title": "The Martyrdom of Barsamya (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 3482, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-martyrdom-of-barsamya-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-martyrdom-of-barsamya-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Martyrdom of Barsamya — Edessene bishop", "blurb": "Syriac martyr-acts of Barsamya, bishop of Edessa, who converted Sharbil. Companion-text to the *Acts of Sharbil*." }, { "num": 50, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--extracts-from-various-books-concerning-abgar-the-king-and-addaeu", "title": "Extracts from Various Books Concerning Abgar the King and Addaeus the Apostle (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 1540, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--extracts-from-various-books-concerning-abgar-the-king-and-addaeu/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--extracts-from-various-books-concerning-abgar-the-king-and-addaeu.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Extracts on Abgar and Addaeus", "blurb": "Editorial extracts from various Syriac and Greek sources on King Abgar of Edessa and Addaeus (Thaddaeus) — the foundation-narrative of Edessene Christianity." }, { "num": 51, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--the-teaching-of-the-apostles-unknown-date", "title": "The Teaching of the Apostles (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 3535, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-teaching-of-the-apostles-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-teaching-of-the-apostles-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Teaching of the Apostles (Syriac)", "blurb": "Syriac church-order document analogous to (but distinct from) the *Didache*. Apostolic instructions on baptism, eucharist, and church discipline preserved in the East-Syrian tradition." }, { "num": 52, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--the-teaching-of-simon-cephas-in-the-city-of-rome-unknown-date", "title": "The Teaching of Simon Cephas in the City of Rome (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 2199, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-teaching-of-simon-cephas-in-the-city-of-rome-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-teaching-of-simon-cephas-in-the-city-of-rome-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Teaching of Simon Cephas in Rome", "blurb": "Apocryphal Syriac narrative of Peter's preaching ministry at Rome. Part of the late-Syriac apostolic-foundation cycle." }, { "num": 53, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--martyrdom-of-habib-the-deacon-unknown-date", "title": "Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 5216, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--martyrdom-of-habib-the-deacon-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--martyrdom-of-habib-the-deacon-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon — Edessene martyr", "blurb": "Syriac martyr-acts of Habib the Deacon of Edessa under Licinius. One of the trio of Edessene confessors (Habib, Guria, Shamuna) commemorated together in the eastern calendar." }, { "num": 54, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--martyrdom-of-the-holy-confessors-shamuna-guria-and-habib-unknown", "title": "Martyrdom of the Holy Confessors Shamuna, Guria, and Habib (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 5229, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--martyrdom-of-the-holy-confessors-shamuna-guria-and-habib-unknown/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--martyrdom-of-the-holy-confessors-shamuna-guria-and-habib-unknown.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Martyrdom of Shamuna, Guria, and Habib", "blurb": "Joint Syriac martyrdom-narrative of the three Edessene confessors. Read together in the eastern lectionary; the foundational Edessene confessor-cult." }, { "num": 55, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--a-letter-of-mara-son-of-serapion-unknown-date", "title": "A Letter of Mara, Son of Serapion (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 3271, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--a-letter-of-mara-son-of-serapion-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--a-letter-of-mara-son-of-serapion-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Letter of Mara bar Serapion — early non-Christian reference to Christ", "blurb": "Syriac letter from Mara bar Serapion (likely 1st-3rd century) to his son from imprisonment. Notable for containing one of the earliest non-Christian references to Jesus — *the wise king of the Jews* killed by his people." }, { "num": 56, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--ambrose-unknown-date", "title": "Ambrose (unknown date) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 2411, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--ambrose-unknown-date/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--ambrose-unknown-date.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — Syriac apocryphal companion", "blurb": "Syriac apocryphal companion-text — a brief disciple-narrative. (Distinct from St Ambrose of Milan; named after a minor disciple-figure in the early Syriac transmission.)" }, { "num": 57, "slug": "apocrypha-patristic--the-false-decretals-c-850", "title": "The False Decretals (c. 850) — Apocrypha (Patristic-era)", "words": 25007, "url": "/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-false-decretals-c-850/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/apocrypha-patristic--the-false-decretals-c-850.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "False Decretals (c. 850) — the *Pseudo-Isidorian* forgeries", "blurb": "9th-century western forgeries — papal decretals and conciliar canons fabricated to strengthen episcopal claims against metropolitan authority. The most influential forgery-corpus in medieval ecclesiastical law; its falsity was definitively established only in the Renaissance." }, { "num": 58, "slug": "arnobius--against-the-heathen", "title": "Against the Heathen — Arnobius of Sicca", "words": 103826, "url": "/sources/patrologia/arnobius--against-the-heathen/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/arnobius--against-the-heathen.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Arnobius — *Adversus Nationes*", "blurb": "Arnobius of Sicca's seven-book apologetic *Against the Heathen* (c. 300). Late convert from rhetoric, writing under Diocletian. Vigorous polemic against pagan religion; defends Christianity not so much by positive doctrine as by relentless critique of pagan philosophy and ritual." }, { "num": 59, "slug": "athenagoras--a-plea-for-the-christians", "title": "A Plea for the Christians — Athenagoras of Athens", "words": 16364, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athenagoras--a-plea-for-the-christians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athenagoras--a-plea-for-the-christians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athenagoras — *Plea for the Christians* (c. 177)", "blurb": "Athenagoras of Athens's apologetic *Plea* (Legatio pro Christianis) addressed to Marcus Aurelius and Commodus c. 177. Refutes the three standard charges against Christians: atheism, cannibalism, incest. The most philosophically sophisticated of the 2nd-century Greek apologies." }, { "num": 60, "slug": "athenagoras--the-resurrection-of-the-dead", "title": "The Resurrection of the Dead — Athenagoras of Athens", "words": 12818, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athenagoras--the-resurrection-of-the-dead/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athenagoras--the-resurrection-of-the-dead.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athenagoras — *On the Resurrection of the Dead*", "blurb": "Athenagoras's companion treatise to the *Plea*. Philosophical defense of the resurrection of the body against pagan objections. Arguments from divine power, divine wisdom, and the unity of the human composite." }, { "num": 61, "slug": "bardesanes--the-book-of-the-laws-of-various-countries", "title": "The Book of the Laws of Various Countries — Bardaisan (Bardesanes)", "words": 10245, "url": "/sources/patrologia/bardesanes--the-book-of-the-laws-of-various-countries/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/bardesanes--the-book-of-the-laws-of-various-countries.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bardaisan — *Book of the Laws of Various Countries*", "blurb": "Bardaisan of Edessa (154-222), Syriac Christian philosopher. Dialogue refuting astrological determinism by appeal to the diversity of laws and customs across nations — peoples in identical astrological circumstances follow opposite customs, hence character is not astrologically fixed." }, { "num": 62, "slug": "caius--fragments", "title": "Fragments — Caius (Gaius of Rome)", "words": 2206, "url": "/sources/patrologia/caius--fragments/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/caius--fragments.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Caius of Rome — surviving fragments", "blurb": "Caius (Gaius) of Rome (early 3rd century) — Roman presbyter. Only fragments survive, preserved in Eusebius and Photius. Notable for his disputation with the Montanist Proclus, recorded by Eusebius." }, { "num": 63, "slug": "commodianus--writings", "title": "Writings — Commodianus", "words": 14655, "url": "/sources/patrologia/commodianus--writings/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/commodianus--writings.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Commodianus — Latin Christian poet", "blurb": "Commodianus (3rd century, North African or Syrian) — the earliest extant Latin Christian poet. *Instructiones* (acrostic poems on Christian themes) and *Carmen Apologeticum* (Christian-Jewish polemic). Crude Latin but historically important." }, { "num": 64, "slug": "councils--carthage-under-cyprian-257", "title": "Carthage under Cyprian (257) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 478, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--carthage-under-cyprian-257/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--carthage-under-cyprian-257.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Carthage under Cyprian (257)", "blurb": "Cyprian's council on the rebaptism controversy. Eighty-seven African bishops vote unanimously (with Cyprian) for the rebaptism of those baptised by heretics — against Pope Stephen's contrary Roman position." }, { "num": 65, "slug": "councils--ancyra-314", "title": "Ancyra (314) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 3688, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--ancyra-314/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--ancyra-314.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Ancyra (314) — early canonical legislation", "blurb": "Council of Ancyra (Ankara) in 314. Twenty-five canons on the reconciliation of the *lapsi* after the Great Persecution, on ordination, on marriage and irregularities. Foundational document of eastern canonical law." }, { "num": 66, "slug": "councils--neocaesarea-315", "title": "Neocaesarea (315) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 1383, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--neocaesarea-315/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--neocaesarea-315.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Neocaesarea (c. 315)", "blurb": "Council of Neocaesarea c. 315. Fifteen canons on ordination, marriage, baptism, and discipline. Sometimes considered the earliest source for the limit of twelve deacons per city." }, { "num": 67, "slug": "councils--nicaea-i-325", "title": "Nicaea I (325) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 3474, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--nicaea-i-325/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--nicaea-i-325.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "First Council of Nicaea (325) — *homoousios*", "blurb": "The First Ecumenical Council. Condemned Arianism; produced the Creed of Nicaea (foundation of the Nicene Creed) with the decisive *homoousios* — Christ *of one substance* with the Father. The 20 canons on discipline and Easter-dating. The foundational doctrinal council of Christian history." }, { "num": 68, "slug": "councils--antioch-in-encaeniis-341", "title": "Antioch in Encaeniis (341) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 5511, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--antioch-in-encaeniis-341/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--antioch-in-encaeniis-341.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Antioch *in encaeniis* (341)", "blurb": "Council of Antioch in 341, *in encaeniis* (at the dedication of the new church). Twenty-five canons on episcopal discipline and church order. Issued the *Dedication Creed* (anti-Sabellian but moderately Arianising)." }, { "num": 69, "slug": "councils--gangra-343", "title": "Gangra (343) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 3544, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--gangra-343/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--gangra-343.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Gangra (c. 343)", "blurb": "Council of Gangra in Paphlagonia, c. 343. Twenty canons against the extreme ascetic Eustathians, who despised marriage, ordinary worship, and possession of property. Defines the church's moderate-ascetic mainstream." }, { "num": 70, "slug": "councils--sardica-344", "title": "Sardica (344) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 9399, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--sardica-344/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--sardica-344.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Sardica (344) — pro-Athanasian", "blurb": "Council of Sardica (Sofia) in 344. Western bishops support Athanasius against the eastern Arianising majority. Issues canons (variously numbered) protecting episcopal jurisdiction and the right of appeal to Rome." }, { "num": 71, "slug": "councils--constantinople-i-381", "title": "Constantinople I (381) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 1171, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-i-381/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-i-381.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "First Council of Constantinople (381)", "blurb": "The Second Ecumenical Council. Confirmed Nicaea against the late Arians and the Pneumatomachi (deniers of the Holy Spirit's full divinity). Produced the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed — the *Nicene Creed* in its surviving form." }, { "num": 72, "slug": "councils--constantinople-382", "title": "Constantinople (382) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 1665, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-382/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-382.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Constantinople (382) — local synod", "blurb": "Local synod of Constantinople in 382, the year after the Ecumenical Council. Wrote the *Tomus* to the Westerners explaining the eastern position on Trinity and Incarnation. Important documentary witness." }, { "num": 73, "slug": "councils--laodicea-390", "title": "Laodicea (390) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 5877, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--laodicea-390/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--laodicea-390.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Laodicea (c. 363-390)", "blurb": "Council of Laodicea in Phrygia, late 4th century. Sixty canons on liturgical discipline, the catechumenate, ecclesiastical organisation. Lists the canonical books of Scripture (with notable variations from the eventual Greek canon)." }, { "num": 74, "slug": "councils--constantinople-under-nectarius-394", "title": "Constantinople under Nectarius (394) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 636, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-under-nectarius-394/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-under-nectarius-394.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Constantinople under Nectarius (394)", "blurb": "Local synod under Patriarch Nectarius in 394. Addressed jurisdictional disputes among eastern sees. Important for the developing canonical authority of Constantinople." }, { "num": 75, "slug": "councils--carthage-419", "title": "Carthage (419) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 27265, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--carthage-419/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--carthage-419.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Carthage (419)", "blurb": "African council of 419 under Aurelius and Augustine. Confirmed and codified the *Codex Canonum Ecclesiae Africanae* — 138 canons summarising African conciliar legislation from Hippo (393) onward. Foundational document of African canonical tradition." }, { "num": 76, "slug": "councils--ephesus-431", "title": "Ephesus (431) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 15714, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--ephesus-431/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--ephesus-431.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Ephesus (431) — *Theotokos*", "blurb": "The Third Ecumenical Council. Condemned Nestorius; affirmed the title *Theotokos* (God-bearer) for the Virgin Mary against the Nestorian *Christotokos*. The hypostatic-union doctrine in its first conciliar formulation." }, { "num": 77, "slug": "councils--chalcedon-451", "title": "Chalcedon (451) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 19427, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--chalcedon-451/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--chalcedon-451.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council of Chalcedon (451) — *two natures*", "blurb": "The Fourth Ecumenical Council. The Chalcedonian Definition: Christ acknowledged in *two natures, without confusion, without change, without division, without separation*. The high-water mark of imperial-orthodox dogmatic synthesis; foundational for both eastern and western Christology." }, { "num": 78, "slug": "councils--constantinople-ii-553", "title": "Constantinople II (553) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 12638, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-ii-553/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-ii-553.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Second Council of Constantinople (553)", "blurb": "The Fifth Ecumenical Council under Justinian. Condemned the *Three Chapters* (Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrus, Ibas of Edessa) as Nestorian. Refined Chalcedonian Christology with explicit reference to the *hypostatic union*." }, { "num": 79, "slug": "councils--constantinople-iii-680", "title": "Constantinople III (680) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 16343, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-iii-680/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-iii-680.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)", "blurb": "The Sixth Ecumenical Council. Condemned Monothelitism — affirmed that Christ has *two wills*, divine and human, corresponding to his two natures. Reception of Maximus Confessor's dyotheletism as orthodoxy." }, { "num": 80, "slug": "councils--constantinople-trullo-quinisext-692", "title": "Constantinople/\"Trullo\"/Quinisext (692) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 14311, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-trullo-quinisext-692/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--constantinople-trullo-quinisext-692.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Council *in Trullo* / Quinisext (692)", "blurb": "The Quinisext Council in 692, called *in Trullo* from the domed hall where it met. Issued 102 disciplinary canons supplementing the doctrinal definitions of Constantinople II and III. Rejected by Rome but received in the East as foundational." }, { "num": 81, "slug": "councils--nicaea-ii-787", "title": "Nicaea II (787) — Councils (Ecumenical + Local)", "words": 21965, "url": "/sources/patrologia/councils--nicaea-ii-787/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/councils--nicaea-ii-787.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Second Council of Nicaea (787) — icons", "blurb": "The Seventh and last Ecumenical Council. Restored the veneration of icons against Iconoclasm. Defined the distinction between *latria* (worship of God alone) and *proskynesis* (veneration, due also to icons of saints and Christ). The closing council of antiquity for both East and West." }, { "num": 82, "slug": "eusebius--church-history", "title": "Church History — Eusebius of Caesarea", "words": 136542, "url": "/sources/patrologia/eusebius--church-history/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/eusebius--church-history.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Eusebius — *Church History* (Historia Ecclesiastica)", "blurb": "The foundational work of Christian historiography. Ten books chronicling the church from the apostles to Constantine's victory. Preserves vast material from earlier sources now lost (Hegesippus, Papias, Africanus). The indispensable source for early Christian history." }, { "num": 83, "slug": "eusebius--life-of-constantine", "title": "Life of Constantine — Eusebius of Caesarea", "words": 52643, "url": "/sources/patrologia/eusebius--life-of-constantine/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/eusebius--life-of-constantine.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Eusebius — *Life of Constantine*", "blurb": "Eusebius's panegyric-historical *Life of Constantine* (Vita Constantini). The vision of the cross and *In hoc signo vinces*; the convocation of Nicaea; the building of the Holy Sepulchre. The foundational text of Constantine's Christian self-image." }, { "num": 84, "slug": "eusebius--oration-of-constantine-to-the-assembly-of-the-saints", "title": "Oration of Constantine \"to the Assembly of the Saints\" — Eusebius of Caesarea", "words": 14045, "url": "/sources/patrologia/eusebius--oration-of-constantine-to-the-assembly-of-the-saints/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/eusebius--oration-of-constantine-to-the-assembly-of-the-saints.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Constantine — *Oration to the Assembly of the Saints*", "blurb": "Oration attributed to Constantine, transmitted by Eusebius. The Emperor's theological speech on creation, providence, the divine Logos, and the testimony of the Sibylline oracles to Christ. Of disputed authenticity but transmitted in the Eusebian corpus." }, { "num": 85, "slug": "eusebius--oration-in-praise-of-constantine", "title": "Oration in Praise of Constantine — Eusebius of Caesarea", "words": 25159, "url": "/sources/patrologia/eusebius--oration-in-praise-of-constantine/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/eusebius--oration-in-praise-of-constantine.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Eusebius — *Oration in Praise of Constantine*", "blurb": "Eusebius's panegyric of Constantine, delivered for the thirtieth anniversary of his accession (335). The *political theology* of the Christian empire — emperor as image of the divine Logos, ruling the *one church under one God under one emperor*." }, { "num": 86, "slug": "eusebius--letter-on-the-council-of-nicaea", "title": "Letter on the Council of Nicaea — Eusebius of Caesarea", "words": 1588, "url": "/sources/patrologia/eusebius--letter-on-the-council-of-nicaea/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/eusebius--letter-on-the-council-of-nicaea.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Eusebius — letter on the Council of Nicaea", "blurb": "Eusebius's letter to his Caesarean church explaining his subscription to the Nicene Creed. The diplomatic-doctrinal interpretation of *homoousios* by which Eusebius reconciled himself to the decisive Nicene term." }, { "num": 87, "slug": "gennadius-mars--illustrious-men-supplement-to-jerome", "title": "Illustrious Men (Supplement to Jerome) — Gennadius of Marseilles", "words": 11463, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gennadius-mars--illustrious-men-supplement-to-jerome/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gennadius-mars--illustrious-men-supplement-to-jerome.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gennadius of Marseilles — *De viris illustribus* (continuation)", "blurb": "Gennadius of Marseilles's continuation (c. 480) of Jerome's *De viris illustribus*. Catalogue of Christian authors from where Jerome left off (393) through the late 5th century. Important bio-bibliographical source for the period." }, { "num": 88, "slug": "hermas--the-pastor-or-the-shepherd", "title": "The Pastor (or \"The Shepherd\") — Hermas (Shepherd of)", "words": 38145, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hermas--the-pastor-or-the-shepherd/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hermas--the-pastor-or-the-shepherd.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "*The Shepherd* of Hermas (early 2nd c.)", "blurb": "Early-2nd-century apocalypse-cum-allegorical-treatise. Hermas, a freedman of Rome, receives visions from the *Shepherd* (an angel of repentance). Three parts: Visions, Mandates (twelve commandments), Similitudes. Hugely popular in the early church; nearly canonical for several Fathers." }, { "num": 89, "slug": "julius-africanus--extant-writings", "title": "Extant Writings — Julius Africanus", "words": 8550, "url": "/sources/patrologia/julius-africanus--extant-writings/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/julius-africanus--extant-writings.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Julius Africanus — extant writings", "blurb": "Sextus Julius Africanus (c. 160-240) — Christian historian. Surviving fragments of his *Chronographies* (five-book universal chronicle from Creation to AD 221) and his correspondence with Origen (the famous letters on the Susanna narrative and on the divergent genealogies of Christ)." }, { "num": 90, "slug": "lactantius--the-divine-institutes", "title": "The Divine Institutes — Lactantius", "words": 189580, "url": "/sources/patrologia/lactantius--the-divine-institutes/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/lactantius--the-divine-institutes.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Lactantius — *Divine Institutes*", "blurb": "Lactantius's seven-book systematic apologetic. The Christian alternative to Cicero's *De Natura Deorum*. False religion, divine wisdom, divine justice, true worship, justice, true wisdom, the happy life. The most extensive Latin Christian systematic work before Augustine." }, { "num": 91, "slug": "lactantius--the-epitome-of-the-divine-institutes", "title": "The Epitome of the Divine Institutes — Lactantius", "words": 27808, "url": "/sources/patrologia/lactantius--the-epitome-of-the-divine-institutes/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/lactantius--the-epitome-of-the-divine-institutes.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Lactantius — *Epitome* of the Divine Institutes", "blurb": "Lactantius's own abridgement of the *Divine Institutes*. Useful summary; circulated independently in the medieval West." }, { "num": 92, "slug": "lactantius--on-the-anger-of-god", "title": "On the Anger of God — Lactantius", "words": 19174, "url": "/sources/patrologia/lactantius--on-the-anger-of-god/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/lactantius--on-the-anger-of-god.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Lactantius — *De Ira Dei*", "blurb": "Lactantius's treatise defending the doctrine of divine *ira* against the Stoic-Epicurean denial. God's anger as a true emotional state of opposition to evil, complementary to his love rather than contrary to it." }, { "num": 93, "slug": "lactantius--on-the-workmanship-of-god", "title": "On the Workmanship of God — Lactantius", "words": 17165, "url": "/sources/patrologia/lactantius--on-the-workmanship-of-god/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/lactantius--on-the-workmanship-of-god.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Lactantius — *De Opificio Dei*", "blurb": "Lactantius's treatise on the workmanship of God in creating man — an exposition of the human body and soul as evidence of providential design. Predates more elaborate later patristic anthropologies (Nemesius, Gregory of Nyssa)." }, { "num": 94, "slug": "lactantius--of-the-manner-in-which-the-persecutors-died", "title": "Of the Manner In Which the Persecutors Died — Lactantius", "words": 18761, "url": "/sources/patrologia/lactantius--of-the-manner-in-which-the-persecutors-died/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/lactantius--of-the-manner-in-which-the-persecutors-died.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Lactantius — *De Mortibus Persecutorum*", "blurb": "Lactantius's *On the Deaths of the Persecutors*. Surveys the bad ends of the emperors who persecuted Christians from Nero through Diocletian and Galerius. Polemical historiography; an important contemporary source for the Great Persecution." }, { "num": 95, "slug": "lactantius--fragments-of-lactantius", "title": "Fragments of Lactantius — Lactantius", "words": 475, "url": "/sources/patrologia/lactantius--fragments-of-lactantius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/lactantius--fragments-of-lactantius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Lactantius — surviving fragments", "blurb": "Surviving fragmentary works and quotations of Lactantius preserved in later authors." }, { "num": 96, "slug": "lactantius--the-phoenix", "title": "The Phoenix — Lactantius", "words": 1778, "url": "/sources/patrologia/lactantius--the-phoenix/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/lactantius--the-phoenix.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Lactantius — *De Ave Phoenice*", "blurb": "Lactantius's poem on the Phoenix — the legendary bird that periodically dies and rises from its own ashes. Read by Christian tradition as a figure of the resurrection. Influential through medieval bestiaries." }, { "num": 97, "slug": "lactantius--a-poem-on-the-passion-of-the-lord", "title": "A Poem on the Passion of the Lord — Lactantius", "words": 898, "url": "/sources/patrologia/lactantius--a-poem-on-the-passion-of-the-lord/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/lactantius--a-poem-on-the-passion-of-the-lord.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Lactantius — *Carmen de Passione Domini*", "blurb": "Poem on the Passion of the Lord, traditionally attributed to Lactantius (the attribution disputed). Devotional verse-narrative of the suffering of Christ." }, { "num": 98, "slug": "liturgies--the-liturgy-of-james", "title": "The Liturgy of James — Liturgies (Ancient)", "words": 10460, "url": "/sources/patrologia/liturgies--the-liturgy-of-james/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/liturgies--the-liturgy-of-james.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Liturgy of St James — ancient Jerusalem rite", "blurb": "The ancient Jerusalem eucharistic liturgy attributed to St James the brother of the Lord. The principal ancestor of all Antiochene-tradition liturgies (Byzantine, Syrian Orthodox, Maronite, Coptic via mediated transmission). Still occasionally celebrated in the Greek Orthodox Church on St James's feast." }, { "num": 99, "slug": "liturgies--the-liturgy-of-mark", "title": "The Liturgy of Mark — Liturgies (Ancient)", "words": 7339, "url": "/sources/patrologia/liturgies--the-liturgy-of-mark/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/liturgies--the-liturgy-of-mark.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Liturgy of St Mark — Alexandrian rite", "blurb": "The ancient Alexandrian eucharistic liturgy attributed to St Mark. Foundational liturgy of the Coptic and Ethiopian Orthodox traditions. Preserves distinctive Alexandrian theological features (intercessions before consecration, particular epiclesis-structure)." }, { "num": 100, "slug": "liturgies--the-liturgy-of-the-blessed-apostles", "title": "The Liturgy of the Blessed Apostles — Liturgies (Ancient)", "words": 5755, "url": "/sources/patrologia/liturgies--the-liturgy-of-the-blessed-apostles/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/liturgies--the-liturgy-of-the-blessed-apostles.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Liturgy of the Blessed Apostles (East Syriac)", "blurb": "The *Liturgy of Addai and Mari* — the principal East Syriac eucharistic liturgy. Among the oldest continuously-used eucharistic prayers in Christendom; uniquely lacking the explicit Words of Institution. Foundational liturgy of the Church of the East." }, { "num": 101, "slug": "mathetes--epistle-to-diognetus", "title": "Epistle to Diognetus — Mathetes (Epistle to Diognetus)", "words": 4263, "url": "/sources/patrologia/mathetes--epistle-to-diognetus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/mathetes--epistle-to-diognetus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "*Epistle to Diognetus* (Mathetes)", "blurb": "Anonymous mid-2nd-century apologetic letter from one *Mathetes* (Disciple) to the pagan Diognetus. Distinguished for its eloquent description of Christians as residents in but not of the world (*the soul of the world*) — one of the most-cited brief Christian apologetic statements." }, { "num": 102, "slug": "minucius-felix--octavius", "title": "Octavius — Minucius Felix", "words": 20112, "url": "/sources/patrologia/minucius-felix--octavius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/minucius-felix--octavius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Minucius Felix — *Octavius* (Latin apologetic dialogue)", "blurb": "Minucius Felix's *Octavius* — the earliest Latin Christian dialogue, c. 200. Three Romans on the seashore at Ostia. The pagan Caecilius and the Christian Octavius dispute; Minucius judges. Ciceronian style; uses philosophical arguments rather than appeal to Scripture. Foundation-text of Latin Christian apologetic." }, { "num": 103, "slug": "minucius-felix--history-of-armenia", "title": "History of Armenia — Minucius Felix", "words": 4481, "url": "/sources/patrologia/minucius-felix--history-of-armenia/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/minucius-felix--history-of-armenia.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Minucius Felix — *History of Armenia* (misattribution)", "blurb": "Misattributed work in the corpus. The actual *History of Armenia* is by a different author entirely; the title appears here through editorial error of transmission." }, { "num": 104, "slug": "novatianus--treatise-concerning-the-trinity", "title": "Treatise Concerning the Trinity — Novatian", "words": 31600, "url": "/sources/patrologia/novatianus--treatise-concerning-the-trinity/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/novatianus--treatise-concerning-the-trinity.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Novatian — *De Trinitate*", "blurb": "Novatian's *De Trinitate* (c. 250). The earliest extant Latin systematic treatment of the Trinity. Composed before Novatian's schism; remained influential after under varying attributions (often to Tertullian or to Hilary)." }, { "num": 105, "slug": "novatianus--on-the-jewish-meats", "title": "On the Jewish Meats — Novatian", "words": 4339, "url": "/sources/patrologia/novatianus--on-the-jewish-meats/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/novatianus--on-the-jewish-meats.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Novatian — *De Cibis Judaicis*", "blurb": "Novatian's treatise *On the Jewish Meats*. Explains why Christians no longer observe the Mosaic dietary laws — the meats were symbols of moral conditions; Christ has fulfilled and abolished the literal observance while preserving the moral teaching." }, { "num": 106, "slug": "origenes--de-principiis", "title": "De Principiis — Origen of Alexandria", "words": 88005, "url": "/sources/patrologia/origenes--de-principiis/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/origenes--de-principiis.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Origen — *De Principiis* (On First Principles)", "blurb": "Origen's systematic theological masterpiece (*Peri Archōn*, c. 220-230). The first comprehensive systematic theology in Christian history. God, the divine Word, the Holy Spirit, the fall and restoration of intelligent beings, free will, the resurrection, the consummation. Foundation of the entire Origenist theological tradition." }, { "num": 107, "slug": "origenes--africanus-to-origen", "title": "Africanus to Origen — Origen of Alexandria", "words": 569, "url": "/sources/patrologia/origenes--africanus-to-origen/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/origenes--africanus-to-origen.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Africanus's letter to Origen — Susanna question", "blurb": "Julius Africanus's letter to Origen questioning the canonical authenticity of the Susanna narrative (Daniel 13 in the Greek). Argues from internal Hebrew vs Greek evidence." }, { "num": 108, "slug": "origenes--origen-to-africanus", "title": "Origen to Africanus — Origen of Alexandria", "words": 6521, "url": "/sources/patrologia/origenes--origen-to-africanus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/origenes--origen-to-africanus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Origen's reply to Africanus — defense of Susanna", "blurb": "Origen's reply defending the Greek text against Africanus's textual objection. Important early discussion of canonical criteria and the relation of the Hebrew and Greek bibles." }, { "num": 109, "slug": "origenes--origen-to-gregory", "title": "Origen to Gregory — Origen of Alexandria", "words": 1122, "url": "/sources/patrologia/origenes--origen-to-gregory/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/origenes--origen-to-gregory.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Origen to Gregory Thaumaturgus — letter on philosophy", "blurb": "Origen's famous letter to his pupil Gregory (Thaumaturgus) advising him on the relation of pagan philosophy to Christian truth. *Take the spoils of the Egyptians* — use philosophy as the Israelites used Egyptian gold." }, { "num": 110, "slug": "origenes--against-celsus", "title": "Against Celsus — Origen of Alexandria", "words": 240453, "url": "/sources/patrologia/origenes--against-celsus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/origenes--against-celsus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Origen — *Contra Celsum*", "blurb": "Origen's eight-book *Contra Celsum* (c. 248) — the great Christian apologetic, refuting Celsus's pagan *True Word*. Preserves nearly the whole of Celsus's lost work through quotation. The summit of early Christian apologetic literature." }, { "num": 111, "slug": "origenes--letter-of-origen-to-gregory", "title": "Letter of Origen to Gregory — Origen of Alexandria", "words": 1432, "url": "/sources/patrologia/origenes--letter-of-origen-to-gregory/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/origenes--letter-of-origen-to-gregory.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Letter of Origen to Gregory (duplicate entry)", "blurb": "Duplicate entry for Origen's letter to Gregory; preserved from the source-compilation." }, { "num": 112, "slug": "origenes--commentary-on-the-gospel-of-john", "title": "Commentary on the Gospel of John — Origen of Alexandria", "words": 99286, "url": "/sources/patrologia/origenes--commentary-on-the-gospel-of-john/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/origenes--commentary-on-the-gospel-of-john.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Origen — *Commentary on John*", "blurb": "Origen's massive *Commentary on the Gospel of John* — the longest single Christian commentary of antiquity. Surviving books cover only parts of the gospel. The model of allegorical-spiritual exegesis that shaped all subsequent Christian commentary." }, { "num": 113, "slug": "origenes--commentary-on-the-gospel-of-matthew", "title": "Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew — Origen of Alexandria", "words": 87862, "url": "/sources/patrologia/origenes--commentary-on-the-gospel-of-matthew/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/origenes--commentary-on-the-gospel-of-matthew.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Origen — *Commentary on Matthew*", "blurb": "Origen's *Commentary on Matthew*. Partly surviving in Greek (books 10-17) and partly in Latin (the *Vetus Interpretatio*). Foundational allegorical-spiritual reading of the first gospel." }, { "num": 114, "slug": "origenes--exposition-on-the-acts-of-the-apostles", "title": "Exposition on the Acts of the Apostles — Origen of Alexandria", "words": 2068, "url": "/sources/patrologia/origenes--exposition-on-the-acts-of-the-apostles/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/origenes--exposition-on-the-acts-of-the-apostles.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Origen — *Homilies on Acts*", "blurb": "Origen's surviving exposition / homilies on Acts. Fragments and Latin translation in the *Catena*." }, { "num": 115, "slug": "origenes--fragments", "title": "Fragments — Origen of Alexandria", "words": 1937, "url": "/sources/patrologia/origenes--fragments/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/origenes--fragments.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Origen — miscellaneous fragments", "blurb": "Editorial gathering of Origen's surviving fragments — commentary excerpts, sermons, scholia preserved through later catenas and quotations." }, { "num": 116, "slug": "pseudo-dionysius--de-caelesti-hierarchia", "title": "Heavenly Hierarchy — Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite", "words": 14878, "url": "/sources/patrologia/pseudo-dionysius--de-caelesti-hierarchia/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/pseudo-dionysius--de-caelesti-hierarchia.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Dionysius — *Celestial Hierarchy*", "blurb": "The treatise on the celestial hierarchy — nine angelic orders in three triads. The Pseudo-Dionysian corpus (c. 500) shaped all subsequent Christian angelology. See also the dedicated /sources/dionysius-areopagite/ section of the library." }, { "num": 117, "slug": "pseudo-dionysius--de-divinis-nominibus", "title": "On the Divine Names — Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite", "words": 31116, "url": "/sources/patrologia/pseudo-dionysius--de-divinis-nominibus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/pseudo-dionysius--de-divinis-nominibus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Dionysius — *On the Divine Names*", "blurb": "The treatise on the divine names — God as Good, Light, Beauty, Love, Being, Life, Wisdom. The most influential systematic Christian-Neoplatonist theology. See the dedicated /sources/dionysius-areopagite/divine-names/ section." }, { "num": 118, "slug": "pseudo-dionysius--de-ecclesiastica-hierarchia", "title": "Ecclesiastical Hierarchy — Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite", "words": 21718, "url": "/sources/patrologia/pseudo-dionysius--de-ecclesiastica-hierarchia/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/pseudo-dionysius--de-ecclesiastica-hierarchia.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Dionysius — *Ecclesiastical Hierarchy*", "blurb": "The treatise on the ecclesiastical hierarchy — the sacraments and the threefold ordained ministry as the earthly imitation of the celestial. See /sources/dionysius-areopagite/ecclesiastical-hierarchy/." }, { "num": 119, "slug": "pseudo-dionysius--de-mystica-theologia", "title": "Mystic Theology — Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite", "words": 1706, "url": "/sources/patrologia/pseudo-dionysius--de-mystica-theologia/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/pseudo-dionysius--de-mystica-theologia.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Dionysius — *Mystical Theology*", "blurb": "The foundation-text of Western apophatic mysticism. Moses entering the divine darkness on Sinai; the negation of all affirmations and all negations. See /sources/dionysius-areopagite/mystical-theology/." }, { "num": 120, "slug": "pseudo-dionysius--epistolae", "title": "Letters — Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite", "words": 10753, "url": "/sources/patrologia/pseudo-dionysius--epistolae/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/pseudo-dionysius--epistolae.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Dionysius — Letters", "blurb": "The eleven Letters of the Dionysian corpus. The *divine darkness as super-light*; the *new God-manly operation* of Christ; the famous eclipse at Heliopolis. See /sources/dionysius-areopagite/letters/." }, { "num": 121, "slug": "rufinus--apology", "title": "Apology — Rufinus of Aquileia", "words": 2113, "url": "/sources/patrologia/rufinus--apology/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/rufinus--apology.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Rufinus — *Apology* (against Jerome)", "blurb": "Rufinus of Aquileia's *Apology* defending himself against Jerome's accusations of Origenism. The decisive break between the two former friends; Rufinus's principled defense of his Origen-translations." }, { "num": 122, "slug": "rufinus--commentary-on-the-apostles-creed", "title": "Commentary on the Apostles' Creed — Rufinus of Aquileia", "words": 18927, "url": "/sources/patrologia/rufinus--commentary-on-the-apostles-creed/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/rufinus--commentary-on-the-apostles-creed.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Rufinus — *Commentary on the Apostles' Creed*", "blurb": "Rufinus's exposition of the Apostles' Creed. Important early witness to the Western baptismal creed's text and theology." }, { "num": 123, "slug": "rufinus--prefaces-and-other-works", "title": "Prefaces and Other Works — Rufinus of Aquileia", "words": 15074, "url": "/sources/patrologia/rufinus--prefaces-and-other-works/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/rufinus--prefaces-and-other-works.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Rufinus — prefaces and minor works", "blurb": "Rufinus's collected prefaces to his many translations (chiefly of Origen) together with other minor works. The prefaces are themselves of theological-historical interest, recording the translator's editorial decisions." }, { "num": 124, "slug": "socrates-schol--ecclesiastical-history", "title": "Ecclesiastical History — Socrates Scholasticus", "words": 134546, "url": "/sources/patrologia/socrates-schol--ecclesiastical-history/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/socrates-schol--ecclesiastical-history.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Socrates Scholasticus — *Church History*", "blurb": "Socrates Scholasticus's *Church History* (c. 440). Continues Eusebius from 305 to 439. Important source for the 4th-century Arian controversies and the 5th-century Christological developments." }, { "num": 125, "slug": "sozomen--ecclesiastical-history", "title": "Ecclesiastical History — Sozomen", "words": 156521, "url": "/sources/patrologia/sozomen--ecclesiastical-history/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/sozomen--ecclesiastical-history.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sozomen — *Church History*", "blurb": "Sozomen's *Church History* (c. 440-50). Parallel and partly-overlapping account to Socrates's. Particular attention to monasticism and the conversion of the Germanic peoples." }, { "num": 126, "slug": "ambrosius--on-the-christian-faith-de-fide", "title": "On the Christian Faith (De fide) — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 95873, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-the-christian-faith-de-fide/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-the-christian-faith-de-fide.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — *De Fide*", "blurb": "Ambrose of Milan's five-book *De Fide* addressed to the Emperor Gratian. The decisive Western defense of Nicene orthodoxy against the late Arians. Established the imperial-Catholic alliance in the West." }, { "num": 127, "slug": "ambrosius--on-the-holy-spirit", "title": "On the Holy Spirit — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 54639, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-the-holy-spirit/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-the-holy-spirit.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — *De Spiritu Sancto*", "blurb": "Ambrose's *De Spiritu Sancto* — Latin theology of the Holy Spirit drawing extensively on Basil's Greek work of the same title. Established the Western pneumatology that Augustine inherited." }, { "num": 128, "slug": "ambrosius--on-the-mysteries", "title": "On the Mysteries — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 7298, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-the-mysteries/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-the-mysteries.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — *De Mysteriis* (mystagogical catechesis)", "blurb": "Ambrose's mystagogical instruction for the newly baptised on the mysteries of Baptism and Eucharist. The classical patristic mystagogy in Latin." }, { "num": 129, "slug": "ambrosius--on-repentance", "title": "On Repentance — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 26571, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-repentance/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-repentance.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — *De Paenitentia*", "blurb": "Ambrose's *On Repentance*. Defense of the church's authority to receive penitents back into communion after grave sin; against Novatianist rigorism. Important for the developing Western theology of penance." }, { "num": 130, "slug": "ambrosius--on-the-duties-of-the-clergy", "title": "On the Duties of the Clergy — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 77584, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-the-duties-of-the-clergy/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-the-duties-of-the-clergy.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — *De Officiis Ministrorum*", "blurb": "Ambrose's three-book *On the Duties of the Clergy* — modelled directly on Cicero's *De Officiis* but transposed to the Christian-pastoral key. The foundational Western treatment of priestly ethics; massively influential on medieval pastoral theology." }, { "num": 131, "slug": "ambrosius--concerning-virgins", "title": "Concerning Virgins — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 21616, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--concerning-virgins/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--concerning-virgins.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — *De Virginibus*", "blurb": "Ambrose's three-book treatise on virginity, addressed to his sister Marcellina. The foundational Latin treatment of consecrated virginity as the higher Christian vocation." }, { "num": 132, "slug": "ambrosius--concerning-widows", "title": "Concerning Widows — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 14426, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--concerning-widows/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--concerning-widows.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — *De Viduis*", "blurb": "Ambrose's *On Widows* — companion to *De Virginibus*. The dignity of the widowed state in Christian life; the practices proper to consecrated widows." }, { "num": 133, "slug": "ambrosius--on-the-death-of-satyrus", "title": "On the Death of Satyrus — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 32817, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-the-death-of-satyrus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--on-the-death-of-satyrus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — *De Excessu Fratris* (on the death of Satyrus)", "blurb": "Ambrose's funeral orations for his beloved brother Satyrus. Personal grief combined with the doctrine of the resurrection; an important early example of Christian funeral oratory." }, { "num": 134, "slug": "ambrosius--memorial-of-symmachus", "title": "Memorial of Symmachus — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 2488, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--memorial-of-symmachus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--memorial-of-symmachus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — letters on the Symmachus affair", "blurb": "Ambrose's correspondence concerning the affair of the Altar of Victory. His successful intervention against the pagan senator Symmachus's appeal to restore the altar. The defining moment of Christian imperial vs pagan-traditional conflict in 4th-century Rome." }, { "num": 135, "slug": "ambrosius--sermon-against-auxentius", "title": "Sermon against Auxentius — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 6272, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--sermon-against-auxentius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--sermon-against-auxentius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — *Sermon Against Auxentius*", "blurb": "Ambrose's sermon on the Arian challenge of Auxentius for the basilica of Milan in 386. His famous defiance: *the Emperor is in the church, not above the church*." }, { "num": 136, "slug": "ambrosius--letters", "title": "Letters — St. Ambrose of Milan", "words": 45634, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--letters/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ambrosius--letters.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ambrose — *Epistulae*", "blurb": "Ambrose's collected letters. Of high historical importance — to emperors (Theodosius after the Thessalonica massacre), to other bishops, to family members. Foundational documents of episcopal authority in the late-4th-century West." }, { "num": 137, "slug": "aphrahat--demonstrations", "title": "Demonstrations — St. Aphrahat the Syrian", "words": 49562, "url": "/sources/patrologia/aphrahat--demonstrations/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/aphrahat--demonstrations.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Aphrahat — *Demonstrations* (Syriac)", "blurb": "Aphrahat the Persian Sage's twenty-three *Demonstrations* (early 4th century). The earliest substantial body of Syriac Christian writing. Doctrinal and ethical instruction in distinctive Syriac-Aramaic theological language, prior to the heavy Greek influence on later Syriac authors." }, { "num": 138, "slug": "aphrahat--acts-of-the-disputation-with-the-heresiarch-manes", "title": "Acts of the Disputation with the Heresiarch Manes — St. Aphrahat the Syrian", "words": 47061, "url": "/sources/patrologia/aphrahat--acts-of-the-disputation-with-the-heresiarch-manes/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/aphrahat--acts-of-the-disputation-with-the-heresiarch-manes.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Disputation with Manes (pseudonymously attributed)", "blurb": "Apocryphal disputation between *Aphrahat* (= Archelaus of Carchar) and Mani the Persian. An anti-Manichaean polemic of doubtful historicity; misattributed to the Syriac Aphrahat in transmission." }, { "num": 139, "slug": "aristides--the-apology", "title": "The Apology — St. Aristides the Philosopher", "words": 7300, "url": "/sources/patrologia/aristides--the-apology/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/aristides--the-apology.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Aristides — *Apology* (c. 125)", "blurb": "Aristides of Athens's *Apology* — one of the earliest surviving Greek apologetic works, addressed to the Emperor Hadrian (or possibly Antoninus Pius). Surveys the four classes of men (barbarians, Greeks, Jews, Christians) and argues that Christians alone worship God in truth." }, { "num": 140, "slug": "athanasius--against-the-heathen", "title": "Against the Heathen — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 24377, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--against-the-heathen/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--against-the-heathen.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Contra Gentes*", "blurb": "Athanasius's youthful *Contra Gentes* — part of a two-part work with *De Incarnatione*. Refutes idolatry by appeal to the human soul's natural knowledge of God. Establishes the framework for the Christological argument that follows." }, { "num": 141, "slug": "athanasius--on-the-incarnation-of-the-word", "title": "On the Incarnation of the Word — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 26432, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--on-the-incarnation-of-the-word/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--on-the-incarnation-of-the-word.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *De Incarnatione*", "blurb": "The companion to *Contra Gentes*. Athanasius's foundational Christological treatise on why the Word became flesh — to renew the divine image in man and to defeat death. The famous formula: *He was made man that we might be made God*. One of the most influential brief works of Greek patristic theology." }, { "num": 142, "slug": "athanasius--deposition-of-arius", "title": "Deposition of Arius — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 2018, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--deposition-of-arius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--deposition-of-arius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Deposition of Arius* (encyclical)", "blurb": "Encyclical letter recording the deposition of Arius by Alexander of Alexandria (Athanasius's predecessor and patron). Important documentary witness to the early Arian crisis." }, { "num": 143, "slug": "athanasius--statement-of-faith", "title": "Statement of Faith — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 1476, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--statement-of-faith/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--statement-of-faith.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Statement of Faith*", "blurb": "A brief doctrinal statement attributed to Athanasius. Concise affirmation of the Nicene faith against Arianism." }, { "num": 144, "slug": "athanasius--on-luke-10-22-matthew-11-27", "title": "On Luke 10:22 (Matthew 11:27) — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 3116, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--on-luke-10-22-matthew-11-27/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--on-luke-10-22-matthew-11-27.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — Discourse on Luke 10:22 / Matthew 11:27", "blurb": "Athanasius's exposition of the *no one knoweth the Son but the Father* passage. Establishes the absolute Father-Son knowledge-equality against Arian gradualism." }, { "num": 145, "slug": "athanasius--circular-letter", "title": "Circular Letter — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 4038, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--circular-letter/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--circular-letter.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — Circular Letter", "blurb": "Athanasius's circular letter on the Arian situation. Addressed to other bishops to rally support for the Nicene cause." }, { "num": 146, "slug": "athanasius--apologia-contra-arianos", "title": "Apologia Contra Arianos — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 39254, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--apologia-contra-arianos/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--apologia-contra-arianos.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Apologia contra Arianos*", "blurb": "Athanasius's lengthy apology against the Arians. Survey and defense of his ministry against the charges brought against him in successive Arian-sympathetic councils. Important documentary source for the 4th-century imperial-ecclesiastical struggle." }, { "num": 147, "slug": "athanasius--de-decretis", "title": "De Decretis — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 15382, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--de-decretis/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--de-decretis.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *De Decretis Nicaenae Synodi*", "blurb": "Athanasius's *On the Decrees of the Nicene Council*. Defense of the term *homoousios* against Arian objections that it is not a scriptural word. Establishes the patristic principle of receiving non-scriptural terminology when it precisely captures scriptural truth." }, { "num": 148, "slug": "athanasius--de-sententia-dionysii", "title": "De Sententia Dionysii — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 10164, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--de-sententia-dionysii/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--de-sententia-dionysii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *De Sententia Dionysii*", "blurb": "Athanasius's defense of Dionysius of Alexandria (mid-3rd century) against Arian misappropriation of his anti-Sabellian statements. Important for the history of pre-Nicene Trinitarian language." }, { "num": 149, "slug": "athanasius--vita-s-antoni-life-of-st-anthony", "title": "Vita S. Antoni (Life of St. Anthony) — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 24502, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--vita-s-antoni-life-of-st-anthony/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--vita-s-antoni-life-of-st-anthony.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Vita Antonii*", "blurb": "Athanasius's *Life of St Anthony* — the foundational text of Christian monastic literature. The retreat into the desert; the demonic temptations; the assembling of disciples. Read by Augustine on the night before his conversion (Confessions VIII)." }, { "num": 150, "slug": "athanasius--ad-episcopus-aegypti-et-libyae", "title": "Ad Episcopus Aegypti et Libyae — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 11233, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--ad-episcopus-aegypti-et-libyae/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--ad-episcopus-aegypti-et-libyae.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Ad Episcopos Aegypti et Libyae*", "blurb": "Athanasius's letter to the Egyptian and Libyan bishops in his jurisdiction. Pastoral and doctrinal address consolidating Nicene support within his patriarchate." }, { "num": 151, "slug": "athanasius--apologia-ad-constantium", "title": "Apologia ad Constantium — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 12941, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--apologia-ad-constantium/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--apologia-ad-constantium.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Apologia ad Constantium*", "blurb": "Athanasius's apology directly addressed to the Arian-sympathetic Emperor Constantius. Defense against the imperial accusations that had led to Athanasius's exile." }, { "num": 152, "slug": "athanasius--apologia-de-fuga", "title": "Apologia de Fuga — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 8872, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--apologia-de-fuga/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--apologia-de-fuga.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Apologia de Fuga*", "blurb": "Athanasius's *Apology for his Flight*. Defends his successive escapes from arresting parties as right Christian prudence rather than cowardice." }, { "num": 153, "slug": "athanasius--historia-arianorum", "title": "Historia Arianorum — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 26516, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--historia-arianorum/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--historia-arianorum.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Historia Arianorum*", "blurb": "Athanasius's *History of the Arians* — polemical historical account of the Arian movement and its imperial patrons. Important contemporary witness to the 4th-century crisis." }, { "num": 154, "slug": "athanasius--four-discourses-against-the-arians", "title": "Four Discourses Against the Arians — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 74112, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--four-discourses-against-the-arians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--four-discourses-against-the-arians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Four Discourses Against the Arians*", "blurb": "Athanasius's four *Orationes contra Arianos* (or three, by some reckonings) — the most extensive systematic refutation of Arianism in patristic literature. Foundational for the developing Nicene Trinitarian language." }, { "num": 155, "slug": "athanasius--de-synodis", "title": "De Synodis — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 25198, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--de-synodis/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--de-synodis.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *De Synodis*", "blurb": "Athanasius's *On the Councils* — survey of the various semi-Arian and Arian councils. Shows the doctrinal incoherence of the anti-Nicene parties as itself an argument for Nicaea." }, { "num": 156, "slug": "athanasius--tomus-ad-antiochenos", "title": "Tomus ad Antiochenos — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 3009, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--tomus-ad-antiochenos/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--tomus-ad-antiochenos.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Tomus ad Antiochenos*", "blurb": "Athanasius's *Tome to the Antiochenes* (362). Council of Alexandria attempt to reconcile the Antiochene factions of the Nicene party. Important for the developing Cappadocian terminology of *hypostasis*." }, { "num": 157, "slug": "athanasius--ad-afros-epistola-synodica", "title": "Ad Afros Epistola Synodica — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 4710, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--ad-afros-epistola-synodica/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--ad-afros-epistola-synodica.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Letter to the Africans*", "blurb": "Athanasius's synodical letter to the African bishops. Pastoral and doctrinal address on Nicaea and the Arian controversies." }, { "num": 158, "slug": "athanasius--historia-acephala", "title": "Historia Acephala — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 3809, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--historia-acephala/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--historia-acephala.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — *Historia Acephala*", "blurb": "*Headless History* — annalistic compilation of Athanasian-period events. Anonymous; preserved with the Athanasian corpus as documentary supplement." }, { "num": 159, "slug": "athanasius--letters", "title": "Letters — St. Athanasius of Alexandria", "words": 66755, "url": "/sources/patrologia/athanasius--letters/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/athanasius--letters.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Athanasius — Letters and Festal Letters", "blurb": "Athanasius's collected letters, including the famous Festal Letter 39 (367) that gives the earliest extant complete list of the 27-book NT canon." }, { "num": 160, "slug": "augustinus--confessions", "title": "Confessions — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 120171, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--confessions/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--confessions.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Confessions*", "blurb": "Augustine's *Confessions* — the foundational autobiographical-theological work of Western Christianity (c. 397-401). Thirteen books: the autobiography (I-IX) closing with Monica's death at Ostia; the philosophical meditations (X on memory, XI on time, XII on creation, XIII on the days of Genesis). One of the indispensable texts of the entire Western tradition." }, { "num": 161, "slug": "augustinus--letters", "title": "Letters — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 383235, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--letters/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--letters.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Epistulae*", "blurb": "Augustine's collected letters — a substantial corpus of ~300 letters of doctrinal, pastoral, and political content. The discovery of the *Divjak letters* in 1975 substantially enlarged the surviving corpus." }, { "num": 162, "slug": "augustinus--city-of-god", "title": "City of God — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 431517, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--city-of-god/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--city-of-god.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Civitate Dei*", "blurb": "Augustine's twenty-two-book *City of God* (413-426). Begun in response to the sack of Rome (410). The contrast of the *Civitas Dei* and the *Civitas terrena* — two cities formed by two loves. The foundational work of Western political theology; the architectonic of Western Christian historiography." }, { "num": 163, "slug": "augustinus--christian-doctrine", "title": "Christian Doctrine — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 66571, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--christian-doctrine/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--christian-doctrine.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Doctrina Christiana*", "blurb": "Augustine's four-book *On Christian Doctrine* — the hermeneutical foundation-text of Western Christian biblical interpretation. The use of pagan learning, the methods of interpretation, the role of rhetoric in preaching. Inaugurates the medieval *artes* tradition of Christian scholarship." }, { "num": 164, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-holy-trinity", "title": "On the Holy Trinity — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 177767, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-holy-trinity/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-holy-trinity.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Trinitate*", "blurb": "Augustine's fifteen-book *De Trinitate* (399-419) — the most influential Western Trinitarian treatise. Establishes the *psychological analogies* (memory-understanding-will; lover-beloved-love) that would shape Latin scholastic Trinitarian thought. The doctrinal foundation of Western Trinitarianism." }, { "num": 165, "slug": "augustinus--the-enchiridion", "title": "The Enchiridion — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 33012, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--the-enchiridion/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--the-enchiridion.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Enchiridion ad Laurentium*", "blurb": "Augustine's *Enchiridion* (*Handbook*) on faith, hope, and love. Compact summary of Christian doctrine for the layman Laurentius. The structure (faith first, hope second, love third) shaped medieval catechesis." }, { "num": 166, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-catechising-of-the-uninstructed", "title": "On the Catechising of the Uninstructed — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 27388, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-catechising-of-the-uninstructed/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-catechising-of-the-uninstructed.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Catechizandis Rudibus*", "blurb": "Augustine's practical guide for catechists preparing inquirers for baptism. Pastoral wisdom on adjusting the catechesis to the catechumen's prior education and temperament." }, { "num": 167, "slug": "augustinus--on-faith-and-the-creed", "title": "On Faith and the Creed — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 10032, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-faith-and-the-creed/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-faith-and-the-creed.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Fide et Symbolo*", "blurb": "Augustine's address to the Council of Hippo (393) on faith and the creed. Early systematic-doctrinal piece prior to Augustine's larger systematic works." }, { "num": 168, "slug": "augustinus--concerning-faith-of-things-not-seen", "title": "Concerning Faith of Things Not Seen — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 5633, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--concerning-faith-of-things-not-seen/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--concerning-faith-of-things-not-seen.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Fide Rerum Invisibilium*", "blurb": "Brief treatise on faith in things not seen. The reasonableness of believing what one cannot directly verify — extended also to ordinary human relations of trust." }, { "num": 169, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-profit-of-believing", "title": "On the Profit of Believing — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 17356, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-profit-of-believing/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-profit-of-believing.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Utilitate Credendi*", "blurb": "Augustine's anti-Manichaean defense of authority-based belief. Addresses his old Manichaean colleague Honoratus to draw him into the Catholic church. Important early statement of the relation of faith and reason." }, { "num": 170, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-creed-a-sermon-to-catechumens", "title": "On the Creed: A Sermon to Catechumens — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 5753, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-creed-a-sermon-to-catechumens/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-creed-a-sermon-to-catechumens.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — Sermon to Catechumens on the Creed", "blurb": "Augustine's *Sermo ad Catechumenos de Symbolo* — sermon to catechumens on the baptismal creed. Pastoral exposition of the creed's articles." }, { "num": 171, "slug": "augustinus--on-continence", "title": "On Continence — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 13257, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-continence/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-continence.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Continentia*", "blurb": "Augustine's treatise on the virtue of continence (sexual self-restraint). Sets the framework for medieval Latin sexual ethics." }, { "num": 172, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-good-of-marriage", "title": "On the Good of Marriage — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 13918, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-good-of-marriage/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-good-of-marriage.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Bono Coniugali*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On the Good of Marriage* — the foundational Western treatise on Christian marriage. The three *goods* of marriage: offspring (*proles*), fidelity (*fides*), sacrament (*sacramentum*). The framework that shaped medieval and modern Christian marital theology." }, { "num": 173, "slug": "augustinus--on-holy-virginity", "title": "On Holy Virginity — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 19103, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-holy-virginity/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-holy-virginity.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Sancta Virginitate*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On Holy Virginity* — companion to *De Bono Coniugali*. Defense of the higher status of consecrated virginity without disparaging marriage." }, { "num": 174, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-good-of-widowhood", "title": "On the Good of Widowhood — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 12066, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-good-of-widowhood/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-good-of-widowhood.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Bono Viduitatis*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On the Good of Widowhood*. Addressed to the widow Juliana on the dignity of the widowed state." }, { "num": 175, "slug": "augustinus--on-lying", "title": "On Lying — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 19249, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-lying/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-lying.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Mendacio*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On Lying*. Foundational treatment of the absolute prohibition of lying — even the lie that would save another from harm or death. The principled position contrasted with the casuistic accommodations of later moralists." }, { "num": 176, "slug": "augustinus--to-consentius-against-lying", "title": "To Consentius: Against Lying — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 18651, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--to-consentius-against-lying/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--to-consentius-against-lying.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Contra Mendacium ad Consentium*", "blurb": "Augustine's letter-treatise *Against Lying* to Consentius. Refines and strengthens the position of *De Mendacio* against suggestions that *useful lies* might sometimes be permitted in pious causes (e.g., infiltrating heretical groups)." }, { "num": 177, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-work-of-monks", "title": "On the Work of Monks — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 19740, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-work-of-monks/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-work-of-monks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Opere Monachorum*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On the Work of Monks*. Argues that monks should perform manual labor rather than depend wholly on alms. Important early Western monastic-discipline document." }, { "num": 178, "slug": "augustinus--on-patience", "title": "On Patience — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 8236, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-patience/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-patience.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Patientia*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On Patience*. Brief treatise on patience as the Christian virtue of bearing what cannot be changed; sets up the patristic vocabulary for the later medieval treatments." }, { "num": 179, "slug": "augustinus--on-care-to-be-had-for-the-dead", "title": "On Care to be Had For the Dead — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 10930, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-care-to-be-had-for-the-dead/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-care-to-be-had-for-the-dead.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Cura pro Mortuis Gerenda*", "blurb": "Augustine's letter-treatise to Paulinus of Nola on whether the place of burial affects the soul's state. Distinguishes the consolation of the living from any genuine benefit to the dead from particular burial-arrangements." }, { "num": 180, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-morals-of-the-catholic-church", "title": "On the Morals of the Catholic Church — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 19384, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-morals-of-the-catholic-church/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-morals-of-the-catholic-church.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Moribus Ecclesiae Catholicae*", "blurb": "Augustine's anti-Manichaean defense of Catholic moral teaching. Part of a paired work with *De Moribus Manichaeorum*." }, { "num": 181, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-morals-of-the-manichaeans", "title": "On the Morals of the Manichaeans — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 19019, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-morals-of-the-manichaeans/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-morals-of-the-manichaeans.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Moribus Manichaeorum*", "blurb": "Companion to the previous. Augustine's exposé of the moral failings of his former Manichaean associates — particularly the *Elect's* hypocritical exemption from labor while requiring the *Hearers* to support them." }, { "num": 182, "slug": "augustinus--on-two-souls-against-the-manichaeans", "title": "On Two Souls, Against the Manichaeans — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 10218, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-two-souls-against-the-manichaeans/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-two-souls-against-the-manichaeans.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Duabus Animabus*", "blurb": "Augustine's *Against the Manichaean doctrine of Two Souls* — the Manichaean teaching that each human contains a good and an evil soul. Augustine argues for the unity of the soul against the Manichaean dualism." }, { "num": 183, "slug": "augustinus--acts-or-disputation-against-fortunatus-the-manichaean", "title": "Acts or Disputation Against Fortunatus the Manichaean — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 9860, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--acts-or-disputation-against-fortunatus-the-manichaean/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--acts-or-disputation-against-fortunatus-the-manichaean.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Acta contra Fortunatum Manichaeum*", "blurb": "Public debate between Augustine and the Manichaean teacher Fortunatus at Hippo (392). The debate Augustine considered his most successful anti-Manichaean engagement; led to Fortunatus's withdrawal." }, { "num": 184, "slug": "augustinus--against-the-epistle-of-manichaeus-called-fundamental", "title": "Against the Epistle of Manichaeus Called Fundamental — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 18899, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--against-the-epistle-of-manichaeus-called-fundamental/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--against-the-epistle-of-manichaeus-called-fundamental.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Contra Epistolam Manichaei Fundamenti*", "blurb": "Augustine's *Against the Foundational Epistle of Mani*. Refutation of the central Manichaean theological treatise. Contains the famous declaration: *I would not believe the Gospel if the authority of the Catholic Church did not move me*." }, { "num": 185, "slug": "augustinus--reply-to-faustus-the-manichaean", "title": "Reply to Faustus the Manichaean — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 176560, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--reply-to-faustus-the-manichaean/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--reply-to-faustus-the-manichaean.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Contra Faustum Manichaeum*", "blurb": "Augustine's thirty-three-book reply to Faustus — the Manichaean bishop whose disappointing performance had begun Augustine's disillusionment with Manichaeism. Comprehensive refutation, particularly on the relation of the Old Testament to the New." }, { "num": 186, "slug": "augustinus--concerning-the-nature-of-good-against-the-manichaeans", "title": "Concerning the Nature of Good, Against the Manichaeans — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 11476, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--concerning-the-nature-of-good-against-the-manichaeans/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--concerning-the-nature-of-good-against-the-manichaeans.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Natura Boni*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On the Nature of the Good*. Anti-Manichaean treatise establishing that all created being is good *qua* being, and that evil is *privatio boni* — privation of good rather than substantive being. Foundational Western Christian metaphysics of good and evil." }, { "num": 187, "slug": "augustinus--on-baptism-against-the-donatists", "title": "On Baptism, Against the Donatists — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 86925, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-baptism-against-the-donatists/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-baptism-against-the-donatists.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Baptismo* (against the Donatists)", "blurb": "Augustine's seven-book *On Baptism* — the principal anti-Donatist treatise on the validity of baptisms performed outside the Catholic Church. Establishes the sacramental doctrine of *ex opere operato* validity independent of minister's worthiness." }, { "num": 188, "slug": "augustinus--answer-to-letters-of-petilian-bishop-of-cirta", "title": "Answer to Letters of Petilian, Bishop of Cirta — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 99339, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--answer-to-letters-of-petilian-bishop-of-cirta/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--answer-to-letters-of-petilian-bishop-of-cirta.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Contra Litteras Petiliani*", "blurb": "Augustine's reply to the Donatist Bishop Petilian of Cirta. Major work of the anti-Donatist campaign of the early 5th century." }, { "num": 189, "slug": "augustinus--merits-and-remission-of-sin-and-infant-baptism", "title": "Merits and Remission of Sin, and Infant Baptism — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 56089, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--merits-and-remission-of-sin-and-infant-baptism/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--merits-and-remission-of-sin-and-infant-baptism.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Peccatorum Meritis et Remissione*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins* — the first major anti-Pelagian work. Establishes the necessity of infant baptism on the doctrine of original sin: infants must be baptised because they share Adam's guilt." }, { "num": 190, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-spirit-and-the-letter", "title": "On the Spirit and the Letter — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 28694, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-spirit-and-the-letter/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-spirit-and-the-letter.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Spiritu et Littera*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On the Spirit and the Letter*. The Pauline contrast of 2 Cor 3:6 expounded: the letter (the Mosaic law without grace) kills; the Spirit (grace given through Christ) gives life. Important Pauline-Augustinian treatise on grace." }, { "num": 191, "slug": "augustinus--on-nature-and-grace", "title": "On Nature and Grace — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 27388, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-nature-and-grace/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-nature-and-grace.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Natura et Gratia*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On Nature and Grace* — refutation of Pelagius's *On Nature*. Continues the development of the anti-Pelagian doctrine of grace's necessity." }, { "num": 192, "slug": "augustinus--on-man-s-perfection-in-righteousness", "title": "On Man's Perfection in Righteousness — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 15990, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-man-s-perfection-in-righteousness/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-man-s-perfection-in-righteousness.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Perfectione Justitiae Hominis*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On Man's Perfection in Righteousness*. Refutes Caelestius's *Definitions* on the possibility of sinlessness in this life. Maintains that perfect righteousness is the eschatological goal, not a present possibility." }, { "num": 193, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-proceedings-of-pelagius", "title": "On the Proceedings of Pelagius — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 26396, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-proceedings-of-pelagius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-proceedings-of-pelagius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Gestis Pelagii*", "blurb": "Augustine's account of the proceedings against Pelagius at the Synod of Diospolis (415). Documents the procedural and theological history of the early stage of the controversy." }, { "num": 194, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-grace-of-christ-and-on-original-sin", "title": "On the Grace of Christ, and on Original Sin — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 32708, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-grace-of-christ-and-on-original-sin/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-grace-of-christ-and-on-original-sin.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Gratia Christi et de Peccato Originali*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On the Grace of Christ and on Original Sin*. The two-part doctrinal core of the anti-Pelagian campaign: grace's necessity for any good work; original sin's universality." }, { "num": 195, "slug": "augustinus--on-marriage-and-concupiscence", "title": "On Marriage and Concupiscence — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 39339, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-marriage-and-concupiscence/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-marriage-and-concupiscence.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Nuptiis et Concupiscentia*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On Marriage and Concupiscence*. The transmission of original sin through generation; the relation of marriage's natural goodness to the disordered concupiscence accompanying fallen sexuality. Foundational for medieval Western sexual theology." }, { "num": 196, "slug": "augustinus--on-the-soul-and-its-origin", "title": "On the Soul and its Origin — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 51717, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-soul-and-its-origin/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-the-soul-and-its-origin.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Anima et Eius Origine*", "blurb": "Augustine's four-book treatise on the soul and its origin. The unresolved tension between *creationism* (each soul created at conception) and *traducianism* (soul transmitted through parents) — Augustine never fully resolves the question." }, { "num": 197, "slug": "augustinus--against-two-letters-of-the-pelagians", "title": "Against Two Letters of the Pelagians — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 52502, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--against-two-letters-of-the-pelagians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--against-two-letters-of-the-pelagians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Contra Duas Epistulas Pelagianorum*", "blurb": "Augustine's reply to Julian of Eclanum's two letters — the second major round of the anti-Pelagian controversy. Refines the doctrine of grace against the more sophisticated Pelagian objections." }, { "num": 198, "slug": "augustinus--on-grace-and-free-will", "title": "On Grace and Free Will — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 20156, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-grace-and-free-will/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-grace-and-free-will.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Gratia et Libero Arbitrio*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On Grace and Free Will*. Defends both — divine grace's priority *and* genuine human freedom — against the charge that his anti-Pelagian doctrine destroys human freedom. The doctrinal balance maintained against both Pelagians and (proto-)determinists." }, { "num": 199, "slug": "augustinus--on-rebuke-and-grace", "title": "On Rebuke and Grace — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 18712, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-rebuke-and-grace/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--on-rebuke-and-grace.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Correptione et Gratia*", "blurb": "Augustine's *On Rebuke and Grace*. To the monks of Hadrumetum on the relation of moral exhortation to the doctrine of grace — both are needed and consistent. Important late-Augustinian text on the practical relation of grace and pastoral teaching." }, { "num": 200, "slug": "augustinus--the-predestination-of-the-saints-gift-of-perseverance", "title": "The Predestination of the Saints/Gift of Perseverance — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 45199, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--the-predestination-of-the-saints-gift-of-perseverance/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--the-predestination-of-the-saints-gift-of-perseverance.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Praedestinatione Sanctorum* + *De Dono Perseverantiae*", "blurb": "Augustine's last major works (428-429), addressed to monastic communities in southern Gaul that were resisting the harder edges of the anti-Pelagian doctrine of predestination. Defense of unconditional election and the *donum perseverantiae*." }, { "num": 201, "slug": "augustinus--our-lord-s-sermon-on-the-mount", "title": "Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 54687, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--our-lord-s-sermon-on-the-mount/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--our-lord-s-sermon-on-the-mount.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Sermone Domini in Monte*", "blurb": "Augustine's two-book exposition of the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7). Important early Augustinian work shaping medieval reception of the Sermon." }, { "num": 202, "slug": "augustinus--the-harmony-of-the-gospels", "title": "The Harmony of the Gospels — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 146522, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--the-harmony-of-the-gospels/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--the-harmony-of-the-gospels.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *De Consensu Evangelistarum*", "blurb": "Augustine's four-book *Harmony of the Gospels*. Addresses the apparent discrepancies between the four canonical gospels and proposes harmonising explanations. Foundational text of patristic gospel-harmony." }, { "num": 203, "slug": "augustinus--sermons-on-selected-lessons-of-the-new-testament", "title": "Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New Testament — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 301509, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--sermons-on-selected-lessons-of-the-new-testament/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--sermons-on-selected-lessons-of-the-new-testament.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — Sermons on selected NT lessons", "blurb": "Selection from Augustine's extensive sermon-corpus expounding particular New Testament passages. Augustine's preaching is among the most-cited bodies of Christian sermon-literature." }, { "num": 204, "slug": "augustinus--tractates-on-the-gospel-of-john", "title": "Tractates on the Gospel of John — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 409526, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--tractates-on-the-gospel-of-john/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--tractates-on-the-gospel-of-john.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Tractatus in Joannem*", "blurb": "Augustine's 124 *Tractates on the Gospel of John* — the largest single Augustinian commentary. The summit of patristic Latin Johannine exegesis; foundational for medieval Western mystical-Christological reading of John." }, { "num": 205, "slug": "augustinus--homilies-on-the-first-epistle-of-john", "title": "Homilies on the First Epistle of John — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 59144, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--homilies-on-the-first-epistle-of-john/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--homilies-on-the-first-epistle-of-john.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Homilies on 1 John*", "blurb": "Augustine's ten homilies on the First Epistle of John — preached during the Easter octave. Contains the famous *love and do what you will* — *dilige et quod vis fac* (homily 7)." }, { "num": 206, "slug": "augustinus--soliloquies", "title": "Soliloquies — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 22813, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--soliloquies/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--soliloquies.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Soliloquia*", "blurb": "Augustine's two-book *Soliloquies* — dialogue between Augustine and *Reason* on the immortality of the soul and the path to God. Early Augustinian work; the term *soliloquium* itself an Augustinian coinage." }, { "num": 207, "slug": "augustinus--the-enarrations-or-expositions-on-the-psalms", "title": "The Enarrations, or Expositions, on the Psalms — St. Augustine of Hippo", "words": 659890, "url": "/sources/patrologia/augustinus--the-enarrations-or-expositions-on-the-psalms/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/augustinus--the-enarrations-or-expositions-on-the-psalms.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Augustine — *Enarrationes in Psalmos*", "blurb": "Augustine's *Enarrations on the Psalms* — the longest Augustinian work, comprising the complete commentary on all 150 Psalms accumulated over decades. The most influential Latin patristic Psalms-commentary; foundational for medieval Western Psalter-spirituality." }, { "num": 208, "slug": "barnabas--epistle-of-barnabas", "title": "Epistle of Barnabas — St. Barnabas (Epistle of)", "words": 9656, "url": "/sources/patrologia/barnabas--epistle-of-barnabas/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/barnabas--epistle-of-barnabas.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Epistle of Barnabas (c. 100)", "blurb": "Pseudonymous *Epistle of Barnabas* (c. 100-130). Heavily allegorical reading of the Hebrew scriptures; argues that the Mosaic law was always intended spiritually, never literally; vigorously anti-Judaic. The earliest surviving sustained Christian allegorical hermeneutic." }, { "num": 209, "slug": "basilius--de-spiritu-sancto", "title": "De Spiritu Sancto — St. Basil the Great", "words": 36421, "url": "/sources/patrologia/basilius--de-spiritu-sancto/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/basilius--de-spiritu-sancto.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Basil the Great — *De Spiritu Sancto*", "blurb": "Basil's foundational *On the Holy Spirit* (375) — the decisive Greek theological treatise establishing the full divinity of the Holy Spirit. The classic argument from doxology and from the Spirit's operations in baptism and grace. Foundation of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan pneumatology." }, { "num": 210, "slug": "basilius--nine-homilies-of-hexaemeron", "title": "Nine Homilies of Hexaemeron — St. Basil the Great", "words": 44732, "url": "/sources/patrologia/basilius--nine-homilies-of-hexaemeron/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/basilius--nine-homilies-of-hexaemeron.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Basil the Great — *Hexaemeron*", "blurb": "Basil's nine homilies on the six days of creation (Genesis 1). The foundational Greek patristic exposition of creation; combines biblical exegesis with contemporary natural philosophy. Translated into Latin by Eustathius; influential on Ambrose's parallel Latin *Hexaemeron*." }, { "num": 211, "slug": "basilius--letters", "title": "Letters — St. Basil the Great", "words": 192476, "url": "/sources/patrologia/basilius--letters/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/basilius--letters.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Basil the Great — Letters", "blurb": "Basil's voluminous collected letters — to Gregory Nazianzen, to Athanasius, to the Roman bishops, to civil officials, to monks. Of high doctrinal, pastoral, and historical importance." }, { "num": 212, "slug": "clement-of-alex--who-is-the-rich-man-that-shall-be-saved", "title": "Who is the Rich Man That Shall Be Saved? — St. Clement of Alexandria", "words": 12511, "url": "/sources/patrologia/clement-of-alex--who-is-the-rich-man-that-shall-be-saved/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/clement-of-alex--who-is-the-rich-man-that-shall-be-saved.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Clement of Alexandria — *Quis Dives Salvetur?*", "blurb": "Clement's homily on the rich young ruler narrative (Mark 10:17-31). Argues that wealth itself is morally indifferent — what matters is the disposition of the heart toward it. Established the moderate-ascetic position on Christian wealth." }, { "num": 213, "slug": "clement-of-alex--exhortation-to-the-heathen", "title": "Exhortation to the Heathen — St. Clement of Alexandria", "words": 33669, "url": "/sources/patrologia/clement-of-alex--exhortation-to-the-heathen/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/clement-of-alex--exhortation-to-the-heathen.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Clement of Alexandria — *Protrepticus*", "blurb": "Clement's *Protrepticus* (*Exhortation to the Greeks*) — apologetic-evangelistic work urging conversion. Critique of paganism interwoven with appeal to the *spermatic logos* present in Greek philosophy." }, { "num": 214, "slug": "clement-of-alex--the-instructor", "title": "The Instructor — St. Clement of Alexandria", "words": 77653, "url": "/sources/patrologia/clement-of-alex--the-instructor/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/clement-of-alex--the-instructor.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Clement of Alexandria — *Paedagogus*", "blurb": "Clement's *Paedagogus* (*The Instructor*) — three-book guide to the Christian moral life. Christ as the divine *Paedagogus*; the everyday disciplines of food, drink, dress, comportment. The most detailed early-Christian guide to lived practice." }, { "num": 215, "slug": "clement-of-alex--the-stromata-or-miscellanies", "title": "The Stromata, or Miscellanies — St. Clement of Alexandria", "words": 217888, "url": "/sources/patrologia/clement-of-alex--the-stromata-or-miscellanies/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/clement-of-alex--the-stromata-or-miscellanies.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Clement of Alexandria — *Stromateis*", "blurb": "Clement's *Stromateis* (*Miscellanies*) — eight (incomplete) books of varied philosophical-theological reflections. The relation of faith and gnosis; the true Christian *Gnostic*; the use of Greek philosophy. The foundation of the Alexandrian Christian-philosophical synthesis." }, { "num": 216, "slug": "clement-of-alex--fragments", "title": "Fragments — St. Clement of Alexandria", "words": 12995, "url": "/sources/patrologia/clement-of-alex--fragments/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/clement-of-alex--fragments.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Clement of Alexandria — surviving fragments", "blurb": "Surviving fragments of Clement's lost works — the *Hypotyposeis*, the *Excerpta ex Theodoto* (extracts from the Valentinian Theodotus with Clement's responses), the *Eclogae Propheticae*. Of disputed canonical status; included as supplementary material." }, { "num": 217, "slug": "clement-of-rome--first-epistle", "title": "First Epistle — St. Clement of Rome", "words": 13690, "url": "/sources/patrologia/clement-of-rome--first-epistle/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/clement-of-rome--first-epistle.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Clement of Rome — *1 Clement*", "blurb": "Clement of Rome's *First Epistle to the Corinthians* (c. 96) — the earliest non-canonical Christian writing whose date and authorship are reasonably certain. Addresses a schism at Corinth; major early witness to apostolic succession." }, { "num": 218, "slug": "clement-of-rome--second-epistle", "title": "Second Epistle — St. Clement of Rome", "words": 4226, "url": "/sources/patrologia/clement-of-rome--second-epistle/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/clement-of-rome--second-epistle.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "*2 Clement* (anonymous, c. 140-150)", "blurb": "The so-called *Second Epistle of Clement* — actually anonymous, dating c. 140-150, the earliest surviving non-canonical Christian sermon. Misattributed to Clement in the manuscript tradition." }, { "num": 219, "slug": "clement-of-rome--two-epistles-concerning-virginity", "title": "Two Epistles Concerning Virginity — St. Clement of Rome", "words": 8864, "url": "/sources/patrologia/clement-of-rome--two-epistles-concerning-virginity/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/clement-of-rome--two-epistles-concerning-virginity.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Clement — *Epistles on Virginity*", "blurb": "Two epistles on virginity pseudonymously attributed to Clement. Probably 3rd-century Syrian/Palestinian origin. Important early-monastic ascetic literature." }, { "num": 220, "slug": "clement-of-rome--recognitions", "title": "Recognitions — St. Clement of Rome", "words": 121430, "url": "/sources/patrologia/clement-of-rome--recognitions/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/clement-of-rome--recognitions.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Clementine *Recognitions*", "blurb": "The *Recognitiones* — late-antique Jewish-Christian romance pseudonymously attributed to Clement. Clement's father lost his family in a shipwreck; the dispersed family members are progressively *recognised* as Clement travels with Peter. Important source for understanding Jewish-Christian theology." }, { "num": 221, "slug": "clement-of-rome--clementine-homilies", "title": "Clementine Homilies — St. Clement of Rome", "words": 109883, "url": "/sources/patrologia/clement-of-rome--clementine-homilies/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/clement-of-rome--clementine-homilies.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Clementine *Homilies*", "blurb": "The *Clementine Homilies* — Greek companion to the Latin *Recognitions*, sharing common source-material. Strongly Jewish-Christian in flavour; one of the principal windows onto otherwise-lost Jewish-Christian theological currents." }, { "num": 222, "slug": "cyprianus--the-life-and-passion-of-cyprian", "title": "The Life and Passion of Cyprian — St. Cyprian of Carthage", "words": 7130, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cyprianus--the-life-and-passion-of-cyprian/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cyprianus--the-life-and-passion-of-cyprian.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pontius — *Vita Cypriani*", "blurb": "Pontius's *Life and Passion of Cyprian* — the earliest Latin Christian biography, written shortly after Cyprian's martyrdom (258). Foundational text of Latin hagiography." }, { "num": 223, "slug": "cyprianus--the-epistles-of-cyprian", "title": "The Epistles of Cyprian — St. Cyprian of Carthage", "words": 125131, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cyprianus--the-epistles-of-cyprian/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cyprianus--the-epistles-of-cyprian.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Cyprian — Letters", "blurb": "Cyprian of Carthage's eighty-one collected letters — one of the most important documentary corpora of the 3rd-century African church. Pastoral, disciplinary, and doctrinal correspondence covering the *lapsi* controversy, the rebaptism dispute, and the persecution." }, { "num": 224, "slug": "cyprianus--the-treatises-of-cyprian", "title": "The Treatises of Cyprian — St. Cyprian of Carthage", "words": 79618, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cyprianus--the-treatises-of-cyprian/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cyprianus--the-treatises-of-cyprian.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Cyprian — Treatises", "blurb": "Cyprian's twelve treatises — *De Unitate Ecclesiae* (the most influential: *no salvation outside the Church*; *cannot have God for Father who has not the Church for mother*), *De Lapsis*, *De Dominica Oratione*, *Ad Donatum*, etc. Foundational corpus of Latin Christian ecclesiology." }, { "num": 225, "slug": "cyprianus--the-seventh-council-of-carthage", "title": "The Seventh Council of Carthage — St. Cyprian of Carthage", "words": 6055, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cyprianus--the-seventh-council-of-carthage/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cyprianus--the-seventh-council-of-carthage.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Cyprian — *Seventh Council of Carthage* (256)", "blurb": "Records of the Seventh Council of Carthage under Cyprian (256) on the rebaptism question. Eighty-seven African bishops vote individually; the diversity of episcopal practice within unity. Important early conciliar document." }, { "num": 226, "slug": "cyrillus-alex--commentary-on-john", "title": "Commentary on John — St. Cyril of Alexandria", "words": 427174, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cyrillus-alex--commentary-on-john/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cyrillus-alex--commentary-on-john.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Cyril of Alexandria — *Commentary on John*", "blurb": "Cyril of Alexandria's massive *Commentary on the Gospel of John*. The Christological apex of Alexandrian exegesis; Christ as the divine Word made flesh, exegeted verse by verse. Foundational text of Cyrilline Christology." }, { "num": 227, "slug": "cyrillus-alex--commentary-on-luke", "title": "Commentary on Luke — St. Cyril of Alexandria", "words": 255519, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cyrillus-alex--commentary-on-luke/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cyrillus-alex--commentary-on-luke.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Cyril of Alexandria — *Commentary on Luke*", "blurb": "Cyril's *Commentary on the Gospel of Luke* — surviving in Syriac translation. Companion to the Johannine commentary; lectionary-style exposition." }, { "num": 228, "slug": "cyrillus-hierosol--catechetical-lectures", "title": "Catechetical Lectures — St. Cyril of Jerusalem", "words": 114135, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cyrillus-hierosol--catechetical-lectures/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cyrillus-hierosol--catechetical-lectures.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Cyril of Jerusalem — *Catechetical Lectures*", "blurb": "Cyril of Jerusalem's *Catechetical Lectures* — twenty-four lectures (the Procatechesis + 18 prebaptismal + 5 mystagogical) delivered to catechumens at the Holy Sepulchre, c. 350. The most detailed surviving early-Christian catechesis." }, { "num": 229, "slug": "cyrillus-hierosol--against-the-sabellians", "title": "Against the Sabellians — St. Cyril of Jerusalem", "words": 867, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cyrillus-hierosol--against-the-sabellians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cyrillus-hierosol--against-the-sabellians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Cyril of Jerusalem — *Against the Sabellians* (fragments)", "blurb": "Surviving fragments of Cyril's anti-Sabellian doctrinal works. Defense of distinct Trinitarian *hypostases* against the Sabellian conflation." }, { "num": 230, "slug": "dionysius-magnus--epistles-and-epistolary-fragments", "title": "Epistles and Epistolary Fragments — St. Dionysius the Great", "words": 4496, "url": "/sources/patrologia/dionysius-magnus--epistles-and-epistolary-fragments/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/dionysius-magnus--epistles-and-epistolary-fragments.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Dionysius the Great — Letters", "blurb": "Dionysius of Alexandria's surviving letters and fragments. Mid-3rd-century Alexandrian bishop; pupil of Origen. Important for the *Sabellian* and pre-Nicene Trinitarian controversies; some of his statements were later used controversially by Arians." }, { "num": 231, "slug": "dionysius-magnus--exegetical-fragments", "title": "Exegetical Fragments — St. Dionysius the Great", "words": 7806, "url": "/sources/patrologia/dionysius-magnus--exegetical-fragments/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/dionysius-magnus--exegetical-fragments.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Dionysius the Great — Exegetical Fragments", "blurb": "Surviving exegetical fragments from Dionysius of Alexandria. Important for the development of Alexandrian biblical interpretation in the generation between Origen and Athanasius." }, { "num": 232, "slug": "dionysius-magnus--miscellaneous-fragments", "title": "Miscellaneous Fragments — St. Dionysius the Great", "words": 10214, "url": "/sources/patrologia/dionysius-magnus--miscellaneous-fragments/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/dionysius-magnus--miscellaneous-fragments.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Dionysius the Great — Miscellaneous Fragments", "blurb": "Editorial gathering of miscellaneous surviving fragments of Dionysius of Alexandria." }, { "num": 233, "slug": "ephraim--nisibene-hymns", "title": "Nisibene Hymns — St. Ephrem the Syrian", "words": 92, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ephraim--nisibene-hymns/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ephraim--nisibene-hymns.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ephrem the Syrian — *Nisibene Hymns*", "blurb": "Ephrem the Syrian's *Carmina Nisibena* — hymns composed during the Persian sieges of Nisibis (340s) and the city's subsequent surrender (363). The summit of Syriac hymnography. Personifies Nisibis as the Church under siege." }, { "num": 234, "slug": "ephraim--on-the-nativity-of-christ-in-the-flesh", "title": "On the Nativity of Christ in the Flesh — St. Ephrem the Syrian", "words": 19469, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ephraim--on-the-nativity-of-christ-in-the-flesh/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ephraim--on-the-nativity-of-christ-in-the-flesh.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ephrem — *Hymns on the Nativity*", "blurb": "Ephrem's hymns on the birth of Christ. The Syriac-Christian tradition's most influential nativity-theology; the *Virgin* and *Mother* themes; the cosmic and the historical concentrically arranged." }, { "num": 235, "slug": "ephraim--for-the-feast-of-the-epiphany", "title": "For the Feast of the Epiphany — St. Ephrem the Syrian", "words": 2227, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ephraim--for-the-feast-of-the-epiphany/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ephraim--for-the-feast-of-the-epiphany.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ephrem — *Hymns on the Epiphany*", "blurb": "Ephrem's hymns for the Feast of Epiphany (Theophany) — the Syriac celebration of Christ's baptism and the manifestation of his divinity. The baptismal-typological theology fully developed." }, { "num": 236, "slug": "ephraim--on-the-faith-the-pearl", "title": "On the Faith (\"The Pearl\") — St. Ephrem the Syrian", "words": 3817, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ephraim--on-the-faith-the-pearl/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ephraim--on-the-faith-the-pearl.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ephrem — *Hymns on the Faith* / *On the Pearl*", "blurb": "Ephrem's *Hymns on the Faith* — including the famous *Hymns on the Pearl* in which the pearl serves as the central image of the Incarnate Word's hidden-and-manifest character. Ephrem's anti-Arian theology in lyrical form." }, { "num": 237, "slug": "ephraim--on-our-lord", "title": "On Our Lord — St. Ephrem the Syrian", "words": 18427, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ephraim--on-our-lord/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ephraim--on-our-lord.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ephrem — *On Our Lord* (*De Domino Nostro*)", "blurb": "Ephrem's *De Domino Nostro* — prose-poetic treatise on the work of Christ. The doctrine of redemption combining Syriac typological and Greek philosophical themes." }, { "num": 238, "slug": "ephraim--on-admonition-and-repentance", "title": "On Admonition and Repentance — St. Ephrem the Syrian", "words": 4720, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ephraim--on-admonition-and-repentance/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ephraim--on-admonition-and-repentance.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ephrem — *On Admonition and Repentance*", "blurb": "Ephrem's homiletic-pastoral works on admonition and repentance. The penitential discipline expressed in characteristic Syriac mournful imagery." }, { "num": 239, "slug": "ephraim--on-the-sinful-woman", "title": "On the Sinful Woman — St. Ephrem the Syrian", "words": 3528, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ephraim--on-the-sinful-woman/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ephraim--on-the-sinful-woman.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ephrem — *Homily on the Sinful Woman*", "blurb": "Ephrem's dramatic-homiletic treatment of the *sinful woman* of Luke 7:36-50 — the woman who washed Christ's feet with her tears. Among the most-influential of Ephrem's *memre* (homiletic poems)." }, { "num": 240, "slug": "gregorius-nazianzen--orations", "title": "Orations — St. Gregory Nazianzen", "words": 200143, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nazianzen--orations/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nazianzen--orations.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Nazianzen — Orations", "blurb": "Gregory of Nazianzus's forty-five orations, including the *Five Theological Orations* (Orations 27-31, the most influential single Trinitarian discourse of Greek patristics) and the great feast-day sermons. The summit of Greek patristic rhetoric." }, { "num": 241, "slug": "gregorius-nazianzen--letters", "title": "Letters — St. Gregory Nazianzen", "words": 80, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nazianzen--letters/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nazianzen--letters.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Nazianzen — Letters", "blurb": "Gregory's collected letters — important documentary witness to the Cappadocian theological circle (Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory Nazianzen) and to the Constantinopolitan period (380-381)." }, { "num": 242, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--a-declaration-of-faith", "title": "A Declaration of Faith — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 280, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--a-declaration-of-faith/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--a-declaration-of-faith.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — *Confession of Faith*", "blurb": "Gregory Thaumaturgus's *Confession of Faith* — reportedly received from the Apostle John in a vision. Concise pre-Nicene Trinitarian creed; one of the most influential brief doctrinal statements of the 3rd century." }, { "num": 243, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--a-metaphrase-of-the-book-of-ecclesiastes", "title": "A Metaphrase of the Book of Ecclesiastes — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 7918, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--a-metaphrase-of-the-book-of-ecclesiastes/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--a-metaphrase-of-the-book-of-ecclesiastes.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — *Metaphrase of Ecclesiastes*", "blurb": "Gregory's paraphrase of Ecclesiastes — clarifying the Hebrew-Greek wisdom-book in more accessible Greek prose. Important early Christian engagement with Ecclesiastes." }, { "num": 244, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--canonical-epistle", "title": "Canonical Epistle — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 1746, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--canonical-epistle/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--canonical-epistle.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — Canonical Epistle", "blurb": "Gregory's *Canonical Epistle* on the disciplinary handling of Christians who, under the Gothic invasions, committed various sins (looting, killing, abandoning the faith). Influential early-canonical discipline document." }, { "num": 245, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--the-oration-and-panegyric-addressed-to-origen", "title": "The Oration and Panegyric Addressed to Origen — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 15678, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--the-oration-and-panegyric-addressed-to-origen/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--the-oration-and-panegyric-addressed-to-origen.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — *Panegyric to Origen*", "blurb": "Gregory's farewell *Panegyric to Origen* — moving testimony to his teacher's pedagogical method. Important witness to the curriculum and atmosphere of Origen's Caesarean school." }, { "num": 246, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--a-sectional-confession-of-faith", "title": "A Sectional Confession of Faith — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 6050, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--a-sectional-confession-of-faith/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--a-sectional-confession-of-faith.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — Sectional Confession of Faith", "blurb": "A doctrinal confession of faith of disputed attribution to Gregory. Preserved in the Gregorian corpus." }, { "num": 247, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--on-the-trinity", "title": "On the Trinity — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 1125, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--on-the-trinity/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--on-the-trinity.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — *On the Trinity*", "blurb": "Surviving Trinitarian fragments. Of disputed attribution; included in the Gregorian corpus." }, { "num": 248, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--twelve-topics-on-the-faith", "title": "Twelve Topics on the Faith — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 2494, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--twelve-topics-on-the-faith/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--twelve-topics-on-the-faith.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — *Twelve Topics on the Faith*", "blurb": "Twelve brief topics on points of Christian doctrine. Of disputed attribution but transmitted with the Gregorian corpus." }, { "num": 249, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--on-the-subject-of-the-soul", "title": "On the Subject of the Soul — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 2351, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--on-the-subject-of-the-soul/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--on-the-subject-of-the-soul.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — *On the Soul*", "blurb": "Treatise on the soul attributed to Gregory. Anthropological-philosophical discussion in the Origen-influenced Caesarean tradition." }, { "num": 250, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--four-homilies", "title": "Four Homilies — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 12609, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--four-homilies/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--four-homilies.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — Four Homilies", "blurb": "Four surviving homilies attributed to Gregory. Festal homilies (Annunciation, Theophany) of the kind attributed to many 3rd-4th-century preachers." }, { "num": 251, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--on-all-the-saints", "title": "On All the Saints — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 1094, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--on-all-the-saints/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--on-all-the-saints.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — *On All the Saints*", "blurb": "Homily on all the saints attributed to Gregory." }, { "num": 252, "slug": "gregorius-thaumat--on-matthew-6-22-23", "title": "On Matthew 6:22-23 — St. Gregory Thaumaturgus", "words": 305, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--on-matthew-6-22-23/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-thaumat--on-matthew-6-22-23.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory Thaumaturgus — Homily on Matthew 6:22-23", "blurb": "Homily on the *light of the body is the eye* passage. Attributed to Gregory; preserved in the Caesarean exegetical tradition." }, { "num": 253, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--against-eunomius", "title": "Against Eunomius — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 189032, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--against-eunomius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--against-eunomius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *Against Eunomius*", "blurb": "Gregory of Nyssa's massive twelve-book *Contra Eunomium* — the principal Cappadocian refutation of the radical Arian theologian Eunomius. Foundation-text of the *infinite divine essence* doctrine and the apophatic dimension of Cappadocian theology." }, { "num": 254, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--answer-to-eunomius-second-book", "title": "Answer to Eunomius' Second Book — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 60872, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--answer-to-eunomius-second-book/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--answer-to-eunomius-second-book.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *Answer to Eunomius's Second Book*", "blurb": "Continuation of the anti-Eunomian campaign. Refutation of Eunomius's second book in particular detail." }, { "num": 255, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--on-the-holy-spirit-against-the-followers-of-macedonius", "title": "On the Holy Spirit (Against the Followers of Macedonius) — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 9547, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-holy-spirit-against-the-followers-of-macedonius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-holy-spirit-against-the-followers-of-macedonius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *On the Holy Spirit* (against the Macedonians)", "blurb": "Gregory's treatise on the Holy Spirit against the *Pneumatomachi* (Macedonians) — those who denied the Spirit's full divinity. Completes Basil's *De Spiritu Sancto* in the Cappadocian pneumatological synthesis." }, { "num": 256, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--on-the-holy-trinity-and-of-the-godhead-of-the-holy-spirit-to-eus", "title": "On the Holy Trinity, and of the Godhead of the Holy Spirit (To Eustathius) — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 3687, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-holy-trinity-and-of-the-godhead-of-the-holy-spirit-to-eus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-holy-trinity-and-of-the-godhead-of-the-holy-spirit-to-eus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *On the Holy Trinity* (to Eustathius)", "blurb": "Gregory's letter to Eustathius on the Holy Trinity. Concise summary of the Cappadocian Trinitarian doctrine." }, { "num": 257, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--on-not-three-gods-to-ablabius", "title": "On \"Not Three Gods\" (To Ablabius) — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 5657, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-not-three-gods-to-ablabius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-not-three-gods-to-ablabius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *That There Are Not Three Gods* (to Ablabius)", "blurb": "Gregory's famous letter *Ad Ablabium* — *Quod non sint tres dii*. Refutation of the charge that Cappadocian Trinitarianism implies tritheism. The classical Cappadocian formulation: one *ousia*, three *hypostaseis*, all acting as one undivided agent." }, { "num": 258, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--on-the-faith-to-simplicius", "title": "On the Faith (To Simplicius) — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 2084, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-faith-to-simplicius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-faith-to-simplicius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *On the Faith* (to Simplicius)", "blurb": "Gregory's letter to Simplicius on the faith. Brief doctrinal summary." }, { "num": 259, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--on-virginity", "title": "On Virginity — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 24844, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-virginity/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-virginity.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *On Virginity*", "blurb": "Gregory's *De Virginitate* — treatise on consecrated virginity. The Cappadocian-monastic synthesis on the higher religious life; balances with Gregory's own married state." }, { "num": 260, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--on-infants-early-deaths", "title": "On Infants' Early Deaths — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 8673, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-infants-early-deaths/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-infants-early-deaths.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *On Infants' Early Deaths*", "blurb": "Gregory's pastoral-philosophical reflection on the early deaths of infants. Argues that they are not penalized; God's providence accounts for them in the larger economy of salvation." }, { "num": 261, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--on-pilgrimages", "title": "On Pilgrimages — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 1629, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-pilgrimages/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-pilgrimages.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *On Pilgrimages*", "blurb": "Gregory's surprisingly skeptical letter on pilgrimages to Jerusalem. The dangers of travel and the irrelevance of geographical location to spiritual benefit. A minority patristic voice on the question." }, { "num": 262, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--on-the-making-of-man", "title": "On the Making of Man — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 6457, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-making-of-man/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-making-of-man.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *De Hominis Opificio*", "blurb": "Gregory's *On the Making of Man* — continuation of Basil's *Hexaemeron* covering the creation of humanity in particular. Foundational Greek patristic anthropology; influential through Maximus Confessor and into the wider Greek tradition." }, { "num": 263, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--on-the-soul-and-the-resurrection", "title": "On the Soul and the Resurrection — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 32101, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-soul-and-the-resurrection/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-soul-and-the-resurrection.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *On the Soul and the Resurrection*", "blurb": "Gregory's *Dialogue on the Soul and the Resurrection* — set at the deathbed of his sister Macrina (the *Phaedo* of Christianity, in Gregory Westerhoff's phrase). The philosophical dialogue on the soul's immortality and the bodily resurrection. One of the masterpieces of Greek patristic philosophy." }, { "num": 264, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--the-great-catechism", "title": "The Great Catechism — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 28875, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--the-great-catechism/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--the-great-catechism.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *Oratio Catechetica Magna*", "blurb": "Gregory's *Great Catechetical Oration* — systematic Christian apologetic for use by catechists. Treats Trinity, Christology, sacraments, eschatology in compact dialectical form. Among the most influential Cappadocian works on subsequent Greek theological synthesis." }, { "num": 265, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--funeral-oration-on-meletius", "title": "Funeral Oration on Meletius — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 3671, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--funeral-oration-on-meletius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--funeral-oration-on-meletius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — Funeral Oration on Meletius", "blurb": "Gregory's funeral oration on Meletius of Antioch, who died at the Council of Constantinople (381). Important documentary witness to the closing moments of the council." }, { "num": 266, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--on-the-baptism-of-christ-sermon-for-the-day-of-lights", "title": "On the Baptism of Christ (Sermon for the Day of Lights) — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 6218, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-baptism-of-christ-sermon-for-the-day-of-lights/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--on-the-baptism-of-christ-sermon-for-the-day-of-lights.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — *On the Baptism of Christ*", "blurb": "Gregory's sermon for the Theophany (Day of Lights) — the eastern Feast of the Baptism of Christ. Baptismal-Trinitarian theology in homiletic form." }, { "num": 267, "slug": "gregorius-nyssen--letters", "title": "Letters — St. Gregory of Nyssa", "words": 18733, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--letters/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-nyssen--letters.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory of Nyssa — Letters", "blurb": "Gregory's collected letters — important documentary witness to his life, friendships (Basil, Gregory Nazianzen), and the theological controversies of his time." }, { "num": 268, "slug": "gregorius-magnus--moralia-in-iob", "title": "Morals on the Book of Job — St. Gregory the Great", "words": 758065, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-magnus--moralia-in-iob/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-magnus--moralia-in-iob.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory the Great — *Moralia in Iob*", "blurb": "Gregory the Great's thirty-five-book *Morals on Job* — the foundational Western medieval commentary on Job. Three levels of interpretation (literal, allegorical, moral); shaped western monastic and scholastic exegesis for a millennium." }, { "num": 269, "slug": "gregorius-magnus--pastoral-rule", "title": "Pastoral Rule — St. Gregory the Great", "words": 65845, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-magnus--pastoral-rule/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-magnus--pastoral-rule.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory the Great — *Regula Pastoralis*", "blurb": "Gregory the Great's *Pastoral Rule* (590) — the foundational Western treatise on the office of bishop and pastor. Four parts: the call to pastoral office, the pastor's character, the methods of preaching to different conditions, the pastor's self-knowledge. Required reading for bishops throughout medieval Christendom." }, { "num": 270, "slug": "gregorius-magnus--register-of-letters", "title": "Register of Letters — St. Gregory the Great", "words": 251803, "url": "/sources/patrologia/gregorius-magnus--register-of-letters/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/gregorius-magnus--register-of-letters.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Gregory the Great — *Register of Letters*", "blurb": "Gregory's massive *Register* of papal letters (590-604) — ~850 letters of pastoral, administrative, and diplomatic correspondence. The most extensive surviving early-medieval epistolary corpus; foundational document of papal administration." }, { "num": 271, "slug": "hilarius--on-the-councils-or-the-faith-of-the-easterns", "title": "On the Councils, or the Faith of the Easterns — St. Hilary of Poitiers", "words": 25245, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hilarius--on-the-councils-or-the-faith-of-the-easterns/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hilarius--on-the-councils-or-the-faith-of-the-easterns.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Hilary of Poitiers — *De Synodis*", "blurb": "Hilary of Poitiers's *De Synodis* — analysis of the various eastern semi-Arian creeds. Argues that several of them, despite avoiding *homoousios*, intend the same orthodox meaning. Important irenic step in the eastern reception of Nicaea." }, { "num": 272, "slug": "hilarius--on-the-trinity", "title": "On the Trinity — St. Hilary of Poitiers", "words": 185516, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hilarius--on-the-trinity/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hilarius--on-the-trinity.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Hilary of Poitiers — *De Trinitate*", "blurb": "Hilary's twelve-book *De Trinitate* — the principal Latin pre-Augustinian Trinitarian treatise. Composed largely in eastern exile (356-360) using Greek sources directly. Mediated Nicene theology into the Latin West before Ambrose and Augustine." }, { "num": 273, "slug": "hilarius--homilies-on-the-psalms", "title": "Homilies on the Psalms — St. Hilary of Poitiers", "words": 12624, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hilarius--homilies-on-the-psalms/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hilarius--homilies-on-the-psalms.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Hilary of Poitiers — *Tractatus super Psalmos*", "blurb": "Hilary's *Homilies on the Psalms* — Latin counterpart to Origen's Greek Psalter-commentary. Influential on later Latin Psalter-exegesis." }, { "num": 274, "slug": "hippolytus--the-refutation-of-all-heresies", "title": "The Refutation of All Heresies — St. Hippolytus of Rome", "words": 108172, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--the-refutation-of-all-heresies/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--the-refutation-of-all-heresies.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Hippolytus — *Refutation of All Heresies*", "blurb": "Hippolytus's *Refutation of All Heresies* (*Philosophumena*) — ten-book heresiological survey, particularly valuable for its detailed exposition of Gnostic systems (book V on the *Naassenes* especially). The most important surviving early-3rd-century anti-Gnostic work." }, { "num": 275, "slug": "hippolytus--some-exegetical-fragments-of-hippolytus", "title": "Some Exegetical Fragments of Hippolytus — St. Hippolytus of Rome", "words": 26769, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--some-exegetical-fragments-of-hippolytus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--some-exegetical-fragments-of-hippolytus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Hippolytus — exegetical fragments", "blurb": "Surviving exegetical fragments of Hippolytus's biblical commentaries — Daniel, Song of Songs, etc. The first systematic Latin commentaries on biblical books." }, { "num": 276, "slug": "hippolytus--expository-treatise-against-the-jews", "title": "Expository Treatise Against the Jews — St. Hippolytus of Rome", "words": 1841, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--expository-treatise-against-the-jews/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--expository-treatise-against-the-jews.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Hippolytus — *Demonstration Against the Jews*", "blurb": "Hippolytus's *Demonstratio adversus Judaeos*. Standard early-3rd-century Christian-Jewish polemic; argues from Hebrew scripture to the Messiahship of Jesus." }, { "num": 277, "slug": "hippolytus--against-plato-on-the-cause-of-the-universe", "title": "Against Plato, On the Cause of the Universe — St. Hippolytus of Rome", "words": 1556, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--against-plato-on-the-cause-of-the-universe/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--against-plato-on-the-cause-of-the-universe.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Hippolytus — *Against Plato on the Cause of the Universe*", "blurb": "Surviving fragment of Hippolytus's treatise against Plato's cosmology. Argues for the Christian creation-doctrine against the Platonist eternal-cosmos." }, { "num": 278, "slug": "hippolytus--against-the-heresy-of-noetus", "title": "Against the Heresy of Noetus — St. Hippolytus of Rome", "words": 6432, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--against-the-heresy-of-noetus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--against-the-heresy-of-noetus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Hippolytus — *Against the Heresy of Noetus*", "blurb": "Hippolytus's refutation of the early Modalist Noetus. Important early witness to the pre-Sabellian Modalist controversy." }, { "num": 279, "slug": "hippolytus--discourse-on-the-holy-theophany", "title": "Discourse on the Holy Theophany — St. Hippolytus of Rome", "words": 2743, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--discourse-on-the-holy-theophany/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--discourse-on-the-holy-theophany.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Hippolytus — *Discourse on the Holy Theophany*", "blurb": "Sermon for the feast of Theophany attributed to Hippolytus. Important early witness to the eastern Theophany liturgy." }, { "num": 280, "slug": "hippolytus--the-antichrist", "title": "The Antichrist — St. Hippolytus of Rome", "words": 13856, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--the-antichrist/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--the-antichrist.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Hippolytus — *De Antichristo*", "blurb": "Hippolytus's *On the Antichrist* — early systematic Christian eschatology focused on the figure of the Antichrist. The schema (Antichrist's origin in the tribe of Dan, his rise, his persecution, his defeat at Christ's parousia) shaped later patristic and medieval eschatology." }, { "num": 281, "slug": "hippolytus--the-end-of-the-world-pseudonymous", "title": "The End of the World (Pseudonymous) — St. Hippolytus of Rome", "words": 10919, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--the-end-of-the-world-pseudonymous/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--the-end-of-the-world-pseudonymous.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Hippolytus — *On the End of the World*", "blurb": "Pseudonymous eschatological treatise attributed to Hippolytus." }, { "num": 282, "slug": "hippolytus--the-apostles-and-the-disciples-pseudonymous", "title": "The Apostles and the Disciples (Pseudonymous) — St. Hippolytus of Rome", "words": 701, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--the-apostles-and-the-disciples-pseudonymous/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hippolytus--the-apostles-and-the-disciples-pseudonymous.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Hippolytus — *On the Apostles and the Disciples*", "blurb": "Pseudonymous treatise on the apostles and the seventy disciples (Luke 10:1) attributed to Hippolytus. Lists names and missions; of disputed authenticity but transmitted in the Hippolytan corpus." }, { "num": 283, "slug": "ignatius--epistle-to-the-ephesians", "title": "Epistle to the Ephesians — St. Ignatius of Antioch", "words": 2851, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-ephesians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-ephesians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ignatius — *To the Ephesians*", "blurb": "Ignatius of Antioch's first letter (c. 110). Written en route to martyrdom at Rome. Warns against false teachers; exhorts unity with the bishop. The earliest substantial witness to the threefold ministry (bishop, presbyters, deacons)." }, { "num": 284, "slug": "ignatius--epistle-to-the-magnesians", "title": "Epistle to the Magnesians — St. Ignatius of Antioch", "words": 1606, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-magnesians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-magnesians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ignatius — *To the Magnesians*", "blurb": "Ignatius's letter to the church at Magnesia. Continues the themes of unity around the bishop; warns against *Judaizing* tendencies." }, { "num": 285, "slug": "ignatius--epistle-to-the-trallians", "title": "Epistle to the Trallians — St. Ignatius of Antioch", "words": 1483, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-trallians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-trallians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ignatius — *To the Trallians*", "blurb": "Ignatius's letter to Trallian Christians. The unity-around-bishop theme continues; the dignity of the threefold ministry articulated." }, { "num": 286, "slug": "ignatius--epistle-to-the-romans", "title": "Epistle to the Romans — St. Ignatius of Antioch", "words": 1707, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-romans/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-romans.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ignatius — *To the Romans*", "blurb": "Ignatius's letter to the church at Rome — the longest and most personal of his seven letters. Pleads with the Roman Christians not to intervene to save him from martyrdom: *I am the wheat of God, and let me be ground by the teeth of the wild beasts, that I may be found pure bread of Christ*." }, { "num": 287, "slug": "ignatius--epistle-to-the-philadelphians", "title": "Epistle to the Philadelphians — St. Ignatius of Antioch", "words": 1460, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-philadelphians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-philadelphians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ignatius — *To the Philadelphians*", "blurb": "Ignatius's letter to the church at Philadelphia. Continues the themes of unity; addresses local divisions." }, { "num": 288, "slug": "ignatius--epistle-to-the-smyrn-aelig-ans", "title": "Epistle to the Smyrnæans — St. Ignatius of Antioch", "words": 1808, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-smyrn-aelig-ans/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-the-smyrn-aelig-ans.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ignatius — *To the Smyrnaeans*", "blurb": "Ignatius's letter to the church at Smyrna. Anti-Docetic Christology: Christ's real flesh, real suffering, real death. The earliest occurrence of the term *katholikē ekklēsia* — Catholic Church." }, { "num": 289, "slug": "ignatius--epistle-to-polycarp", "title": "Epistle to Polycarp — St. Ignatius of Antioch", "words": 1330, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-polycarp/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ignatius--epistle-to-polycarp.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ignatius — *To Polycarp*", "blurb": "Ignatius's personal letter to Polycarp of Smyrna, the young bishop Ignatius would soon leave behind. Pastoral counsel; encouragement; the steady-bishop image." }, { "num": 290, "slug": "ignatius--the-martyrdom-of-ignatius", "title": "The Martyrdom of Ignatius — St. Ignatius of Antioch", "words": 2059, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ignatius--the-martyrdom-of-ignatius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ignatius--the-martyrdom-of-ignatius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Martyrdom of Ignatius", "blurb": "Account of Ignatius's martyrdom at Rome (c. 110-117). Of disputed authenticity but transmitted with the Ignatian corpus." }, { "num": 291, "slug": "ignatius--the-spurious-epistles", "title": "The Spurious Epistles — St. Ignatius of Antioch", "words": 10609, "url": "/sources/patrologia/ignatius--the-spurious-epistles/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/ignatius--the-spurious-epistles.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Ignatius — Spurious Epistles (later expansions)", "blurb": "The longer recension of the Ignatian corpus — 4th-century expansions and additional letters interpolated into the genuine seven. Of historical interest as witnesses to later Arianising-or-similar tendencies." }, { "num": 292, "slug": "irenaeus--adversus-haereses", "title": "Adversus haereses — St. Irenaeus of Lyons", "words": 228947, "url": "/sources/patrologia/irenaeus--adversus-haereses/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/irenaeus--adversus-haereses.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Irenaeus of Lyons — *Adversus Haereses*", "blurb": "Irenaeus's five-book *Against Heresies* (c. 180) — the foundational catholic refutation of Gnosticism. Establishes the rule of faith, apostolic succession, the unity of Old and New Testaments, the goodness of creation. The most important single anti-Gnostic work; foundation-text of catholic theology." }, { "num": 293, "slug": "irenaeus--fragments-from-the-lost-writings-of-irenaeus", "title": "Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeus — St. Irenaeus of Lyons", "words": 8110, "url": "/sources/patrologia/irenaeus--fragments-from-the-lost-writings-of-irenaeus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/irenaeus--fragments-from-the-lost-writings-of-irenaeus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Irenaeus — fragments of lost writings", "blurb": "Surviving fragments of Irenaeus's lost works — preserved in Eusebius, the Catenas, and other later sources. Important supplementary material." }, { "num": 294, "slug": "hieronymus--letters", "title": "Letters — St. Jerome", "words": 274748, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--letters/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--letters.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *Epistulae*", "blurb": "Jerome's ~150 collected letters — the most extensive Latin Christian epistolary corpus. To Augustine, to monks, to aristocratic Roman women, to disciples and adversaries alike. Of high historical, theological, and ascetic-instructional importance." }, { "num": 295, "slug": "hieronymus--the-perpetual-virginity-of-blessed-mary", "title": "The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary — St. Jerome", "words": 10915, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--the-perpetual-virginity-of-blessed-mary/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--the-perpetual-virginity-of-blessed-mary.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *De Perpetua Virginitate Mariae*", "blurb": "Jerome's defense of Mary's perpetual virginity against Helvidius. Establishes the standard patristic interpretation of the *brothers of the Lord* as cousins or stepbrothers; foundation-text of the Mariological tradition." }, { "num": 296, "slug": "hieronymus--to-pammachius-against-john-of-jerusalem", "title": "To Pammachius Against John of Jerusalem — St. Jerome", "words": 22803, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--to-pammachius-against-john-of-jerusalem/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--to-pammachius-against-john-of-jerusalem.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *To Pammachius against John of Jerusalem*", "blurb": "Jerome's polemic against John, bishop of Jerusalem, in the Origenist controversy. Refines the anti-Origenist position; documents the break with John." }, { "num": 297, "slug": "hieronymus--the-dialogue-against-the-luciferians", "title": "The Dialogue Against the Luciferians — St. Jerome", "words": 14110, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--the-dialogue-against-the-luciferians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--the-dialogue-against-the-luciferians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *Dialogue against the Luciferians*", "blurb": "Jerome's dialogue against the followers of the rigorist Lucifer of Cagliari, who refused to receive back into communion bishops who had compromised under Arian pressure." }, { "num": 298, "slug": "hieronymus--the-life-of-malchus-the-captive-monk", "title": "The Life of Malchus, the Captive Monk — St. Jerome", "words": 3489, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--the-life-of-malchus-the-captive-monk/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--the-life-of-malchus-the-captive-monk.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *Life of Malchus*", "blurb": "Jerome's biographical *Life of Malchus the Captive Monk*. Hagiographic-romantic narrative of the desert monk Malchus, captured by Saracens and miraculously preserved in chastity." }, { "num": 299, "slug": "hieronymus--the-life-of-s-hilarion", "title": "The Life of S. Hilarion — St. Jerome", "words": 11578, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--the-life-of-s-hilarion/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--the-life-of-s-hilarion.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *Life of St Hilarion*", "blurb": "Jerome's *Life of Hilarion* — the introducer of monasticism to Palestine. Companion-piece to the *Life of Antony* in the foundation of Latin monastic hagiography." }, { "num": 300, "slug": "hieronymus--the-life-of-paulus-the-first-hermit", "title": "The Life of Paulus the First Hermit — St. Jerome", "words": 3988, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--the-life-of-paulus-the-first-hermit/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--the-life-of-paulus-the-first-hermit.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *Life of Paul the First Hermit*", "blurb": "Jerome's *Life of Paul of Thebes* — *the first hermit*, in Jerome's framing prior to Antony. Establishes the tradition of the Theban desert as the original site of Christian eremitic monasticism." }, { "num": 301, "slug": "hieronymus--against-jovinianus", "title": "Against Jovinianus — St. Jerome", "words": 63631, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--against-jovinianus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--against-jovinianus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *Adversus Jovinianum*", "blurb": "Jerome's vehement *Against Jovinian*. Defends the higher status of virginity against Jovinian's claim that marriage and virginity are of equal merit. The most aggressive Latin patristic ascetic polemic; even Jerome's friends found it intemperate." }, { "num": 302, "slug": "hieronymus--against-vigilantius", "title": "Against Vigilantius — St. Jerome", "words": 6583, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--against-vigilantius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--against-vigilantius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *Against Vigilantius*", "blurb": "Jerome's *Contra Vigilantium*. Defends the veneration of relics, the cult of martyrs, and the practice of nocturnal vigils against the Gallic priest Vigilantius's criticisms. Important for the developing Western relic-cult theology." }, { "num": 303, "slug": "hieronymus--against-the-pelagians", "title": "Against the Pelagians — St. Jerome", "words": 32735, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--against-the-pelagians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--against-the-pelagians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *Dialogus contra Pelagianos*", "blurb": "Jerome's *Dialogue against the Pelagians*. Joins Augustine in the anti-Pelagian polemic; Jerome's particular emphasis on the impossibility of present-life sinlessness." }, { "num": 304, "slug": "hieronymus--prefaces", "title": "Prefaces — St. Jerome", "words": 4541, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--prefaces/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--prefaces.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — Prefaces to translations", "blurb": "Jerome's collected prefaces to his Vulgate-translation and other biblical works. Of major importance for the history of the Vulgate, the canon, and patristic biblical scholarship." }, { "num": 305, "slug": "hieronymus--de-viris-illustribus-illustrious-men", "title": "De Viris Illustribus (Illustrious Men) — St. Jerome", "words": 16381, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--de-viris-illustribus-illustrious-men/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--de-viris-illustribus-illustrious-men.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *De Viris Illustribus*", "blurb": "Jerome's *On Illustrious Men* (393) — bio-bibliographical catalogue of Christian authors from the apostles through his own contemporaries. The foundational text of Latin Christian patrology." }, { "num": 306, "slug": "hieronymus--apology-for-himself-against-the-books-of-rufinus", "title": "Apology for himself against the Books of Rufinus — St. Jerome", "words": 53358, "url": "/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--apology-for-himself-against-the-books-of-rufinus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/hieronymus--apology-for-himself-against-the-books-of-rufinus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Jerome — *Apologia contra Rufinum*", "blurb": "Jerome's *Apology against Rufinus*. The decisive polemic that ended the long friendship and inaugurated the bitter dispute over Origen-translation and Origenism." }, { "num": 307, "slug": "cassianus--institutes", "title": "Institutes — St. John Cassian", "words": 72447, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cassianus--institutes/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cassianus--institutes.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Cassian — *Institutes*", "blurb": "Cassian's *Institutes* (c. 420) — twelve books on the external practices of cenobitic monastic life (dress, food, prayer, work, and the eight principal vices). Foundational for Western monasticism; directly influential on the *Rule of St Benedict*." }, { "num": 308, "slug": "cassianus--conferences", "title": "Conferences — St. John Cassian", "words": 208686, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cassianus--conferences/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cassianus--conferences.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Cassian — *Conferences*", "blurb": "Cassian's *Conferences* (*Collationes*) — twenty-four spiritual dialogues with the great Egyptian desert abbas. The doctrinal-spiritual companion to the *Institutes*. The single most influential monastic-formation text of the Western Middle Ages." }, { "num": 309, "slug": "cassianus--on-the-incarnation-of-the-lord-against-nestorius", "title": "On the Incarnation of the Lord (Against Nestorius) — St. John Cassian", "words": 62279, "url": "/sources/patrologia/cassianus--on-the-incarnation-of-the-lord-against-nestorius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/cassianus--on-the-incarnation-of-the-lord-against-nestorius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Cassian — *De Incarnatione Domini*", "blurb": "Cassian's anti-Nestorian *On the Incarnation of the Lord* (c. 429). Western contribution to the Christological controversy; influential on the Latin reception of Cyril of Alexandria." }, { "num": 310, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-gospel-of-st-matthew", "title": "Homilies on the Gospel of St. Matthew — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 457826, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-gospel-of-st-matthew/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-gospel-of-st-matthew.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on Matthew*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's ninety homilies on the Gospel of Matthew — the most extensive surviving patristic Matthew-commentary. Pastoral-moral exposition characteristic of the Antiochene exegetical school." }, { "num": 311, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-acts", "title": "Homilies on Acts — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 253997, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-acts/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-acts.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on Acts*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's fifty-five homilies on Acts. Preached at Constantinople; pastoral-moral exposition." }, { "num": 312, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-romans", "title": "Homilies on Romans — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 204652, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-romans/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-romans.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on Romans*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's thirty-two homilies on Romans — considered by many his exegetical masterpiece. Antiochene-grammatical reading; pastoral-moral application throughout." }, { "num": 313, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-first-corinthians", "title": "Homilies on First Corinthians — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 255913, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-first-corinthians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-first-corinthians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on 1 Corinthians*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's forty-four homilies on 1 Corinthians." }, { "num": 314, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-second-corinthians", "title": "Homilies on Second Corinthians — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 137125, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-second-corinthians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-second-corinthians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on 2 Corinthians*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's thirty homilies on 2 Corinthians." }, { "num": 315, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-ephesians", "title": "Homilies on Ephesians — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 114914, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-ephesians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-ephesians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on Ephesians*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's twenty-four homilies on Ephesians. Includes the famous Homily 20 on the household codes and the spousal-mutual-subjection." }, { "num": 316, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-philippians", "title": "Homilies on Philippians — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 71740, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-philippians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-philippians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on Philippians*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's fifteen homilies on Philippians." }, { "num": 317, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-colossians", "title": "Homilies on Colossians — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 59686, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-colossians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-colossians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on Colossians*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's twelve homilies on Colossians." }, { "num": 318, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-first-thessalonians", "title": "Homilies on First Thessalonians — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 49322, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-first-thessalonians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-first-thessalonians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on 1 Thessalonians*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's eleven homilies on 1 Thessalonians." }, { "num": 319, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-second-thessalonians", "title": "Homilies on Second Thessalonians — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 20535, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-second-thessalonians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-second-thessalonians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on 2 Thessalonians*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's five homilies on 2 Thessalonians, including the famous Homily 4 on the *man of lawlessness*." }, { "num": 320, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-first-timothy", "title": "Homilies on First Timothy — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 61854, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-first-timothy/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-first-timothy.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on 1 Timothy*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's eighteen homilies on 1 Timothy." }, { "num": 321, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-second-timothy", "title": "Homilies on Second Timothy — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 41273, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-second-timothy/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-second-timothy.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on 2 Timothy*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's ten homilies on 2 Timothy." }, { "num": 322, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-titus", "title": "Homilies on Titus — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 23105, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-titus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-titus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on Titus*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's six homilies on Titus." }, { "num": 323, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-philemon", "title": "Homilies on Philemon — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 11646, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-philemon/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-philemon.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on Philemon*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's three homilies on Philemon — surprisingly substantial given the brevity of the letter." }, { "num": 324, "slug": "chrysostomus--commentary-on-galatians", "title": "Commentary on Galatians — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 41525, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--commentary-on-galatians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--commentary-on-galatians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Commentary on Galatians*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's *Commentary on Galatians* — distinct from the homily-series in being more systematic-exegetical." }, { "num": 325, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-gospel-of-john", "title": "Homilies on the Gospel of John — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 292765, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-gospel-of-john/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-gospel-of-john.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on John*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's eighty-eight homilies on John. Combines doctrinal Christology with pastoral-moral exhortation; the Antiochene exegetical style applied to the Fourth Gospel." }, { "num": 326, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-epistle-to-the-hebrews", "title": "Homilies on the Epistle to the Hebrews — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 146850, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-epistle-to-the-hebrews/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-epistle-to-the-hebrews.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on Hebrews*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's thirty-four homilies on Hebrews — preached probably at Constantinople. Important for the Antiochene reading of Hebrews." }, { "num": 327, "slug": "chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-statues", "title": "Homilies on the Statues — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 137124, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-statues/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homilies-on-the-statues.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homilies on the Statues*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's twenty-one *Homilies on the Statues* — preached at Antioch in 387 during the crisis following the riot in which the imperial statues were toppled. Documents Antioch's terror at imperial reprisal and the political role of Chrysostom's preaching." }, { "num": 328, "slug": "chrysostomus--no-one-can-harm-the-man-who-does-not-injure-himself", "title": "No One Can Harm the Man Who Does Not Injure Himself — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 11938, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--no-one-can-harm-the-man-who-does-not-injure-himself/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--no-one-can-harm-the-man-who-does-not-injure-himself.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *No One Can Harm Him Who Does Not Injure Himself*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's treatise on the inviolability of the inner soul. Written during his exile (c. 407): no external evil can touch the man who does not consent to evil himself." }, { "num": 329, "slug": "chrysostomus--two-letters-to-theodore-after-his-fall", "title": "Two Letters to Theodore After His Fall — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 21232, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--two-letters-to-theodore-after-his-fall/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--two-letters-to-theodore-after-his-fall.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Two Letters to Theodore After his Fall*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's two letters to his friend Theodore of Mopsuestia (the future bishop) urging him back from a moment of monastic-vocational doubt. Of high biographical and pastoral interest." }, { "num": 330, "slug": "chrysostomus--letter-to-a-young-widow", "title": "Letter to a Young Widow — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 6829, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--letter-to-a-young-widow/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--letter-to-a-young-widow.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Letter to a Young Widow*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's pastoral letter to a young widow. The dignity of the widowed state; consolation in grief." }, { "num": 331, "slug": "chrysostomus--homily-on-st-ignatius", "title": "Homily on St. Ignatius — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 5365, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-on-st-ignatius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-on-st-ignatius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homily on St Ignatius*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's homily on Ignatius of Antioch. Important for the early-5th-century cult of the apostolic fathers." }, { "num": 332, "slug": "chrysostomus--homily-on-st-babylas", "title": "Homily on St. Babylas — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 2864, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-on-st-babylas/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-on-st-babylas.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homily on St Babylas*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's homily on Babylas, the martyred bishop of Antioch. Important documentary witness to early-Antiochene martyr-cult." }, { "num": 333, "slug": "chrysostomus--homily-concerning-lowliness-of-mind", "title": "Homily Concerning \"Lowliness of Mind\" — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 6401, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-concerning-lowliness-of-mind/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-concerning-lowliness-of-mind.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homily on Lowliness of Mind*", "blurb": "Chrysostom on humility as the foundation of Christian virtue." }, { "num": 334, "slug": "chrysostomus--instructions-to-catechumens", "title": "Instructions to Catechumens — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 7320, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--instructions-to-catechumens/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--instructions-to-catechumens.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Instructions to Catechumens*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's twelve baptismal catechetical instructions discovered (in the *Stavronikita series*) in 1955. Important documentary witness to late-4th-century Antiochene baptismal catechesis." }, { "num": 335, "slug": "chrysostomus--three-homilies-on-the-power-of-satan", "title": "Three Homilies on the Power of Satan — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 13383, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--three-homilies-on-the-power-of-satan/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--three-homilies-on-the-power-of-satan.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Three Homilies on the Power of Satan*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's three homilies on the limits of Satan's power. Pastoral assurance combined with moral exhortation." }, { "num": 336, "slug": "chrysostomus--homily-on-the-passage-father-if-it-be-possible", "title": "Homily on the Passage \"Father, if it be possible . . .\" — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 5736, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-on-the-passage-father-if-it-be-possible/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-on-the-passage-father-if-it-be-possible.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homily on 'Father, if it be possible'*", "blurb": "Chrysostom on Christ's Gethsemane prayer (Matt 26:39). The Christological question of Christ's human will and its conformity to the divine." }, { "num": 337, "slug": "chrysostomus--homily-on-the-paralytic-lowered-through-the-roof", "title": "Homily on the Paralytic Lowered Through the Roof — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 9301, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-on-the-paralytic-lowered-through-the-roof/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-on-the-paralytic-lowered-through-the-roof.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homily on the Paralytic*", "blurb": "Chrysostom on the paralytic lowered through the roof (Mark 2). Faith and friendship — the paralytic was healed because of his friends' faith." }, { "num": 338, "slug": "chrysostomus--homily-on-the-passage-if-your-enemy-hunger-feed-him", "title": "Homily on the Passage \"If your enemy hunger, feed him.\" — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 8904, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-on-the-passage-if-your-enemy-hunger-feed-him/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-on-the-passage-if-your-enemy-hunger-feed-him.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homily on 'If your enemy hunger, feed him'*", "blurb": "Chrysostom on Romans 12:20. The discipline of love toward enemies." }, { "num": 339, "slug": "chrysostomus--homily-against-publishing-the-errors-of-the-brethren", "title": "Homily Against Publishing the Errors of the Brethren — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 6293, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-against-publishing-the-errors-of-the-brethren/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--homily-against-publishing-the-errors-of-the-brethren.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Homily against Publishing the Errors of the Brethren*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's homily against scandal-mongering against fellow Christians. The reserve appropriate to fraternal correction." }, { "num": 340, "slug": "chrysostomus--first-homily-on-eutropius", "title": "First Homily on Eutropius — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 3064, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--first-homily-on-eutropius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--first-homily-on-eutropius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *First Homily on Eutropius*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's homily delivered when the fallen eunuch Eutropius took sanctuary in Chrysostom's cathedral after his political downfall (399). The famous *vanity of vanities* exclamation preserved here." }, { "num": 341, "slug": "chrysostomus--second-homily-on-eutropius-after-his-captivity", "title": "Second Homily on Eutropius (After His Captivity) — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 11875, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--second-homily-on-eutropius-after-his-captivity/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--second-homily-on-eutropius-after-his-captivity.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Second Homily on Eutropius*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's second homily on the Eutropius affair, after Eutropius's subsequent capture." }, { "num": 342, "slug": "chrysostomus--four-letters-to-olympias", "title": "Four Letters to Olympias — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 9075, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--four-letters-to-olympias/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--four-letters-to-olympias.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *Letters to Olympias*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's seventeen letters (collected here as four-letter selection) to the deaconess Olympias of Constantinople during his exile (407). Among the most personally moving documents of late-antique Christian correspondence." }, { "num": 343, "slug": "chrysostomus--letter-to-some-priests-of-antioch", "title": "Letter to Some Priests of Antioch — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 603, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--letter-to-some-priests-of-antioch/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--letter-to-some-priests-of-antioch.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — Letter to Some Priests of Antioch", "blurb": "Chrysostom's letter from exile to priests of his beloved Antioch." }, { "num": 344, "slug": "chrysostomus--correspondence-with-pope-innocent-i", "title": "Correspondence with Pope Innocent I — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 4701, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--correspondence-with-pope-innocent-i/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--correspondence-with-pope-innocent-i.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — Correspondence with Innocent I", "blurb": "Chrysostom's correspondence with Pope Innocent I during the exile-crisis. Important documentary witness to early-5th-century papal involvement in eastern affairs." }, { "num": 345, "slug": "chrysostomus--on-the-priesthood", "title": "On the Priesthood — St. John Chrysostom", "words": 43656, "url": "/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--on-the-priesthood/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/chrysostomus--on-the-priesthood.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John Chrysostom — *De Sacerdotio*", "blurb": "Chrysostom's *On the Priesthood* — six-book dialogue defending his earlier reluctance to be ordained. Foundational Greek patristic treatise on the priestly vocation; complementary to Gregory the Great's later Latin *Pastoral Rule*." }, { "num": 346, "slug": "damascenus--exposition-of-the-faith", "title": "Exposition of the Faith — St. John of Damascus", "words": 82311, "url": "/sources/patrologia/damascenus--exposition-of-the-faith/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/damascenus--exposition-of-the-faith.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "John of Damascus — *Exposition of the Orthodox Faith*", "blurb": "John of Damascus's *Exposition of the Orthodox Faith* (*De Fide Orthodoxa*) — the systematic theological-doctrinal synthesis closing the patristic period (c. 740). Eastern Christian doctrine codified for the post-iconoclast world; massively influential on both Eastern Orthodox theology and (via Latin translation) on the western scholastics." }, { "num": 347, "slug": "justin-martyr--first-apology", "title": "First Apology — St. Justin Martyr", "words": 21378, "url": "/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--first-apology/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--first-apology.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Justin Martyr — *First Apology*", "blurb": "Justin's *First Apology* (c. 155) addressed to Antoninus Pius. The earliest substantial Christian apologetic addressed to a Roman emperor. Contains the most detailed early description of Christian baptism and eucharist." }, { "num": 348, "slug": "justin-martyr--second-apology", "title": "Second Apology — St. Justin Martyr", "words": 4646, "url": "/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--second-apology/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--second-apology.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Justin Martyr — *Second Apology*", "blurb": "Justin's *Second Apology* — shorter supplement to the First. Addresses particular cases and contains the famous *logos spermatikos* doctrine: the seeds of the Logos sown throughout humanity, present in pagan philosophers." }, { "num": 349, "slug": "justin-martyr--dialogue-with-trypho", "title": "Dialogue with Trypho — St. Justin Martyr", "words": 69215, "url": "/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--dialogue-with-trypho/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--dialogue-with-trypho.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Justin Martyr — *Dialogue with Trypho*", "blurb": "Justin's *Dialogue with Trypho the Jew* — the most extensive 2nd-century Christian-Jewish dialogue. Argues for Jesus's Messiahship and the new covenant's supersession of the old. Establishes the standard patristic exegetical pattern for the OT-NT relation." }, { "num": 350, "slug": "justin-martyr--hortatory-address-to-the-greeks", "title": "Hortatory Address to the Greeks — St. Justin Martyr", "words": 14968, "url": "/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--hortatory-address-to-the-greeks/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--hortatory-address-to-the-greeks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Justin — *Hortatory Address to the Greeks*", "blurb": "Pseudonymous *Cohortatio ad Graecos* attributed to Justin. Probably a later 2nd-3rd-century apologetic work. Argues for Christianity from the testimony of pagan philosophers and the Sibylline oracles." }, { "num": 351, "slug": "justin-martyr--on-the-sole-government-of-god", "title": "On the Sole Government of God — St. Justin Martyr", "words": 2904, "url": "/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--on-the-sole-government-of-god/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--on-the-sole-government-of-god.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Justin — *On the Sole Government of God*", "blurb": "Pseudonymous treatise *De Monarchia* attributed to Justin. Arguing for the unity of God against polytheism." }, { "num": 352, "slug": "justin-martyr--fragments-of-the-lost-work-on-the-resurrection", "title": "Fragments of the Lost Work on the Resurrection — St. Justin Martyr", "words": 4713, "url": "/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--fragments-of-the-lost-work-on-the-resurrection/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--fragments-of-the-lost-work-on-the-resurrection.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Justin Martyr — Fragments on the Resurrection", "blurb": "Surviving fragments of Justin's lost treatise on the resurrection of the dead." }, { "num": 353, "slug": "justin-martyr--miscellaneous-fragments-from-lost-writings", "title": "Miscellaneous Fragments from Lost Writings — St. Justin Martyr", "words": 1953, "url": "/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--miscellaneous-fragments-from-lost-writings/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--miscellaneous-fragments-from-lost-writings.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Justin Martyr — Miscellaneous Fragments", "blurb": "Editorial gathering of miscellaneous Justinian fragments preserved in later authors." }, { "num": 354, "slug": "justin-martyr--martyrdom-of-justin-chariton-and-other-roman-martyrs", "title": "Martyrdom of Justin, Chariton, and other Roman Martyrs — St. Justin Martyr", "words": 1096, "url": "/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--martyrdom-of-justin-chariton-and-other-roman-martyrs/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--martyrdom-of-justin-chariton-and-other-roman-martyrs.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Martyrdom of Justin and Companions", "blurb": "Account of Justin's martyrdom at Rome (c. 165) together with his companions Chariton and others under the urban prefect Junius Rusticus. Important early martyrology." }, { "num": 355, "slug": "justin-martyr--discourse-to-the-greeks", "title": "Discourse to the Greeks — St. Justin Martyr", "words": 1513, "url": "/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--discourse-to-the-greeks/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/justin-martyr--discourse-to-the-greeks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Justin — *Discourse to the Greeks*", "blurb": "Pseudonymous brief apologetic discourse to the Greeks attributed to Justin." }, { "num": 356, "slug": "leo-magnus--sermons", "title": "Sermons — St. Leo the Great", "words": 75964, "url": "/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--sermons/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--sermons.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Leo the Great — Sermons", "blurb": "Leo's ninety-six surviving sermons — the foundational corpus of Latin papal preaching. Liturgical-festal sermons of unmatched terseness and theological precision. Foundational for the Roman liturgical calendar's homiletic tradition." }, { "num": 357, "slug": "leo-magnus--letters", "title": "Letters — St. Leo the Great", "words": 86422, "url": "/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--letters/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--letters.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Leo the Great — Letters", "blurb": "Leo's 173 collected letters — among the most important documentary corpora of 5th-century Latin Christianity. Includes the *Tome to Flavian* (the great Christological letter accepted by the Council of Chalcedon)." }, { "num": 358, "slug": "leo-magnus--epistle", "title": "Epistle — St. Leo the Great", "words": 1580, "url": "/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--epistle/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--epistle.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Leo the Great — *Tome to Flavian* (Epistle 28)", "blurb": "Leo's *Tome to Flavian* — the great Christological letter to Patriarch Flavian of Constantinople, refuting Eutyches. Solemnly accepted by the Council of Chalcedon (451): *Peter has spoken through Leo*. Foundational document of Western Christology." }, { "num": 359, "slug": "leo-magnus--canticle-on-edessa", "title": "Canticle on Edessa — St. Leo the Great", "words": 636, "url": "/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--canticle-on-edessa/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--canticle-on-edessa.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Misattributed Syriac material in Leo corpus", "blurb": "Syriac material misattributed in the editorial assembly of this corpus — not by Leo the Great." }, { "num": 360, "slug": "leo-magnus--homily-on-habib-the-martyr", "title": "Homily on Habib the Martyr — St. Leo the Great", "words": 5234, "url": "/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--homily-on-habib-the-martyr/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--homily-on-habib-the-martyr.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Misattributed Syriac homily on Habib", "blurb": "Syriac homily on the Edessene martyr Habib misattributed in the editorial assembly — not by Leo the Great." }, { "num": 361, "slug": "leo-magnus--homily-on-guria-and-shamuna", "title": "Homily on Guria and Shamuna — St. Leo the Great", "words": 5175, "url": "/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--homily-on-guria-and-shamuna/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/leo-magnus--homily-on-guria-and-shamuna.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Misattributed Syriac homily on Guria and Shamuna", "blurb": "Syriac homily on the Edessene martyrs Guria and Shamuna misattributed in the editorial assembly — not by Leo the Great." }, { "num": 362, "slug": "methodius--the-banquet-of-the-ten-virgins", "title": "The Banquet of the Ten Virgins — St. Methodius of Olympus", "words": 40397, "url": "/sources/patrologia/methodius--the-banquet-of-the-ten-virgins/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/methodius--the-banquet-of-the-ten-virgins.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Methodius — *Banquet of the Ten Virgins*", "blurb": "Methodius of Olympus's *Symposium* (c. 290) — Platonising Christian dialogue. Ten virgins each praise virginity in turn; Thecla is judged the most eloquent. The earliest substantial Christian work modeled on Plato's *Symposium*." }, { "num": 363, "slug": "methodius--concerning-free-will", "title": "Concerning Free Will — St. Methodius of Olympus", "words": 7101, "url": "/sources/patrologia/methodius--concerning-free-will/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/methodius--concerning-free-will.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Methodius — *On Free Will*", "blurb": "Methodius's dialogue *On Free Will* — anti-Origenist (in some aspects) and anti-Gnostic. Defense of genuine human freedom against deterministic accounts." }, { "num": 364, "slug": "methodius--from-the-discourse-on-the-resurrection", "title": "From the Discourse on the Resurrection — St. Methodius of Olympus", "words": 13276, "url": "/sources/patrologia/methodius--from-the-discourse-on-the-resurrection/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/methodius--from-the-discourse-on-the-resurrection.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Methodius — *From the Discourse on the Resurrection*", "blurb": "Fragment from Methodius's *On the Resurrection* — anti-Origenist treatise defending the resurrection of the material body (against Origen's more spiritualizing account)." }, { "num": 365, "slug": "methodius--fragments", "title": "Fragments — St. Methodius of Olympus", "words": 3613, "url": "/sources/patrologia/methodius--fragments/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/methodius--fragments.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Methodius — Fragments", "blurb": "Surviving fragments of Methodius's other works." }, { "num": 366, "slug": "methodius--oration-concerning-simeon-and-anna", "title": "Oration Concerning Simeon and Anna — St. Methodius of Olympus", "words": 9406, "url": "/sources/patrologia/methodius--oration-concerning-simeon-and-anna/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/methodius--oration-concerning-simeon-and-anna.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Methodius — *Oration on Simeon and Anna*", "blurb": "Festal sermon on Simeon and Anna at the Presentation (Luke 2:25-38)." }, { "num": 367, "slug": "methodius--oration-on-the-psalms", "title": "Oration on the Psalms — St. Methodius of Olympus", "words": 3921, "url": "/sources/patrologia/methodius--oration-on-the-psalms/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/methodius--oration-on-the-psalms.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Methodius — *Oration on the Psalms*", "blurb": "Festal sermon on the Psalms attributed to Methodius." }, { "num": 368, "slug": "methodius--three-fragments-from-the-homily-on-the-cross-and-passion-of-chri", "title": "Three Fragments from the Homily on the Cross and Passion of Christ — St. Methodius of Olympus", "words": 1819, "url": "/sources/patrologia/methodius--three-fragments-from-the-homily-on-the-cross-and-passion-of-chri/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/methodius--three-fragments-from-the-homily-on-the-cross-and-passion-of-chri.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Methodius — *Fragments on the Cross and Passion*", "blurb": "Three surviving fragments from a Methodian homily on the Cross and Passion of Christ." }, { "num": 369, "slug": "peter-alex--the-genuine-acts", "title": "The Genuine Acts — St. Peter of Alexandria", "words": 6739, "url": "/sources/patrologia/peter-alex--the-genuine-acts/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/peter-alex--the-genuine-acts.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Peter of Alexandria — Genuine Acts", "blurb": "Surviving authentic acts of Peter of Alexandria (martyred 311). Bishop of Alexandria; the last martyr of the Great Persecution in his see." }, { "num": 370, "slug": "peter-alex--the-canonical-epistle", "title": "The Canonical Epistle — St. Peter of Alexandria", "words": 11123, "url": "/sources/patrologia/peter-alex--the-canonical-epistle/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/peter-alex--the-canonical-epistle.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Peter of Alexandria — Canonical Epistle", "blurb": "Peter's *Canonical Epistle* (306) — disciplinary rulings for treatment of the *lapsi* during the Great Persecution. Important early-canonical document." }, { "num": 371, "slug": "peter-alex--fragments", "title": "Fragments — St. Peter of Alexandria", "words": 2979, "url": "/sources/patrologia/peter-alex--fragments/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/peter-alex--fragments.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Peter of Alexandria — Fragments", "blurb": "Surviving fragments of Peter of Alexandria's other works." }, { "num": 372, "slug": "polycarp--epistle-to-the-philippians", "title": "Epistle to the Philippians — St. Polycarp of Smyrna", "words": 2457, "url": "/sources/patrologia/polycarp--epistle-to-the-philippians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/polycarp--epistle-to-the-philippians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Polycarp — *Letter to the Philippians*", "blurb": "Polycarp of Smyrna's *Letter to the Philippians* (c. 110-140) — the principal surviving writing of Polycarp. Pastoral counsel echoing Ignatius and the Pastoral Epistles." }, { "num": 373, "slug": "polycarp--the-martyrdom-of-polycarp", "title": "The Martyrdom of Polycarp — St. Polycarp of Smyrna", "words": 3690, "url": "/sources/patrologia/polycarp--the-martyrdom-of-polycarp/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/polycarp--the-martyrdom-of-polycarp.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "*Martyrdom of Polycarp*", "blurb": "The *Martyrdom of Polycarp* (c. 156) — the earliest detailed Christian martyrology after the New Testament. Polycarp's famous prayer at the stake; the miraculous fire that did not burn him. Foundation-text of Christian martyrology." }, { "num": 374, "slug": "theophilus--theophilus-to-autolycus", "title": "Theophilus to Autolycus — St. Theophilus of Antioch", "words": 28237, "url": "/sources/patrologia/theophilus--theophilus-to-autolycus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/theophilus--theophilus-to-autolycus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Theophilus of Antioch — *To Autolycus*", "blurb": "Theophilus of Antioch's *Apologia ad Autolycum* (c. 180) — three-book apologetic to the pagan Autolycus. The earliest extant use of the term *Triad* (Trinity) for Father, Word, and Wisdom." }, { "num": 375, "slug": "theophilus--poem-on-easter", "title": "Poem on Easter — St. Theophilus of Antioch", "words": 1241, "url": "/sources/patrologia/theophilus--poem-on-easter/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/theophilus--poem-on-easter.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Theophilus — *Poem on Easter*", "blurb": "Latin paschal poem attributed to Theophilus but probably of much later authorship." }, { "num": 376, "slug": "victorinus--on-the-creation-of-the-world", "title": "On the Creation of the World — St. Victorinus of Pettau", "words": 2112, "url": "/sources/patrologia/victorinus--on-the-creation-of-the-world/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/victorinus--on-the-creation-of-the-world.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Victorinus of Pettau — *On the Creation of the World*", "blurb": "Victorinus of Pettau's surviving exposition of the days of creation. The earliest Latin commentator on Scripture; martyred in the Great Persecution (304)." }, { "num": 377, "slug": "victorinus--commentary-on-the-apocalypse-of-the-blessed-john", "title": "Commentary on the Apocalypse of the Blessed John — St. Victorinus of Pettau", "words": 7751, "url": "/sources/patrologia/victorinus--commentary-on-the-apocalypse-of-the-blessed-john/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/victorinus--commentary-on-the-apocalypse-of-the-blessed-john.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Victorinus of Pettau — *Commentary on the Apocalypse*", "blurb": "Victorinus's *Commentary on Revelation* — the earliest extant Latin commentary on the book of Revelation. Distinctively chiliastic; later edited by Jerome to eliminate the chiliasm." }, { "num": 378, "slug": "vincentius-ler--commonitory-for-the-antiquity-and-universality-of-the-catholic-f", "title": "Commonitory for the Antiquity and Universality of the Catholic Faith — St. Vincent of Lérins", "words": 20032, "url": "/sources/patrologia/vincentius-ler--commonitory-for-the-antiquity-and-universality-of-the-catholic-f/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/vincentius-ler--commonitory-for-the-antiquity-and-universality-of-the-catholic-f.json", "project_translation": false }, { "num": 379, "slug": "sulpitius-severus--on-the-life-of-st-martin", "title": "On the Life of St. Martin — Sulpitius Severus", "words": 12222, "url": "/sources/patrologia/sulpitius-severus--on-the-life-of-st-martin/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/sulpitius-severus--on-the-life-of-st-martin.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sulpicius Severus — *Vita Martini*", "blurb": "Sulpicius Severus's *Life of St Martin of Tours* (c. 397) — foundational Latin hagiography. The Roman soldier who cut his cloak in two to clothe a beggar; the great missionary bishop of Gaul; the model of pastoral-monastic episcopate. Massively influential on medieval Latin hagiography." }, { "num": 380, "slug": "sulpitius-severus--genuine", "title": "Genuine — Sulpitius Severus", "words": 5256, "url": "/sources/patrologia/sulpitius-severus--genuine/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/sulpitius-severus--genuine.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sulpicius Severus — Genuine Writings", "blurb": "Sulpicius Severus's other genuine surviving writings — chiefly his correspondence." }, { "num": 381, "slug": "sulpitius-severus--dubious", "title": "Dubious — Sulpitius Severus", "words": 13509, "url": "/sources/patrologia/sulpitius-severus--dubious/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/sulpitius-severus--dubious.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sulpicius Severus — Dubious Writings", "blurb": "Writings of disputed Sulpician authenticity preserved with his corpus." }, { "num": 382, "slug": "sulpitius-severus--dialogues", "title": "Dialogues — Sulpitius Severus", "words": 28236, "url": "/sources/patrologia/sulpitius-severus--dialogues/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/sulpitius-severus--dialogues.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sulpicius Severus — *Dialogues*", "blurb": "Sulpicius Severus's *Dialogues* — further hagiographical and ascetic narratives, particularly on Martin and on Egyptian monasticism." }, { "num": 383, "slug": "sulpitius-severus--sacred-history", "title": "Sacred History — Sulpitius Severus", "words": 45177, "url": "/sources/patrologia/sulpitius-severus--sacred-history/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/sulpitius-severus--sacred-history.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sulpicius Severus — *Sacred History*", "blurb": "Sulpicius Severus's *Chronicle* (*Sacred History*) — universal history from creation to the early 5th century. Important contemporary witness to the Priscillianist controversy." }, { "num": 384, "slug": "tatianus--address-to-the-greeks", "title": "Address to the Greeks — Tatian the Assyrian", "words": 14250, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tatianus--address-to-the-greeks/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tatianus--address-to-the-greeks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tatian — *Oratio ad Graecos*", "blurb": "Tatian the Assyrian's *Address to the Greeks* — vehement anti-Hellenic apology. Tatian (a disciple of Justin) attacks Greek culture as derivative and degenerate; Christianity as the older, true philosophy." }, { "num": 385, "slug": "tatianus--fragments", "title": "Fragments — Tatian the Assyrian", "words": 862, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tatianus--fragments/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tatianus--fragments.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tatian — Fragments", "blurb": "Surviving fragments of Tatian's other works." }, { "num": 386, "slug": "tatianus--the-diatessaron", "title": "The Diatessaron — Tatian the Assyrian", "words": 77525, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tatianus--the-diatessaron/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tatianus--the-diatessaron.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tatian — *Diatessaron*", "blurb": "Tatian's *Diatessaron* — the gospel-harmony interweaving the four canonical gospels into a single narrative. The standard gospel-text of Syriac Christianity until the late 4th century; influential well into the medieval period in many traditions." }, { "num": 387, "slug": "tertullianus--the-apology", "title": "The Apology — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 35031, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--the-apology/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--the-apology.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Apologeticum*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *Apology* (197) — addressed to the Roman authorities. The most influential Latin Christian apologetic; established the rhetorical and conceptual framework for all later Latin Christian-Roman polemic. Contains the famous *semen est sanguis Christianorum* — *the blood of the Christians is seed*." }, { "num": 388, "slug": "tertullianus--on-idolatry", "title": "On Idolatry — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 11369, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-idolatry/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-idolatry.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Idololatria*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On Idolatry* — comprehensive treatment of how Christians should avoid involvement with the institutions of pagan religious culture. Defines the rigorous Tertullian-Cyprianic line on Christian separation from idolatrous social structures." }, { "num": 389, "slug": "tertullianus--de-spectaculis-the-shows", "title": "De Spectaculis (The Shows) — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 10999, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--de-spectaculis-the-shows/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--de-spectaculis-the-shows.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Spectaculis*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On the Shows* — vehement denunciation of Christian attendance at theatres, circuses, gladiatorial games. The amusement-industry as essentially idolatrous; the contrast with Christian eschatological hope." }, { "num": 390, "slug": "tertullianus--de-corona-the-chaplet", "title": "De Corona (The Chaplet) — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 8891, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--de-corona-the-chaplet/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--de-corona-the-chaplet.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Corona*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On the Chaplet* — occasioned by a Christian soldier refusing to wear the military laurel-crown. Develops the rigorous Tertullian-Cyprianic stance on Christians in the military; foundational for early-Christian pacifism." }, { "num": 391, "slug": "tertullianus--to-scapula", "title": "To Scapula — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 2579, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--to-scapula/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--to-scapula.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Ad Scapulam*", "blurb": "Tertullian's brief letter to the African proconsul Scapula concerning persecution. Both apologetic and warning." }, { "num": 392, "slug": "tertullianus--ad-nationes", "title": "Ad Nationes — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 29582, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--ad-nationes/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--ad-nationes.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Ad Nationes*", "blurb": "Tertullian's two-book *To the Nations* — broader anti-pagan apologetic. Material partly overlapping with the *Apologeticum*." }, { "num": 393, "slug": "tertullianus--an-answer-to-the-jews", "title": "An Answer to the Jews — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 17788, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--an-answer-to-the-jews/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--an-answer-to-the-jews.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Adversus Judaeos*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *Against the Jews* — standard Christian-Jewish polemic of the 2nd-3rd century. The new covenant's supersession of the old; Christ's fulfillment of the prophecies." }, { "num": 394, "slug": "tertullianus--the-soul-s-testimony", "title": "The Soul's Testimony — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 3922, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--the-soul-s-testimony/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--the-soul-s-testimony.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Testimonio Animae*", "blurb": "Tertullian's brilliant *On the Testimony of the Soul*. Argues that the ordinary spontaneous utterances of pagan souls (*God help me!*, *God bless you*) testify unwittingly to the Christian doctrine of one God. The classical *anima naturaliter Christiana* argument." }, { "num": 395, "slug": "tertullianus--a-treatise-on-the-soul", "title": "A Treatise on the Soul — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 46544, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--a-treatise-on-the-soul/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--a-treatise-on-the-soul.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Anima*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *De Anima* — the most extensive ancient Christian psychology. Defends the materiality (in some sense) of the soul; the traducianist doctrine of soul-transmission through generation; against Platonic preexistence. Foundational for the later western *traducianism* / *creationism* dispute." }, { "num": 396, "slug": "tertullianus--the-prescription-against-heretics", "title": "The Prescription Against Heretics — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 15260, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--the-prescription-against-heretics/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--the-prescription-against-heretics.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Praescriptione Haereticorum*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On the Prescription of Heretics* — the classic anti-heretical methodology. The legal *praescriptio* (prior objection) by which heretics may be excluded from scriptural debate before any specific doctrinal question is addressed: only the catholic apostolic tradition possesses the apostolic Scriptures." }, { "num": 397, "slug": "tertullianus--against-marcion", "title": "Against Marcion — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 149328, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--against-marcion/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--against-marcion.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Adversus Marcionem*", "blurb": "Tertullian's five-book *Against Marcion* — the principal early-3rd-century refutation of Marcion's radical dualism between OT and NT, between the demiurgic creator and the higher loving Father. Foundational document for the catholic doctrine of the unity of OT and NT." }, { "num": 398, "slug": "tertullianus--against-hermogenes", "title": "Against Hermogenes — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 19797, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--against-hermogenes/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--against-hermogenes.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Adversus Hermogenem*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *Against Hermogenes* — refutation of the painter-philosopher Hermogenes's doctrine that matter is eternal. Defends *creatio ex nihilo* against the Platonist alternative." }, { "num": 399, "slug": "tertullianus--against-the-valentinians", "title": "Against the Valentinians — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 11906, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--against-the-valentinians/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--against-the-valentinians.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Adversus Valentinianos*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *Against the Valentinians* — sarcastic-polemical exposition and refutation of Valentinian Gnostic mythology. Important source for our knowledge of the Valentinian system." }, { "num": 400, "slug": "tertullianus--on-the-flesh-of-christ", "title": "On the Flesh of Christ — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 17161, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-the-flesh-of-christ/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-the-flesh-of-christ.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Carne Christi*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On the Flesh of Christ* — anti-Docetic defense of the reality of Christ's flesh against Marcion and the Gnostics. Contains the famous *credibile est, quia ineptum est; certum est, quia impossibile* (often misquoted as *credo quia absurdum*)." }, { "num": 401, "slug": "tertullianus--on-the-resurrection-of-the-flesh", "title": "On the Resurrection of the Flesh — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 42115, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-the-resurrection-of-the-flesh/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-the-resurrection-of-the-flesh.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Resurrectione Carnis*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On the Resurrection of the Flesh* — companion to *De Carne Christi*. Defense of the bodily resurrection against spiritualising interpretations." }, { "num": 402, "slug": "tertullianus--against-praxeas", "title": "Against Praxeas — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 25832, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--against-praxeas/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--against-praxeas.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Adversus Praxean*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *Against Praxeas* — refutation of the Modalist Monarchian Praxeas. The first sustained Latin treatment of the Trinity: *tres personae, una substantia*. Foundational vocabulary for Latin Trinitarianism." }, { "num": 403, "slug": "tertullianus--scorpiace", "title": "Scorpiace — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 13956, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--scorpiace/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--scorpiace.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Scorpiace*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *Scorpiace* (*Antidote against the Scorpion's Sting*) — defense of martyrdom against Gnostic and Valentinian objections that the body's death is meaningless." }, { "num": 404, "slug": "tertullianus--appendix-against-all-heresies", "title": "Appendix (Against All Heresies) — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 3917, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--appendix-against-all-heresies/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--appendix-against-all-heresies.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pseudo-Tertullian — *Adversus Omnes Haereses*", "blurb": "Pseudonymous *Against All Heresies* appended to the Tertullian corpus. Heresiological compendium of probably Hippolytan origin." }, { "num": 405, "slug": "tertullianus--on-repentance", "title": "On Repentance — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 7226, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-repentance/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-repentance.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Paenitentia*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *De Paenitentia* — early-period treatise on penance. Defines the principles of Christian repentance, including the public penance for grave sins (which Tertullian later, as Montanist, denied could be available for the most serious classes of sin)." }, { "num": 406, "slug": "tertullianus--on-baptism", "title": "On Baptism — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 7521, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-baptism/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-baptism.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Baptismo*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *De Baptismo* — the earliest substantial Christian treatise on baptism. Important documentary witness to early-3rd-century baptismal practice. Tertullian advocates delaying infant baptism — a minority position." }, { "num": 407, "slug": "tertullianus--on-prayer", "title": "On Prayer — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 7556, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-prayer/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-prayer.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Oratione*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *De Oratione* — the earliest Christian treatise on prayer. Exposition of the Lord's Prayer; instructions on Christian prayer-practice. The model for Cyprian's later *De Dominica Oratione*." }, { "num": 408, "slug": "tertullianus--ad-martyras", "title": "Ad Martyras — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 2543, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--ad-martyras/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--ad-martyras.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Ad Martyras*", "blurb": "Tertullian's brief encouragement *To the Martyrs* awaiting execution. Pastoral consolation combined with the rhetoric of the heavenly contest." }, { "num": 409, "slug": "tertullianus--the-martyrdom-of-perpetua-and-felicity", "title": "The Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicity — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 5213, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--the-martyrdom-of-perpetua-and-felicity/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--the-martyrdom-of-perpetua-and-felicity.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "*Passion of Perpetua and Felicity*", "blurb": "The *Passion of Perpetua and Felicity* (203) — including Perpetua's own first-person prison-diary, the only such document by a Christian woman of the early church. One of the supreme documents of early Christian martyrology; possibly edited by Tertullian." }, { "num": 410, "slug": "tertullianus--of-patience", "title": "Of Patience — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 7827, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--of-patience/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--of-patience.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Patientia*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On Patience* — earliest Latin treatise on patience. The Christian virtue of patient endurance modelled on Christ's silence before his accusers." }, { "num": 411, "slug": "tertullianus--on-the-pallium", "title": "On the Pallium — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 6308, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-the-pallium/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-the-pallium.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Pallio*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *De Pallio* — defense of his having adopted the philosopher's pallium in place of the Roman toga. Brilliant rhetorical sketch on the meaning of clothing as social signal." }, { "num": 412, "slug": "tertullianus--on-the-apparel-of-women", "title": "On the Apparel of Women — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 9098, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-the-apparel-of-women/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-the-apparel-of-women.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Cultu Feminarum*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On the Apparel of Women* — two-book treatise against excessive female ornamentation. Foundational text of patristic women's-dress regulation; severe in its rhetoric." }, { "num": 413, "slug": "tertullianus--on-the-veiling-of-virgins", "title": "On the Veiling of Virgins — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 9558, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-the-veiling-of-virgins/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-the-veiling-of-virgins.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Virginibus Velandis*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *De Virginibus Velandis* — argues that consecrated virgins should be veiled like married women. Important early-3rd-century document on Christian women's headcovering practice." }, { "num": 414, "slug": "tertullianus--to-his-wife", "title": "To His Wife — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 7478, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--to-his-wife/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--to-his-wife.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *Ad Uxorem*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *To His Wife* — written contemplating his own possible early death. Counsels his wife against remarriage, and especially against remarriage to a non-Christian." }, { "num": 415, "slug": "tertullianus--on-exhortation-to-chastity", "title": "On Exhortation to Chastity — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 6849, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-exhortation-to-chastity/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-exhortation-to-chastity.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Exhortatione Castitatis*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On Exhortation to Chastity* — second-period treatise (during his Montanist phase) more strongly counseling against second marriages." }, { "num": 416, "slug": "tertullianus--on-monogamy", "title": "On Monogamy — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 12062, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-monogamy/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-monogamy.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Monogamia*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *De Monogamia* — fully Montanist-period treatise absolutely prohibiting second marriages after the death of a spouse. The most rigorous statement of his evolving position." }, { "num": 417, "slug": "tertullianus--on-modesty", "title": "On Modesty — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 23705, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-modesty/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-modesty.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Pudicitia*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *De Pudicitia* — Montanist-period treatise denying the church's authority to forgive certain grave sins (adultery, fornication). The polemical counter to the catholic-developing penitential discipline." }, { "num": 418, "slug": "tertullianus--on-fasting", "title": "On Fasting — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 10319, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-fasting/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--on-fasting.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Ieiunio*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On Fasting* — Montanist-period defense of the New-Prophecy fasts against catholic objections. Important documentary witness to early Christian ascetic practice." }, { "num": 419, "slug": "tertullianus--de-fuga-in-persecutione", "title": "De Fuga in Persecutione — Tertullian of Carthage", "words": 9192, "url": "/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--de-fuga-in-persecutione/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/tertullianus--de-fuga-in-persecutione.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Tertullian — *De Fuga in Persecutione*", "blurb": "Tertullian's *On Flight in Persecution* — Montanist-period treatise arguing that flight in persecution is impermissible. The most rigorous patristic position; contrasts with the later catholic moderation (Cyprian, Athanasius) that distinguished prudent flight from cowardly apostasy." }, { "num": 420, "slug": "theodoretus--counter-statements-to-cyril-s-12-anathemas-against-nestorius", "title": "Counter-Statements to Cyril's 12 Anathemas against Nestorius — Theodoret of Cyrus", "words": 5898, "url": "/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--counter-statements-to-cyril-s-12-anathemas-against-nestorius/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--counter-statements-to-cyril-s-12-anathemas-against-nestorius.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Theodoret — *Counter-statements to Cyril's 12 Anathemas*", "blurb": "Theodoret of Cyrus's response to Cyril of Alexandria's Twelve Anathemas against Nestorius. Major document of the Christological controversy from the Antiochene side." }, { "num": 421, "slug": "theodoretus--ecclesiastical-history", "title": "Ecclesiastical History — Theodoret of Cyrus", "words": 91195, "url": "/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--ecclesiastical-history/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--ecclesiastical-history.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Theodoret — *Church History*", "blurb": "Theodoret of Cyrus's *Church History* — third of the great 5th-century Greek church histories (with Socrates and Sozomen). Covers 323-428. Important Antiochene perspective on the period." }, { "num": 422, "slug": "theodoretus--dialogues-eranistes-or-polymorphus", "title": "Dialogues (\"Eranistes\" or \"Polymorphus\") — Theodoret of Cyrus", "words": 75751, "url": "/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--dialogues-eranistes-or-polymorphus/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--dialogues-eranistes-or-polymorphus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Theodoret — *Eranistes (Polymorphus)*", "blurb": "Theodoret's *Eranistes* — three dialogues against the *eranistes* (beggar) of mixed Christological doctrine. Defense of the *two natures* Christology that would prevail at Chalcedon." }, { "num": 423, "slug": "theodoretus--demonstrations-by-syllogism", "title": "Demonstrations by Syllogism — Theodoret of Cyrus", "words": 1556, "url": "/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--demonstrations-by-syllogism/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--demonstrations-by-syllogism.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Theodoret — Demonstrations by Syllogism", "blurb": "Theodoret's *Demonstrations by Syllogism* — logical-systematic defense of his Christological position. Companion to the *Eranistes*." }, { "num": 424, "slug": "theodoretus--letters", "title": "Letters — Theodoret of Cyrus", "words": 89482, "url": "/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--letters/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--letters.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Theodoret — Letters", "blurb": "Theodoret's collected letters — important documentary witness to the post-Ephesus Christological controversies. Particularly valuable for the period 431-451." }, { "num": 425, "slug": "theodoretus--excerpts", "title": "Excerpts — Theodoret of Cyrus", "words": 6870, "url": "/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--excerpts/", "api": "/api/sources/patrologia/theodoretus--excerpts.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Theodoret — Excerpts", "blurb": "Editorial excerpts from Theodoret's various other works — chiefly his biblical commentaries (on the Psalms, the Pauline epistles, the prophets). The summit of Antiochene exegesis preserved in fragmentary form." } ] }