{
  "meta": {
    "schema_version": "1.2",
    "endpoint": "/api/sources/rig-veda/index.json"
  },
  "work": {
    "slug": "rig-veda",
    "name": "Rig Veda",
    "stream": "indian",
    "epoch_reflected": "indian",
    "epoch_written": "greco-latin",
    "form": "scripture",
    "tradition": "Hindu (Vedic)",
    "author": null,
    "year_approx": -1500,
    "note": "The oldest layer of Vedic religious poetry — 1,028 hymns to the Vedic devas (Agni, Indra, Soma, Varuṇa, Uṣas, the Maruts, the Aśvins), arranged into ten Maṇḍalas. Composed orally c. 1500–1200 BCE; Ralph T.H. Griffith's 1896 verse translation.",
    "books_slug": "griffith--the-rig-veda",
    "books_slugs": null,
    "has_project_translation": false,
    "steiner_loci": [],
    "hymn_count": 1028,
    "principal_deities": [
      "Agni",
      "Indra",
      "Soma",
      "Varuṇa",
      "Uṣas",
      "Maruts",
      "Aśvins",
      "Viśvedevas"
    ]
  },
  "parents": [],
  "translation": {
    "title": null,
    "author": null,
    "source": null
  },
  "chapters": [
    {
      "num": 1,
      "slug": "01-book-1",
      "title": "Maṇḍala 1",
      "words": 60988,
      "url": "/sources/rig-veda/01-book-1/",
      "api": "/api/sources/rig-veda/01-book-1.json",
      "project_translation": false,
      "subtitle": "Composite compilation · multiple ṛṣis",
      "blurb": "Opens the corpus with hymns from many poet-families. Agni, Indra, the Aśvins, the Maruts, and the Viśvedevas dominate; the longest book of the Rig Veda.",
      "hymn_count": 191,
      "principal_deities": [
        "Agni",
        "Indra",
        "Asvins",
        "Maruts",
        "Visvedevas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "num": 2,
      "slug": "02-book-2",
      "title": "Maṇḍala 2",
      "words": 14301,
      "url": "/sources/rig-veda/02-book-2/",
      "api": "/api/sources/rig-veda/02-book-2.json",
      "project_translation": false,
      "subtitle": "Family book of Gṛtsamada",
      "blurb": "The shortest of the family books. Indra and Agni dominate; ascribed to the Gṛtsamada lineage.",
      "hymn_count": 43,
      "principal_deities": [
        "Indra",
        "Agni",
        "Brahmanaspati",
        "Kapinjala",
        "Various Deities"
      ]
    },
    {
      "num": 3,
      "slug": "03-book-3",
      "title": "Maṇḍala 3",
      "words": 18697,
      "url": "/sources/rig-veda/03-book-3/",
      "api": "/api/sources/rig-veda/03-book-3.json",
      "project_translation": false,
      "subtitle": "Family book of Viśvāmitra",
      "blurb": "Contains the Gāyatrī Mantra (RV 3.62.10) — the most-recited verse of Vedic tradition. Hymns to Agni, Indra, and the Viśvedevas, ascribed to the seer Viśvāmitra and his lineage.",
      "hymn_count": 62,
      "principal_deities": [
        "Agni",
        "Indra",
        "Visvedevas",
        "Apris",
        "Asvins"
      ]
    },
    {
      "num": 4,
      "slug": "04-book-4",
      "title": "Maṇḍala 4",
      "words": 17644,
      "url": "/sources/rig-veda/04-book-4/",
      "api": "/api/sources/rig-veda/04-book-4.json",
      "project_translation": false,
      "subtitle": "Family book of Vāmadeva",
      "blurb": "Agni and Indra dominate; the Ṛbhus (artisan-gods who attain immortality through skilled craft) receive distinctive treatment. Ascribed to Vāmadeva Gautama.",
      "hymn_count": 58,
      "principal_deities": [
        "Agni",
        "Indra",
        "Rbhus",
        "Asvins",
        "Indra-Varuna"
      ]
    },
    {
      "num": 5,
      "slug": "05-book-5",
      "title": "Maṇḍala 5",
      "words": 21752,
      "url": "/sources/rig-veda/05-book-5/",
      "api": "/api/sources/rig-veda/05-book-5.json",
      "project_translation": false,
      "subtitle": "Family book of Atri",
      "blurb": "Hymns to Agni, the Maruts, and Mitra-Varuṇa, ascribed to the Atri lineage. The Maruts (storm-gods) receive their most concentrated treatment here.",
      "hymn_count": 87,
      "principal_deities": [
        "Agni",
        "Maruts",
        "Mitra-Varuna",
        "Visvedevas",
        "Indra"
      ]
    },
    {
      "num": 6,
      "slug": "06-book-6",
      "title": "Maṇḍala 6",
      "words": 23043,
      "url": "/sources/rig-veda/06-book-6/",
      "api": "/api/sources/rig-veda/06-book-6.json",
      "project_translation": false,
      "subtitle": "Family book of Bharadvāja",
      "blurb": "Indra and Agni dominate; hymns to Pūṣan (the pastoral god of paths and prosperity) cluster here. Ascribed to the Bharadvāja lineage.",
      "hymn_count": 75,
      "principal_deities": [
        "Indra",
        "Agni",
        "Pusan",
        "Visvedevas",
        "Asvins"
      ]
    },
    {
      "num": 7,
      "slug": "07-book-7",
      "title": "Maṇḍala 7",
      "words": 25774,
      "url": "/sources/rig-veda/07-book-7/",
      "api": "/api/sources/rig-veda/07-book-7.json",
      "project_translation": false,
      "subtitle": "Family book of Vasiṣṭha",
      "blurb": "The most theologically rich family book. Hymns to Agni, Indra, the Viśvedevas, Mitra-Varuṇa, and Uṣas (Dawn); ascribed to the rivalry-defining seer Vasiṣṭha.",
      "hymn_count": 104,
      "principal_deities": [
        "Agni",
        "Indra",
        "Visvedevas",
        "Asvins",
        "Dawn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "num": 8,
      "slug": "08-book-8",
      "title": "Maṇḍala 8",
      "words": 40876,
      "url": "/sources/rig-veda/08-book-8/",
      "api": "/api/sources/rig-veda/08-book-8.json",
      "project_translation": false,
      "subtitle": "Family book of Kāṇva (+ later additions)",
      "blurb": "Ascribed largely to the Kāṇva lineage; includes the Vālakhilya hymns (8.49–8.59) as a later inserted collection. Indra dominates.",
      "hymn_count": 103,
      "principal_deities": [
        "Indra",
        "Agni",
        "Asvins",
        "Visvedevas",
        "Adityas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "num": 9,
      "slug": "09-book-9",
      "title": "Maṇḍala 9",
      "words": 27413,
      "url": "/sources/rig-veda/09-book-9/",
      "api": "/api/sources/rig-veda/09-book-9.json",
      "project_translation": false,
      "subtitle": "Soma Pavamāna",
      "blurb": "The entire book of 114 hymns is dedicated to Soma Pavamāna — the purifying Soma. The ritual preparation of the Soma plant-drink, its pressing and filtering, is itself the sacred event these hymns sing.",
      "hymn_count": 114,
      "principal_deities": [
        "Soma Pavamana",
        "Apris",
        "Soma Pavanana",
        "Soma and Others",
        "Some Pavamana"
      ]
    },
    {
      "num": 10,
      "slug": "10-book-10",
      "title": "Maṇḍala 10",
      "words": 57579,
      "url": "/sources/rig-veda/10-book-10/",
      "api": "/api/sources/rig-veda/10-book-10.json",
      "project_translation": false,
      "subtitle": "Late cosmogonic stratum",
      "blurb": "The Nasadiya Sukta (creation), the Puruṣa Sukta (the cosmic Man), the Devī Sukta (the Goddess); funeral hymns and the latest doctrinal layer. The most-cited Book in later Indian philosophy and in Steiner's Vedic engagement.",
      "hymn_count": 191,
      "principal_deities": [
        "Indra",
        "Agni",
        "Visvedevas",
        "Asvins",
        "Indra Vaikuntha"
      ]
    }
  ]
}