{ "meta": { "schema_version": "1.2", "endpoint": "/api/sources/talmud/index.json" }, "work": { "slug": "talmud", "name": "Babylonian Talmud", "stream": "egyptian-hebrew", "epoch_reflected": "greco-latin", "epoch_written": "greco-latin", "form": "rabbinic", "tradition": "Jewish (Talmudic)", "author": "Anonymous (Babylonian sages)", "year_approx": 400, "note": "The Babylonian Talmud — Mishnah with its surrounding Gemara discussions. Michael Levi Rodkinson's nine-volume English translation (1903–1918), the only complete public-domain English Talmud.", "books_slug": null, "books_slugs": [ "rodkinson--babylonian-talmud-vol-01-Sabbath", "rodkinson--babylonian-talmud-vol-02-Erubin-Pesachim", "rodkinson--babylonian-talmud-vol-03-Shekalim-Yoma", "rodkinson--babylonian-talmud-vol-04-Hagigah-Moed-Katon-Taanith-Megillah", "rodkinson--babylonian-talmud-vol-05-Rosh-Hashana-Succah-Yom-Tov", "rodkinson--babylonian-talmud-vol-06-Baba-Kamma", "rodkinson--babylonian-talmud-vol-07-Baba-Metzia-Baba-Bathra", "rodkinson--babylonian-talmud-vol-08-Aboth-Derech-Eretz", "rodkinson--babylonian-talmud-vol-09-Sanhedrin-Maccoth" ], "has_project_translation": false, "steiner_loci": [] }, "parents": [], "translation": { "title": null, "author": null, "source": null }, "chapters": [ { "num": 1, "slug": "vol-1-01-dedication", "title": "Dedication", "words": 89, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-01-dedication/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-01-dedication.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol I — Dedication", "blurb": "Rodkinson's dedication of his New Edition translation of the Babylonian Talmud (1903 first volume). The frame for the entire nine-volume Boston Talmud Society edition." }, { "num": 2, "slug": "vol-1-03-preface-to-the-second-edition", "title": "Preface to the Second Edition", "words": 366, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-03-preface-to-the-second-edition/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-03-preface-to-the-second-edition.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol I — Preface to the Second Edition", "blurb": "Rodkinson's preface to the second edition of Vol I. Addresses the reception of the first edition; clarifies the editorial principles; defends the abridgement (the *New Edition* omits much of the discursive Gemara to focus on the legal substance)." }, { "num": 3, "slug": "vol-1-04-editors-preface", "title": "Editor's Preface", "words": 2495, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-04-editors-preface/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-04-editors-preface.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol I — Editor's Preface", "blurb": "The editor's preface establishing the principles of the New Edition translation: the marking of Tenan/Tania/Itemar formulae; the treatment of *Lishna achrena*; the punctuation conventions; the role of round and square brackets for Rashi and later commentators." }, { "num": 4, "slug": "vol-1-05-brief-general-introduction-to-the-babylonian-talmud", "title": "Brief General Introduction to the Babylonian Talmud", "words": 1706, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-05-brief-general-introduction-to-the-babylonian-talmud/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-05-brief-general-introduction-to-the-babylonian-talmud.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol I — Brief General Introduction to the Babylonian Talmud", "blurb": "The introductory essay placing the Babylonian Talmud in context. The Mishnah of c. 200 CE; the Babylonian and Palestinian Gemaras; the structure (Mishnah + Gemara); the relation of the New Edition's selective translation to the unabridged original." }, { "num": 5, "slug": "vol-1-06-introduction-to-tract-sabbath", "title": "Introduction to Tract Sabbath", "words": 2710, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-06-introduction-to-tract-sabbath/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-06-introduction-to-tract-sabbath.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol I — Introduction to Tract Sabbath", "blurb": "Introduction to Tract Sabbath (Shabbat) — the first tractate translated. The biblical foundations (Fourth Commandment); the thirty-nine *avot melakhot* (principal categories of forbidden labour) derived from the Tabernacle's construction; the rabbinic *fence* of supplementary prohibitions." }, { "num": 6, "slug": "vol-1-07-synopsis-of-subjects", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects", "words": 3123, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-07-synopsis-of-subjects/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-07-synopsis-of-subjects.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol I — Synopsis of Subjects (Tract Sabbath)", "blurb": "Rodkinson's synopsis of the subjects treated in Tract Sabbath. Useful navigation-aid mapping the topical content across the 24 chapters that follow." }, { "num": 7, "slug": "vol-1-08-chapter-i-regulations-regarding-transfer-on-sabbath", "title": "Chapter I: Regulations Regarding Transfer on Sabbath", "words": 13559, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-08-chapter-i-regulations-regarding-transfer-on-sabbath/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-08-chapter-i-regulations-regarding-transfer-on-sabbath.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch I — Transfer between domains on the Sabbath", "blurb": "Opens Tract Sabbath. The classical four domains (public, private, *karmelit*, exempt) and the rules governing transfer between them. The foundational labour-category (*hotza'ah*) on which all other Sabbath-prohibitions rest." }, { "num": 8, "slug": "vol-1-09-chapter-ii-regulations-concerning-the-sabbath-and-hanukah", "title": "Chapter II: Regulations Concerning The Sabbath And 'Hanukah Light", "words": 14396, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-09-chapter-ii-regulations-concerning-the-sabbath-and-hanukah/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-09-chapter-ii-regulations-concerning-the-sabbath-and-hanukah.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch II — Sabbath and Hanukkah lights", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the Sabbath light (Ner Shabbat) and the Hanukkah light. The wicks and oils permitted for kindling; the placement of the Hanukkah menorah; the precedence rules when Hanukkah falls on the Sabbath." }, { "num": 9, "slug": "vol-1-10-chapter-iii-regulations-concerning-stoves-hearths-and-ovens", "title": "Chapter III: Regulations Concerning Stoves, Hearths, and Ovens", "words": 8914, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-10-chapter-iii-regulations-concerning-stoves-hearths-and-ovens/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-10-chapter-iii-regulations-concerning-stoves-hearths-and-ovens.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch III — Stoves, hearths, and ovens", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the heating apparatus on the Sabbath: which kinds of stoves may be left burning, what may be left to cook, the prohibition of *bishul* (cooking) and its many derived sub-cases." }, { "num": 10, "slug": "vol-1-11-chapter-iv-regulations-concerning-victuals-where-they-may", "title": "Chapter IV: Regulations Concerning Victuals, Where They May or May Not Be Deposited to Retain Their Heat for the Sabbath", "words": 3445, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-11-chapter-iv-regulations-concerning-victuals-where-they-may/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-11-chapter-iv-regulations-concerning-victuals-where-they-may.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch IV — Where victuals may be deposited", "blurb": "Regulations concerning where food may and may not be deposited on the Sabbath to keep warm. The various containers and substances and the rabbinic anxiety lest re-heating cross into forbidden cooking." }, { "num": 11, "slug": "vol-1-12-chapter-v-regulations-concerning-what-may-and-may-not-be", "title": "Chapter V: Regulations Concerning What May and May Not Be Worn by Animals on the Sabbath", "words": 7086, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-12-chapter-v-regulations-concerning-what-may-and-may-not-be/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-12-chapter-v-regulations-concerning-what-may-and-may-not-be.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch V — What animals may wear on the Sabbath", "blurb": "Regulations concerning what may and may not be worn by animals on the Sabbath. The animals partake of the Sabbath rest; what is considered burden (forbidden) versus what is considered adornment or protection (permitted)." }, { "num": 12, "slug": "vol-1-13-chapter-vi-regulations-concerning-what-garments-women-may", "title": "Chapter VI: Regulations Concerning What Garments Women May Go Out With On the Sabbath", "words": 8717, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-13-chapter-vi-regulations-concerning-what-garments-women-may/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-13-chapter-vi-regulations-concerning-what-garments-women-may.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch VI — Women's garments and ornaments", "blurb": "Regulations concerning what garments and ornaments women (and men) may go out wearing on the Sabbath. The distinction between actual garments and what counts as carried object; the disputes over particular ornaments and their classification." }, { "num": 13, "slug": "vol-1-14-chapter-vii-the-general-rule-concerning-the-principal-acts", "title": "Chapter VII: The General Rule Concerning the Principal Acts of Labor on Sabbath", "words": 6727, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-14-chapter-vii-the-general-rule-concerning-the-principal-acts/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-14-chapter-vii-the-general-rule-concerning-the-principal-acts.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch VII — The thirty-nine principal labours", "blurb": "The classical chapter enumerating the **thirty-nine principal acts of labour** (avot melakhot) forbidden on the Sabbath, derived from the construction of the Tabernacle. The doctrinal foundation of the entire halakhah of Sabbath." }, { "num": 14, "slug": "vol-1-15-chapter-viii-regulations-concerning-the-prescribed", "title": "Chapter VIII: Regulations Concerning the Prescribed Quantities of Victuals and Beverages Which Must Not Be Carried About on the Sabbath", "words": 4981, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-15-chapter-viii-regulations-concerning-the-prescribed/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-15-chapter-viii-regulations-concerning-the-prescribed.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch VIII — Prescribed quantities for labour-categories", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the prescribed quantities of victuals and of various substances — the minimum amount the carrying or transporting of which constitutes the forbidden act. The legal-mechanical specification of the abstract labour-categories." }, { "num": 15, "slug": "vol-1-16-chapter-ix-rabbi-aqibas-regulations-on-different-subjects", "title": "Chapter IX: Rabbi Aqiba's Regulations On Different Subjects", "words": 7622, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-16-chapter-ix-rabbi-aqibas-regulations-on-different-subjects/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-16-chapter-ix-rabbi-aqibas-regulations-on-different-subjects.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch IX — R. Aqiba's Sabbath regulations", "blurb": "Miscellaneous regulations attributed to R. Aqiba — the great early-second-century master to whom many distinctive halakhic positions are traced. The chapter that gathers diverse sub-topics under his authority." }, { "num": 16, "slug": "vol-1-17-chapter-x-further-regulations-concerning-the-prescribed", "title": "Chapter X: Further Regulations Concerning The Prescribed Quantity of Things To Be Stored", "words": 5331, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-17-chapter-x-further-regulations-concerning-the-prescribed/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-17-chapter-x-further-regulations-concerning-the-prescribed.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch X — Further quantity regulations", "blurb": "Continuation of the quantity-of-substance rules from Ch VIII, with further sub-cases — particular substances whose minimum forbidden amount required additional specification." }, { "num": 17, "slug": "vol-1-19-explanatory-remarks", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 158, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-19-explanatory-remarks/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-19-explanatory-remarks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol I — Explanatory Remarks (interpolated)", "blurb": "Interpolated explanatory remarks from Rodkinson clarifying technical translation choices. Often consists of editorial notes that did not fit cleanly within the chapter divisions." }, { "num": 18, "slug": "vol-1-20-synopsis-of-subjects-of-volume-ii--tract-sabbath", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects of Volume II.--Tract Sabbath", "words": 3430, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-20-synopsis-of-subjects-of-volume-ii--tract-sabbath/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-20-synopsis-of-subjects-of-volume-ii--tract-sabbath.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol I — Synopsis of Vol II (continued Tract Sabbath)", "blurb": "Synopsis of the chapters of Tract Sabbath that continue into Vol II of the original Hebrew edition (=chapters XI through XXIV in the present English numbering). Navigation-aid for the second half of Sabbath." }, { "num": 19, "slug": "vol-1-21-chapter-xi-regulations-concerning-throwing-from-one-ground", "title": "Chapter XI. Regulations Concerning Throwing From One Ground Into Another.", "words": 6719, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-21-chapter-xi-regulations-concerning-throwing-from-one-ground/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-21-chapter-xi-regulations-concerning-throwing-from-one-ground.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XI — Throwing between domains", "blurb": "Regulations concerning throwing from one ground (domain) to another on the Sabbath. The case of objects thrown rather than carried; the minimum distances and the classification of throws by trajectory and intent." }, { "num": 20, "slug": "vol-1-22-chapter-xii-regulations-concerning-building-ploughing-etc", "title": "Chapter XII: Regulations Concerning Building, Ploughing, etc., On the Sabbath", "words": 3580, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-22-chapter-xii-regulations-concerning-building-ploughing-etc/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-22-chapter-xii-regulations-concerning-building-ploughing-etc.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XII — Building, ploughing, and related labours", "blurb": "Regulations concerning building, ploughing, and the related construction-derived labours that constitute the heart of the *melakhot* derived from the Tabernacle's erection. Minimum measures and contested sub-cases." }, { "num": 21, "slug": "vol-1-23-chapter-xiii-regulations-concerning-weaving-tearing-hunting", "title": "Chapter XIII: Regulations Concerning Weaving, Tearing, Hunting, etc., on the Sabbath", "words": 2332, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-23-chapter-xiii-regulations-concerning-weaving-tearing-hunting/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-23-chapter-xiii-regulations-concerning-weaving-tearing-hunting.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XIII — Weaving, tearing, hunting", "blurb": "Regulations concerning weaving, tearing of cloth, and hunting. The textile labours derived from the Tabernacle's curtains and the hunting-related labours derived from the procuring of the skins." }, { "num": 22, "slug": "vol-1-24-chapter-xiv-regulations-concerning-the-catching-of-reptiles", "title": "Chapter XIV: Regulations Concerning the Catching of Reptiles, Animals and Birds", "words": 4760, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-24-chapter-xiv-regulations-concerning-the-catching-of-reptiles/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-24-chapter-xiv-regulations-concerning-the-catching-of-reptiles.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XIV — Catching reptiles and similar trapping", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the catching of reptiles on the Sabbath and similar trapping-cases. The general principle of *tzedah* (trapping) applied to small creatures; the medical exceptions for dangerous animals." }, { "num": 23, "slug": "vol-1-25-chapter-xv-regulations-concerning-the-tying-and-untying-of", "title": "Chapter XV: Regulations Concerning the Tying and Untying of Knots on the Sabbath", "words": 4009, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-25-chapter-xv-regulations-concerning-the-tying-and-untying-of/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-25-chapter-xv-regulations-concerning-the-tying-and-untying-of.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XV — Knots: tying and untying", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the tying and untying of knots on the Sabbath. The classical camel-driver's and boatman's knots that incur guilt; the distinction between permanent knots (forbidden) and temporary knots (permitted)." }, { "num": 24, "slug": "vol-1-26-chapter-xvi-regulations-concerning-articles-which-may-be", "title": "Chapter XVI: Regulations Concerning Articles Which May be Saved From a Conflagration on Sabbath", "words": 11981, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-26-chapter-xvi-regulations-concerning-articles-which-may-be/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-26-chapter-xvi-regulations-concerning-articles-which-may-be.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XVI — Saving articles from fire", "blurb": "Regulations concerning articles which may and may not be saved from a Sabbath conflagration. The priority of saving sacred writings; the limits on saving personal property; the principle that life-saving overrides all Sabbath restrictions." }, { "num": 25, "slug": "vol-1-27-chapter-xvii-regulations-concerning-handling-of-utensils", "title": "Chapter XVII: Regulations Concerning Handling of Utensils and Furniture on the Sabbath", "words": 4339, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-27-chapter-xvii-regulations-concerning-handling-of-utensils/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-27-chapter-xvii-regulations-concerning-handling-of-utensils.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XVII — Handling of utensils (*muktzah*)", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the handling of utensils on the Sabbath. The doctrine of *muktzah* — categories of objects that may not be handled because they are *set aside* (have no permitted Sabbath use); the distinctions among utensils used for permitted and forbidden labours." }, { "num": 26, "slug": "vol-1-28-chapter-xviii-regulations-regarding-the-clearing-off-of", "title": "Chapter XVIII: Regulations Regarding the Clearing Off of Required Space, the Assistance To Be Given Cattle When Giving Birth To Their Young and To Women About To Be Confined", "words": 5450, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-28-chapter-xviii-regulations-regarding-the-clearing-off-of/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-28-chapter-xviii-regulations-regarding-the-clearing-off-of.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XVIII — Clearing off (for guests, for childbirth)", "blurb": "Regulations regarding the clearing off of stored substances on the Sabbath — when it is permitted to move quantities of straw or grain to make room for guests, for disciples studying Torah, or for the laboring woman." }, { "num": 27, "slug": "vol-1-29-chapter-xix-regulations-ordained-by-r-eliezer-concerning", "title": "Chapter XIX: Regulations Ordained by R. Eliezer Concerning Circumcision on the Sabbath", "words": 9336, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-29-chapter-xix-regulations-ordained-by-r-eliezer-concerning/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-29-chapter-xix-regulations-ordained-by-r-eliezer-concerning.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XIX — R. Eliezer on circumcision-on-Sabbath", "blurb": "Regulations ordained by R. Eliezer concerning the *brit milah* that falls on the Sabbath. The labours permitted for the eighth-day circumcision; the principle of *over-riding the Sabbath* for biblical obligations whose time is fixed." }, { "num": 28, "slug": "vol-1-30-chapter-xx-regulations-concerning-certain-acts-of-labor", "title": "Chapter XX: Regulations Concerning Certain Acts of Labor Which Must be Performed Differently on a Sabbath and on a Festival", "words": 5739, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-30-chapter-xx-regulations-concerning-certain-acts-of-labor/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-30-chapter-xx-regulations-concerning-certain-acts-of-labor.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XX — Filtering and straining on Sabbath", "blurb": "Regulations concerning certain acts of labour — chiefly filtering and straining of liquids on the Sabbath. The distinction between separating mixed kinds (the forbidden *borer*) and ordinary food-preparation." }, { "num": 29, "slug": "vol-1-31-chapter-xxi-regulations-concerning-the-pouring-out-of-wine", "title": "Chapter XXI: Regulations Concerning the Pouring Out of Wine From Vessels Covered With a Stone (Which Must Not Be Lifted), and the Clearing Off of Crumbs, etc., From the Table", "words": 2403, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-31-chapter-xxi-regulations-concerning-the-pouring-out-of-wine/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-31-chapter-xxi-regulations-concerning-the-pouring-out-of-wine.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XXI — Indirect carrying and pouring of wine", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the pouring out of wine and related cases of indirect carrying — when a forbidden act is committed only by extension or implication, and how the legal classification operates in such derived cases." }, { "num": 30, "slug": "vol-1-32-chapter-xxii-regulations-concerning-preparation-of-food-and", "title": "Chapter XXII: Regulations Concerning Preparation of Food and Beverages", "words": 6358, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-32-chapter-xxii-regulations-concerning-preparation-of-food-and/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-32-chapter-xxii-regulations-concerning-preparation-of-food-and.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XXII — Salvage from a broken cask", "blurb": "Regulations concerning preparation of food on the Sabbath after damage to its container. Three-meals'-worth may be saved from a broken cask; the owner may call others to save for themselves; the lenient treatment of accidental damage." }, { "num": 31, "slug": "vol-1-33-chapter-xxiii-borrowing-casting-lots-waiting-for-the-close", "title": "Chapter XXIII: Borrowing, Casting Lots, Waiting for the Close of the Sabbath, and Attending to a Corpse", "words": 9417, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-33-chapter-xxiii-borrowing-casting-lots-waiting-for-the-close/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-33-chapter-xxiii-borrowing-casting-lots-waiting-for-the-close.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XXIII — Borrowing without commercial language", "blurb": "Regulations concerning borrowing on the Sabbath without commercial language; casting lots; waiting for the close of the Sabbath. The disciplines that keep Sabbath-rest from being eroded by quasi-commercial transaction." }, { "num": 32, "slug": "vol-1-34-chapter-xxvi-regulations-concerning-a-man-who-is-overtaken", "title": "Chapter XXVI: Regulations Concerning a Man Who is Overtaken by Dusk on the Eve of Sabbath While Travelling, and Concerning Feeding of Cattle.", "words": 7261, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-34-chapter-xxvi-regulations-concerning-a-man-who-is-overtaken/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-34-chapter-xxvi-regulations-concerning-a-man-who-is-overtaken.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sabbath Ch XXIV — The traveller overtaken by dusk", "blurb": "Closes Tract Sabbath. Regulations concerning a man overtaken by Sabbath-dusk on the road. He gives his purse to a heathen; failing that, places it on his ass; failing that, drops it. The graduated lenities for the wayfarer." }, { "num": 33, "slug": "vol-1-35-the-prayer-at-the-conclusion-of-a-tract", "title": "The Prayer at the Conclusion of a Tract", "words": 961, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-35-the-prayer-at-the-conclusion-of-a-tract/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-35-the-prayer-at-the-conclusion-of-a-tract.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol I — Prayer at the Conclusion of a Tract (*Hadran*)", "blurb": "The traditional *Hadran* prayer recited upon completing a tractate of Talmud. *We shall return unto thee, Tractate, and thou shalt return unto us; we shall not forget thee, Tractate, and thou shalt not forget us.* The mutual-vow that closes every completed *seder* of study." }, { "num": 34, "slug": "vol-1-36-appendix", "title": "Appendix", "words": 4256, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-1-36-appendix/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-1-36-appendix.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol I — Appendix", "blurb": "Editorial appendix to Vol I. Supplementary material — chiefly textual notes, cross-references to other tractates, and editorial discussions deferred from the main chapters." }, { "num": 35, "slug": "vol-2-00-babylonian-talmud", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 226, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-00-babylonian-talmud/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-00-babylonian-talmud.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol II — Explanatory Remarks and Title Page (Erubin, Shekalim, Rosh Hashanah)", "blurb": "Opens Vol II. Rodkinson's standard Explanatory Remarks repeated; the title-page of the volume covering Tract Erubin (the third of the Sabbath series), Tract Shekalim, and Tract Rosh Hashanah." }, { "num": 36, "slug": "vol-2-02-introduction-to-tract-erubin", "title": "Introduction to Tract Erubin", "words": 914, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-02-introduction-to-tract-erubin/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-02-introduction-to-tract-erubin.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol II — Introduction to Tract Erubin", "blurb": "Introduction to Tract Erubin (the *combinings* — the rabbinic device by which the boundaries of permitted Sabbath-carrying are extended). Erubin is virtually the third of the Sabbath series; its laws are mostly rabbinical rather than directly biblical." }, { "num": 37, "slug": "vol-2-03-synopsis-of-tract-erubin", "title": "Synopsis of Tract Erubin", "words": 4185, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-03-synopsis-of-tract-erubin/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-03-synopsis-of-tract-erubin.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol II — Synopsis of Tract Erubin", "blurb": "Rodkinson's synopsis of the ten chapters of Tract Erubin. Navigation-aid for the subjects treated in detail in the chapters that follow." }, { "num": 38, "slug": "vol-2-04-chapter-i-size-of-erubin", "title": "Chapter I: Size of Erubin", "words": 17719, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-04-chapter-i-size-of-erubin/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-04-chapter-i-size-of-erubin.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Erubin Ch I — The size of erubin (combinings)", "blurb": "Opens Tract Erubin. The dimensions of the *erub* — the symbolic combining of domains by means of a beam (*korah*) or post (*lehi*) at an alleyway's mouth, or by shared bread, which extends the Sabbath-domain." }, { "num": 39, "slug": "vol-2-05-chapter-ii-use-of-wells-and-gardens-on-the-sabbath", "title": "Chapter II: Use of Wells and Gardens on the Sabbath", "words": 9753, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-05-chapter-ii-use-of-wells-and-gardens-on-the-sabbath/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-05-chapter-ii-use-of-wells-and-gardens-on-the-sabbath.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Erubin Ch II — Use of wells and gardens on the Sabbath", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the use of wells, gardens, and similar enclosed spaces on the Sabbath. The application of the erub-mechanism to specific cases of partly-enclosed agricultural property." }, { "num": 40, "slug": "vol-2-06-chapter-iii-location-of-erubin-and-limits-on-sabbath-travel", "title": "Chapter III: Location of Erubin and Limits on Sabbath Travel.", "words": 14254, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-06-chapter-iii-location-of-erubin-and-limits-on-sabbath-travel/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-06-chapter-iii-location-of-erubin-and-limits-on-sabbath-travel.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Erubin Ch III — Location of the erub; Sabbath-travel limits", "blurb": "Regulations concerning where the *erub-bread* may be placed and the technical aspects of the *tehum Shabbat* — the 2000-cubit Sabbath-travel limit measured from one's place at the onset of the Sabbath." }, { "num": 41, "slug": "vol-2-07-chapter-iv-sabbath-travel", "title": "Chapter IV: Sabbath Travel", "words": 12056, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-07-chapter-iv-sabbath-travel/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-07-chapter-iv-sabbath-travel.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Erubin Ch IV — Sabbath-travel limits in detail", "blurb": "Detailed regulations concerning the Sabbath-travel limit (*tehum*) — how it is measured, how it is extended by erub, what happens when one is overtaken outside it, and how the limits apply in different topographies." }, { "num": 42, "slug": "vol-2-08-chapter-v-town-boundaries-and-legal-limits", "title": "Chapter V: Town Boundaries and Legal Limits", "words": 11440, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-08-chapter-v-town-boundaries-and-legal-limits/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-08-chapter-v-town-boundaries-and-legal-limits.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Erubin Ch V — Town boundaries and legal limits", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the boundaries of towns for purposes of the Sabbath-limit. How the city walls are extended for erub-calculation; how the *karpef* (enclosed area outside the city) is treated; the legal-cartographic principles." }, { "num": 43, "slug": "vol-2-09-chapter-vi-erubin-of-courts-and-partnerships", "title": "Chapter VI: Erubin of Courts and Partnerships", "words": 15446, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-09-chapter-vi-erubin-of-courts-and-partnerships/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-09-chapter-vi-erubin-of-courts-and-partnerships.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Erubin Ch VI — Erubin of courts and partnerships", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the *erub of courts* — the shared bread that makes a common courtyard into a single domain for Sabbath-carrying purposes. The partnership-cases where neighbors create an erub by joint contribution." }, { "num": 44, "slug": "vol-2-10-chapter-vii-erubin-in-courts-and-alleys", "title": "Chapter VII: Erubin in Courts and Alleys", "words": 8612, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-10-chapter-vii-erubin-in-courts-and-alleys/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-10-chapter-vii-erubin-in-courts-and-alleys.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Erubin Ch VII — Erubin in courts and alleys", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the application of the erub to alleyways (*mavoy*) opening onto a public domain. The technical structures (post, beam, side-wall) that convert an alley into a private domain for Sabbath purposes." }, { "num": 45, "slug": "vol-2-11-chapter-viii-erubin-of-limits-food-required-for-erubin", "title": "Chapter VIII: Erubin of Limits, Food Required for Erubin, Erubin of Courts", "words": 7146, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-11-chapter-viii-erubin-of-limits-food-required-for-erubin/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-11-chapter-viii-erubin-of-limits-food-required-for-erubin.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Erubin Ch VIII — Food required for erub", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the food required to constitute a valid *erub* — what kinds and quantities; how the food is treated after the Sabbath; what happens if the food is consumed before the Sabbath begins." }, { "num": 46, "slug": "vol-2-12-chapter-ix-combining-of-roofs-on-sabbath", "title": "Chapter IX: Combining of Roofs on Sabbath", "words": 5950, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-12-chapter-ix-combining-of-roofs-on-sabbath/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-12-chapter-ix-combining-of-roofs-on-sabbath.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Erubin Ch IX — Combining of roofs", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the combining of roofs of adjacent buildings for Sabbath-carrying purposes. The technical question of when roofs form a single domain and when they remain separate." }, { "num": 47, "slug": "vol-2-13-chapter-x-sundry-sabbath-regulations", "title": "Chapter X: Sundry Sabbath Regulations.", "words": 11210, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-13-chapter-x-sundry-sabbath-regulations/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-13-chapter-x-sundry-sabbath-regulations.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Erubin Ch X — Sundry Sabbath regulations", "blurb": "Closes Tract Erubin. Miscellaneous Sabbath regulations not fitting the previous chapters' thematic organisation — gathered here in the customary closing-chapter pattern of Talmudic tractate structure." }, { "num": 48, "slug": "vol-2-15-explanatory-remarks", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 178, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-15-explanatory-remarks/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-15-explanatory-remarks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol II — Explanatory Remarks (interpolated)", "blurb": "Editorial interpolated explanatory remarks between tractates within Vol II. Standard editorial notes on translation conventions." }, { "num": 49, "slug": "vol-2-17-preface-to-tract-shekalim", "title": "Preface to Tract Shekalim", "words": 503, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-17-preface-to-tract-shekalim/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-17-preface-to-tract-shekalim.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol II — Preface to Tract Shekalim", "blurb": "Preface to Tract Shekalim (*Half-shekels*) — concerning the annual half-shekel offering required of each adult male Israelite for the support of the Temple, biblical basis Exodus 30:11-16. Tract Shekalim is the only tractate of Seder Moed for which there is Palestinian but no Babylonian Gemara." }, { "num": 50, "slug": "vol-2-18-tract-shekalim-synopsis-of-subjects", "title": "Tract Shekalim: Synopsis of Subjects", "words": 2309, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-18-tract-shekalim-synopsis-of-subjects/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-18-tract-shekalim-synopsis-of-subjects.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol II — Synopsis of Tract Shekalim", "blurb": "Synopsis of the eight chapters of Tract Shekalim that follow." }, { "num": 51, "slug": "vol-2-19-chapter-i", "title": "Chapter I.", "words": 20766, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-19-chapter-i/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-19-chapter-i.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Shekalim Ch I — The collection of the half-shekels", "blurb": "Opens Tract Shekalim. The proclamation on the first of Adar concerning the half-shekel; the dates by which the collection must be made; who is obligated, who is exempt; the children whose parents made the contribution." }, { "num": 52, "slug": "vol-2-20-chapter-ii", "title": "Chapter II.", "words": 5831, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-20-chapter-ii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-20-chapter-ii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Shekalim Ch II — The collection-chambers", "blurb": "The collection-chambers of the Temple where the half-shekels were stored; the *Lishkat Hashtokin* (chamber of secret offerings); the disbursement of the funds; the question of remainder funds and their disposition." }, { "num": 53, "slug": "vol-2-21-chapter-iii", "title": "Chapter III.", "words": 5274, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-21-chapter-iii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-21-chapter-iii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Shekalim Ch III — The three withdrawal-times of the year", "blurb": "The three times each year when the Temple treasury was opened to withdraw funds for the public sacrifices — before Pesach, before Atzeret (Shavuot), and before Sukkot. The procedure; the dignified attire of the priest who entered the chamber." }, { "num": 54, "slug": "vol-2-22-chapter-iv", "title": "Chapter IV.", "words": 8470, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-22-chapter-iv/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-22-chapter-iv.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Shekalim Ch IV — Uses of the half-shekel collection", "blurb": "The uses to which the half-shekel collection was put: the daily public offerings, the festival offerings, the additional offerings, the red heifer, the scapegoat, and the various other communal expenses." }, { "num": 55, "slug": "vol-2-23-chapter-v", "title": "Chapter V.", "words": 1754, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-23-chapter-v/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-23-chapter-v.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Shekalim Ch V — Officers and overseers of the Temple", "blurb": "The fifteen officers of the Temple and their specific functions: the *Memunim* over the various departments — the lots, the seals, the libations, the music, the bread of presence, the curtain, the priestly garments." }, { "num": 56, "slug": "vol-2-24-chapter-vi", "title": "Chapter VI.", "words": 1503, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-24-chapter-vi/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-24-chapter-vi.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Shekalim Ch VI — The thirteen *shofarot* and the thirteen tables", "blurb": "The thirteen *shofarot* (trumpet-shaped collection boxes) in the Temple court and the contributions specific to each; the thirteen tables for the priestly meal-offerings; the thirteen prostrations of the festival-goer entering the Temple." }, { "num": 57, "slug": "vol-2-25-chapter-vii", "title": "Chapter VII.", "words": 1389, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-25-chapter-vii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-25-chapter-vii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Shekalim Ch VII — Found objects in the Temple", "blurb": "Regulations concerning objects found in the Temple precincts: money, animals, sacrificial materials. The disposition of unattributed sacred property; the principle of caution that governs handling of any item that might be sanctified." }, { "num": 58, "slug": "vol-2-26-chapter-viii", "title": "Chapter VIII.", "words": 1376, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-26-chapter-viii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-26-chapter-viii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Shekalim Ch VIII — Closing regulations on Temple administration", "blurb": "Closes Tract Shekalim. Closing regulations on Temple administration — found spittle and bones; the rule that any saliva in the Temple street is presumed pure; the treatment of bloodstains and similar substances." }, { "num": 59, "slug": "vol-2-28-introduction-to-tract-rosh-hashana-new-years-day", "title": "Introduction to Tract Rosh Hashana (New Year's Day)", "words": 1516, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-28-introduction-to-tract-rosh-hashana-new-years-day/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-28-introduction-to-tract-rosh-hashana-new-years-day.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol II — Introduction to Tract Rosh Hashanah", "blurb": "Introduction to Tract Rosh Hashanah — concerning the New Year, the Day of Judgment. The four New Years (for kings, for the tithe of cattle, for trees, for the year-count); the procedure of witness-testimony for the new moon; the shofar." }, { "num": 60, "slug": "vol-2-29-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-rosh-hashana", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects of Tract Rosh Hashana", "words": 2855, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-2-29-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-rosh-hashana/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-2-29-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-rosh-hashana.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol II — Synopsis of Tract Rosh Hashanah", "blurb": "Synopsis of Tract Rosh Hashanah. (In the New Edition, the chapter-by-chapter content of Rosh Hashanah is not fully translated; this synopsis serves as the topical guide.)" }, { "num": 61, "slug": "vol-3-00-babylonian-talmud", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 171, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-00-babylonian-talmud/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-00-babylonian-talmud.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol III — Explanatory Remarks and Title Page (Pesachim, Yoma, Chagigah)", "blurb": "Opens Vol III. Title-page covering Tract Pesachim (Passover), Tract Yoma (Day of Atonement), and Tract Chagigah (Festival-offerings)." }, { "num": 62, "slug": "vol-3-03-synopsis-of-subjects", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects", "words": 3265, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-03-synopsis-of-subjects/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-03-synopsis-of-subjects.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol III — Synopsis of Subjects (Pesachim)", "blurb": "Synopsis of the ten chapters of Tract Pesachim concerning the Passover sacrifice, the unleavened bread, and the laws of the seder-night." }, { "num": 63, "slug": "vol-3-04-chapter-i-concerning-the-removal-of-leaven-from-the-house", "title": "Chapter I. Concerning the Removal of Leaven from the House", "words": 12861, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-04-chapter-i-concerning-the-removal-of-leaven-from-the-house/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-04-chapter-i-concerning-the-removal-of-leaven-from-the-house.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pesachim Ch I — The removal of leaven from the house", "blurb": "Opens Tract Pesachim. The *bedikat chametz* — the search for and removal of leaven from the house on the eve of Passover. The candle, the search, the burning; the disposal of remaining chametz." }, { "num": 64, "slug": "vol-3-05-chapter-ii-time-for-eating-unleavened-bread-and-material", "title": "Chapter II: Time for Eating Unleavened Bread and Material Used for Making Unleavened Bread and Bitter Herbs", "words": 16571, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-05-chapter-ii-time-for-eating-unleavened-bread-and-material/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-05-chapter-ii-time-for-eating-unleavened-bread-and-material.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pesachim Ch II — Eating *matzah*; permitted materials", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the times for eating unleavened bread (*matzah*) and the materials from which it may be made. The five grains that are subject to leavening; the parallel five from which matzah may be made; what may not be used." }, { "num": 65, "slug": "vol-3-06-chapter-iii-regulations-concerning-articles-which-cause", "title": "Chapter III: Regulations Concerning Articles Which Cause Transgression of the Law Prohibiting Leaven to be Seen or Found in the House of an Israelite.", "words": 6822, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-06-chapter-iii-regulations-concerning-articles-which-cause/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-06-chapter-iii-regulations-concerning-articles-which-cause.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pesachim Ch III — Articles that cause leavening", "blurb": "Regulations concerning articles which cause leavening (*chametz*) or which contain leaven in mixture. The complex cases of liquids, dyes, and pastes that contain leavening agents; the principles of nullification." }, { "num": 66, "slug": "vol-3-07-chapter-iv-regulations-concerning-work-which-may-and-must", "title": "Chapter IV: Regulations Concerning Work Which May and Must not be Performed on the Day Before Passover", "words": 9634, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-07-chapter-iv-regulations-concerning-work-which-may-and-must/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-07-chapter-iv-regulations-concerning-work-which-may-and-must.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pesachim Ch IV — Work on the day before Passover", "blurb": "Regulations concerning work which may and may not be done on the day before Passover. The custom of local communities; the half-day of work-cessation; the rules for craftsmen who must complete urgent jobs." }, { "num": 67, "slug": "vol-3-08-chapter-v-regulations-concerning-the-sacrifice-of-the", "title": "Chapter V: Regulations Concerning the Sacrifice of the Paschal Lamb", "words": 7974, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-08-chapter-v-regulations-concerning-the-sacrifice-of-the/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-08-chapter-v-regulations-concerning-the-sacrifice-of-the.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pesachim Ch V — The Paschal sacrifice in the Temple", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the Paschal sacrifice in its Temple-period observance. The three groups who entered the Temple in succession on the afternoon of the 14th; the slaughtering; the receiving of the blood; the burning of the fat; the Hallel sung." }, { "num": 68, "slug": "vol-3-09-chapter-vi-regulations-concerning-acts-which-supersede-the", "title": "Chapter VI: Regulations Concerning Acts Which Supersede the Due Observance of the Sabbath; The Paschal Offering; What if One Sacrifice is Confounded with Another", "words": 7467, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-09-chapter-vi-regulations-concerning-acts-which-supersede-the/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-09-chapter-vi-regulations-concerning-acts-which-supersede-the.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pesachim Ch VI — Acts superseding the Sabbath for Passover", "blurb": "Regulations concerning acts which supersede the Sabbath when Passover falls on the Sabbath. The biblical command of the Paschal sacrifice overrides the Sabbath; the legal mechanism by which this exception operates." }, { "num": 69, "slug": "vol-3-10-chapter-vii-roasting-the-paschal-lamb-if-the-paschal-lamb", "title": "Chapter VII: Roasting the Paschal Lamb; If the Paschal Lamb Becomes Defiled; Parts of Lamb Eaten", "words": 13283, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-10-chapter-vii-roasting-the-paschal-lamb-if-the-paschal-lamb/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-10-chapter-vii-roasting-the-paschal-lamb-if-the-paschal-lamb.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pesachim Ch VII — Roasting the Paschal lamb", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the roasting of the Paschal lamb. The exclusively roasted preparation (no boiling); the spit of pomegranate wood; what to do if the lamb becomes impure or unfit before being eaten." }, { "num": 70, "slug": "vol-3-11-chapter-viii-those-obligated-to-eat-the-paschal-sacrifice", "title": "Chapter VIII: Those Obligated to Eat the Paschal Sacrifice; Where It May Be Eaten; Companies Appointed to Eat It; Difference Between First and Second Passover", "words": 8192, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-11-chapter-viii-those-obligated-to-eat-the-paschal-sacrifice/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-11-chapter-viii-those-obligated-to-eat-the-paschal-sacrifice.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pesachim Ch VIII — Those obligated to eat the Paschal sacrifice", "blurb": "Regulations concerning who is obligated to eat the Paschal sacrifice: the householders enrolled in the *chaburah* (group); the inclusion of women, slaves, and minors; the exclusion of the uncircumcised and the impure." }, { "num": 71, "slug": "vol-3-12-chapter-ix-the-second-passover-passover-during-exodus-mixed", "title": "Chapter IX: The Second Passover; Passover during Exodus; Mixed Paschal Sacrifices", "words": 7984, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-12-chapter-ix-the-second-passover-passover-during-exodus-mixed/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-12-chapter-ix-the-second-passover-passover-during-exodus-mixed.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pesachim Ch IX — The Second Passover; the Exodus Passover", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the *Pesach Sheni* (Second Passover, one month later, for those unable to keep the first); the special character of the original Egyptian Passover; mixed cases where animals from different households are confounded." }, { "num": 72, "slug": "vol-3-13-chapter-x-the-meal-on-the-eve-of-passover-and-the-four-cups", "title": "Chapter X: The Meal on the Eve of Passover and the Four Cups of Wine", "words": 22005, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-13-chapter-x-the-meal-on-the-eve-of-passover-and-the-four-cups/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-13-chapter-x-the-meal-on-the-eve-of-passover-and-the-four-cups.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Pesachim Ch X — The Seder meal and the four cups", "blurb": "The famous closing chapter on the Seder meal — the ritualised retelling of the Exodus, the four cups of wine, the four questions, the four sons, the eating of the matzah and the bitter herbs, the Hallel and the closing benedictions. The foundation of the surviving Passover liturgy." }, { "num": 73, "slug": "vol-3-14-appendix-a", "title": "Appendix A", "words": 1820, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-14-appendix-a/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-14-appendix-a.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol III — Appendix A to Pesachim", "blurb": "Editorial appendix supplementing Tract Pesachim with material on customs, variants of the Seder liturgy, and editorial notes on textual cruxes." }, { "num": 74, "slug": "vol-3-15-appendix-b", "title": "Appendix B", "words": 521, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-15-appendix-b/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-15-appendix-b.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol III — Appendix B to Pesachim", "blurb": "A further editorial appendix to Pesachim, gathering supplementary notes that did not fit the main chapter divisions." }, { "num": 75, "slug": "vol-3-16-explanatory-remarks", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 165, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-16-explanatory-remarks/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-16-explanatory-remarks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol III — Explanatory Remarks (between Pesachim and Yoma)", "blurb": "Editorial Explanatory Remarks interpolated between Tract Pesachim and Tract Yoma." }, { "num": 76, "slug": "vol-3-17-dedications", "title": "Dedications", "words": 1356, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-17-dedications/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-17-dedications.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol III — Dedications", "blurb": "Dedications particular to Vol III of the New Edition." }, { "num": 77, "slug": "vol-3-18-introduction-to-tract-yomah", "title": "Introduction to Tract Yomah", "words": 1863, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-18-introduction-to-tract-yomah/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-18-introduction-to-tract-yomah.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol III — Introduction to Tract Yoma", "blurb": "Introduction to Tract Yoma (*the Day* — the Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur). The biblical basis (Leviticus 16); the Temple-period observance of the High Priest's service in the Holy of Holies; the long preparation of the priest." }, { "num": 78, "slug": "vol-3-19-synopsis-of-subjects-tract-yomah", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects, Tract Yomah", "words": 2143, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-19-synopsis-of-subjects-tract-yomah/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-19-synopsis-of-subjects-tract-yomah.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol III — Synopsis of Tract Yoma", "blurb": "Synopsis of the eight chapters of Tract Yoma." }, { "num": 79, "slug": "vol-3-20-chapter-i-the-preparations-of-the-high-priest", "title": "Chapter I: The Preparations of the High Priest", "words": 12972, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-20-chapter-i-the-preparations-of-the-high-priest/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-20-chapter-i-the-preparations-of-the-high-priest.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Yoma Ch I — Preparations of the High Priest", "blurb": "Opens Tract Yoma. The seven-day preparation of the High Priest before Yom Kippur — separated from his house, lodged in the Temple chamber; the elders' instruction; the *Mishneh* (deputy) standing by in case of mishap." }, { "num": 80, "slug": "vol-3-21-chapter-ii-the-lots-priests-drew-which-priests-should-go-to", "title": "Chapter II: The Lots Priests Drew, Which Priests Should go to the Altar, How Many Priests Needed for Each Sacrifice", "words": 4295, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-21-chapter-ii-the-lots-priests-drew-which-priests-should-go-to/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-21-chapter-ii-the-lots-priests-drew-which-priests-should-go-to.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Yoma Ch II — The priestly lots", "blurb": "The lots drawn by the priests to determine which would perform each ritual function on Yom Kippur — clearing the ashes from the altar, slaughtering the daily offering, bringing the incense, kindling the lamps. The procedure of fairness in service-allocation." }, { "num": 81, "slug": "vol-3-22-chapter-iii-time-of-the-daily-offering-entry-of-a-layman", "title": "Chapter III: Time of the Daily Offering; Entry of a Layman into the Temple Court; Order of High-Priests' Service on Day of Atonement", "words": 8146, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-22-chapter-iii-time-of-the-daily-offering-entry-of-a-layman/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-22-chapter-iii-time-of-the-daily-offering-entry-of-a-layman.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Yoma Ch III — Daily offering on Yom Kippur", "blurb": "The timing of the daily *tamid* offering on Yom Kippur; the entry of a layman where only priests should be; the High Priest's first immersion of the day; the change from white linen to gold and back to white." }, { "num": 82, "slug": "vol-3-23-chapter-iv-the-two-goats", "title": "Chapter IV: The Two Goats", "words": 4925, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-23-chapter-iv-the-two-goats/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-23-chapter-iv-the-two-goats.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Yoma Ch IV — The two goats; the *Azazel*", "blurb": "The two goats of Yom Kippur — one *for YHWH* (sacrificed in the Temple), one *for Azazel* (sent into the wilderness). The lots cast; the red ribbon tied; the despatch of the *scapegoat* into the rocky wilderness." }, { "num": 83, "slug": "vol-3-24-chapter-v-remaining-services-of-the-high-priest", "title": "Chapter V: Remaining Services of the High-Priest", "words": 8242, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-24-chapter-v-remaining-services-of-the-high-priest/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-24-chapter-v-remaining-services-of-the-high-priest.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Yoma Ch V — Remaining services of the High Priest", "blurb": "The High Priest's remaining services on Yom Kippur — the burning of the incense in the Holy of Holies (the only day of the year anyone entered there), the sprinkling of the blood, the closing of the Avodah." }, { "num": 84, "slug": "vol-3-25-chapter-vi-regulations-concerning-the-he-goats-of-the-day", "title": "Chapter VI: Regulations Concerning the He-Goats of the Day of Atonement And the Sending to the Desert, And the Confession Thereat.", "words": 4572, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-25-chapter-vi-regulations-concerning-the-he-goats-of-the-day/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-25-chapter-vi-regulations-concerning-the-he-goats-of-the-day.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Yoma Ch VI — The despatch of the scapegoat", "blurb": "Detailed regulations concerning the *Azazel* he-goat: the man appointed to take it into the wilderness; the cliff from which it was pushed; the red ribbon that turned white as a sign that the atonement had been accepted (Isaiah 1:18)." }, { "num": 85, "slug": "vol-3-26-chapter-vii-the-passages-read-by-the-high-priest-and-his", "title": "Chapter VII: The Passages Read by the High-Priest and his Garments", "words": 6005, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-26-chapter-vii-the-passages-read-by-the-high-priest-and-his/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-26-chapter-vii-the-passages-read-by-the-high-priest-and-his.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Yoma Ch VII — Scripture readings by the High Priest", "blurb": "The Scripture passages read by the High Priest on Yom Kippur — Leviticus 16, the *atonement* portion. The High Priest's exiting from the Holy of Holies and the people's prostration as he pronounced the divine name." }, { "num": 86, "slug": "vol-3-27-chapter-viii-regulations-concerning-fasting-on-the-day-of", "title": "Chapter VIII: Regulations Concerning Fasting on the Day of Atonement; What May Be Done Thereon, And What May Not Be Done.", "words": 14053, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-27-chapter-viii-regulations-concerning-fasting-on-the-day-of/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-27-chapter-viii-regulations-concerning-fasting-on-the-day-of.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Yoma Ch VIII — Fasting and the five afflictions", "blurb": "Closes Yoma. The five *innuyim* (afflictions) of Yom Kippur observed by all Israel: no eating or drinking, no washing, no anointing, no wearing of leather shoes, no marital relations. The medical exceptions; the principle that *Yom Kippur atones for sins between man and God, but not between man and man*." }, { "num": 87, "slug": "vol-3-28-appendix", "title": "Appendix", "words": 2288, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-28-appendix/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-28-appendix.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol III — Appendix between Yoma and Chagigah", "blurb": "Editorial appendix between Tract Yoma and Tract Chagigah." }, { "num": 88, "slug": "vol-3-29-chapter-i-regulations-concerning-the-holocaust-and-the", "title": "Chapter I: Regulations Concerning the Holocaust, and the Appointed Time for the Peace-Offering", "words": 9143, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-29-chapter-i-regulations-concerning-the-holocaust-and-the/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-29-chapter-i-regulations-concerning-the-holocaust-and-the.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Chagigah Ch I — Festival offerings", "blurb": "Opens Tract Chagigah (Festival-offerings). Regulations concerning the festival burnt offering (*olat re'iyah*) and the festival peace offering (*shalmei chagigah*) brought on the three pilgrimage festivals; who is obligated; the minimum amounts." }, { "num": 89, "slug": "vol-3-30-chapter-ii-regulations-concerning-public-lectures-which-are", "title": "Chapter II: Regulations Concerning Public Lectures: Which Are And Which Are Not Allowed.", "words": 10481, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-30-chapter-ii-regulations-concerning-public-lectures-which-are/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-30-chapter-ii-regulations-concerning-public-lectures-which-are.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Chagigah Ch II — Public lectures and esoteric topics", "blurb": "The famous chapter on what may be publicly expounded and what may not. The forbidden subjects of public lecture: the *Ma'aseh Bereshit* (work of creation, before more than one), the *Ma'aseh Merkavah* (work of the divine chariot, before even one). The Talmudic source of Jewish esoteric discretion." }, { "num": 90, "slug": "vol-3-31-chapter-iii-in-what-cases-sacred-things-are-more-rigorous", "title": "Chapter III: In What Cases Sacred Things Are More Rigorous Than Heave-Offerings, And Vice Versa", "words": 4620, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-3-31-chapter-iii-in-what-cases-sacred-things-are-more-rigorous/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-3-31-chapter-iii-in-what-cases-sacred-things-are-more-rigorous.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Chagigah Ch III — When sacred things are more rigorous", "blurb": "Closes Vol III. Regulations on the cases in which the laws of sacred things are more rigorous than corresponding non-sacred cases — and the cases in which they are not. The principles of *kal va-chomer* (a fortiori) applied to sacred and ordinary classifications." }, { "num": 91, "slug": "vol-4-00-babylonian-talmud", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 177, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-00-babylonian-talmud/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-00-babylonian-talmud.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IV — Explanatory Remarks (Festivals)", "blurb": "Opens Vol IV — devoted to three festival tracts: Tract Succah (Tabernacles), Tract Betzah / Yom Tov (Festival regulations in general), and Tract Moed Katan (the intermediate days of festivals)." }, { "num": 92, "slug": "vol-4-02-to-the-reader", "title": "To the Reader", "words": 310, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-02-to-the-reader/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-02-to-the-reader.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IV — To the Reader (note on the three tracts)", "blurb": "Rodkinson's note to the reader explaining that Vol IV contains three tracts for uniformity of volume size. Tract Succah treats the Booth, the palm branches, and citrons; the other two treat the laws of festivals in general." }, { "num": 93, "slug": "vol-4-04-synopsis-of-subjects", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects", "words": 7041, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-04-synopsis-of-subjects/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-04-synopsis-of-subjects.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IV — Synopsis (Succah)", "blurb": "Synopsis of subjects of Tract Succah — the Sukkot festival, the booth-construction requirements, the four species (lulav, etrog, hadas, aravah)." }, { "num": 94, "slug": "vol-4-05-chapter-i", "title": "Chapter I", "words": 68959, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-05-chapter-i/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-05-chapter-i.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Succah Ch I — Dimensions of the sukkah", "blurb": "Opens Tract Succah. The dimensions of a valid sukkah — minimum and maximum height, minimum width, the requirements of the *s'chach* (roof-covering)." }, { "num": 95, "slug": "vol-4-06-chapter-ii", "title": "Chapter II", "words": 29346, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-06-chapter-ii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-06-chapter-ii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Succah Ch II — Sleeping in the sukkah", "blurb": "Regulations concerning sleeping in the sukkah; the obligation of *sukkah-dwelling* throughout the seven days; the exemptions (the sick, the comforters, women, minors)." }, { "num": 96, "slug": "vol-4-07-chapter-iii", "title": "Chapter III", "words": 47424, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-07-chapter-iii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-07-chapter-iii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Succah Ch III — The four species (lulav, etrog, hadas, aravah)", "blurb": "The four species taken on Sukkot: the *lulav* (palm-branch), *etrog* (citron), *hadas* (myrtle), *aravah* (willow). The species' requirements; their binding together; the *na'anu'im* (waving) in the four directions." }, { "num": 97, "slug": "vol-4-08-chapter-iv", "title": "Chapter IV", "words": 30352, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-08-chapter-iv/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-08-chapter-iv.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Succah Ch IV — *Hoshana Rabbah*; the willow-procession", "blurb": "The seven-day procession of the willow around the altar; the great *Hoshana Rabbah* (seventh day) procession; the *aravah* placed against the altar; the supplementary water-libation that marked Sukkot in Temple times." }, { "num": 98, "slug": "vol-4-09-chapter-v", "title": "Chapter V", "words": 14041, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-09-chapter-v/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-09-chapter-v.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Succah Ch V — The water-drawing celebration", "blurb": "Closes Tract Succah. The famous *Simchat Beit ha-Shoeva* — the *Joy of the House of Water-Drawing* — when the priests went down to the Pool of Siloam to draw water for the libation, and the great festive celebration that followed in the Temple court. *He who has not seen the Simchat Beit ha-Shoeva has never seen rejoicing in his life.*" }, { "num": 99, "slug": "vol-4-10-dedication", "title": "Dedication", "words": 83, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-10-dedication/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-10-dedication.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IV — Dedication (mid-volume)", "blurb": "Mid-volume dedication for the next tract." }, { "num": 100, "slug": "vol-4-11-explanatory-remarks", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 165, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-11-explanatory-remarks/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-11-explanatory-remarks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IV — Explanatory Remarks (between Succah and next tract)", "blurb": "Interpolated Explanatory Remarks." }, { "num": 101, "slug": "vol-4-12-a-word-to-the-public", "title": "A Word to the Public", "words": 1572, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-12-a-word-to-the-public/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-12-a-word-to-the-public.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IV — A Word to the Public", "blurb": "Rodkinson's intervening message to the public concerning the reception of the New Edition translation." }, { "num": 102, "slug": "vol-4-13-a-letter-from-prof-dr-m-lazarus", "title": "A Letter From Prof. Dr. M. Lazarus", "words": 187, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-13-a-letter-from-prof-dr-m-lazarus/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-13-a-letter-from-prof-dr-m-lazarus.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IV — Letter from Prof. Dr. M. Lazarus", "blurb": "A scholarly letter of endorsement / engagement from Prof. Dr. Moritz Lazarus (1824-1903) — the German-Jewish philosopher famous for *Ethik des Judentums*. Lazarus's testimony to the value of the New Edition." }, { "num": 103, "slug": "vol-4-14-chapter-vi", "title": "Chapter VI", "words": 1457, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-14-chapter-vi/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-14-chapter-vi.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Betzah / Yom Tov Ch I — Festival regulations", "blurb": "Opens Tract Betzah / Yom Tov. The egg laid on a festival day; the *muktzah* status of the egg; the broader principles governing festival-day handling of objects. The schools of Shammai and Hillel disagree at the opening." }, { "num": 104, "slug": "vol-4-15-chapter-vii", "title": "Chapter VII", "words": 1422, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-15-chapter-vii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-15-chapter-vii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Betzah Ch II — Cooking and food preparation on festivals", "blurb": "Regulations concerning food preparation on festival days. The permission to cook for the festival itself (unlike the Sabbath) — but only for the festival, not for the day after. The *eruv tavshilin* by which preparation for the Sabbath following a festival is enabled." }, { "num": 105, "slug": "vol-4-16-chapter-viii", "title": "Chapter VIII.", "words": 3012, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-16-chapter-viii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-16-chapter-viii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Betzah Ch III — Trapping and slaughtering on festivals", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the trapping of birds and animals on festivals, and the slaughtering of them for festival food. The line between permitted (for festival food) and forbidden (for storage)." }, { "num": 106, "slug": "vol-4-17-chapter-ix", "title": "Chapter IX", "words": 3623, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-17-chapter-ix/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-17-chapter-ix.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Betzah Ch IV — Carrying on festivals", "blurb": "Regulations concerning carrying on festivals — the more permissive set than the corresponding Sabbath-rules. What may be carried for festival food preparation; what is still forbidden." }, { "num": 107, "slug": "vol-4-18-chapter-x", "title": "Chapter X", "words": 1456, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-18-chapter-x/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-18-chapter-x.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Betzah Ch V — Closing festival regulations", "blurb": "Closing chapter of Tract Betzah / Yom Tov. Miscellaneous closing regulations: the differences between Sabbath and festival law, the obligation of festival joy (*simchat Yom Tov*)." }, { "num": 108, "slug": "vol-4-19-chapter-xi", "title": "Chapter XI", "words": 1208, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-19-chapter-xi/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-19-chapter-xi.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Moed Katan Ch I — Intermediate festival days", "blurb": "Opens Tract Moed Katan (*Lesser Festival* = the intermediate days of Pesach and Sukkot, *chol ha-moed*). What labour is permitted on these days; the principle that only labour preventing significant loss may be performed." }, { "num": 109, "slug": "vol-4-20-chapter-xii", "title": "Chapter XII", "words": 2895, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-20-chapter-xii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-20-chapter-xii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Moed Katan Ch II — Marriage, mourning, business", "blurb": "Regulations concerning marriages, mourning customs, and business transactions during the intermediate festival days. The principles balancing festival joy against ordinary obligations and against grief." }, { "num": 110, "slug": "vol-4-21-chapter-xiii", "title": "Chapter XIII", "words": 570, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-21-chapter-xiii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-21-chapter-xiii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Moed Katan Ch III — The mourner's customs", "blurb": "Detailed regulations concerning the mourner's customs during the intermediate festival days. The seven-day *shiva* and its modification when festival intervenes; the thirty-day *shloshim*; the year for a parent." }, { "num": 111, "slug": "vol-4-22-chapter-xiv", "title": "Chapter XIV", "words": 1681, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-4-22-chapter-xiv/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-4-22-chapter-xiv.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Moed Katan Ch IV — Closing regulations", "blurb": "Closes Vol IV. Closing regulations of Moed Katan and of the festival-section in general. The principle that the *moed* days are between full festival and ordinary days — restricted but joyful." }, { "num": 112, "slug": "vol-5-00-babylonian-talmud", "title": "Explanatory Remarks and Copyright", "words": 175, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-00-babylonian-talmud/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-00-babylonian-talmud.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol V — Explanatory Remarks (Aboth, Derech Eretz, Jurisprudence intro)", "blurb": "Opens Vol V — containing Tract Aboth (Pirkei Avot, *Ethics of the Fathers*), Tract Derech Eretz Rabba and Zuta, the Chapter on Peace, and the introduction to Section Jurisprudence." }, { "num": 113, "slug": "vol-5-02-introduction-to-section-jurisprudence", "title": "Introduction to Section Jurisprudence", "words": 1626, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-02-introduction-to-section-jurisprudence/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-02-introduction-to-section-jurisprudence.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol V — Introduction to Section Jurisprudence (Seder Nezikin)", "blurb": "Introduction to Seder Nezikin (Damages) — the fourth Order of the Mishnah, dealing with civil and criminal law. The three Bavot (Gates), Sanhedrin, Makkot, and the related tractates." }, { "num": 114, "slug": "vol-5-03-synopsis-of-tract-aboth-fathers-of-the-synagogue", "title": "Synopsis of Tract Aboth (Fathers of the Synagogue).", "words": 3100, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-03-synopsis-of-tract-aboth-fathers-of-the-synagogue/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-03-synopsis-of-tract-aboth-fathers-of-the-synagogue.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol V — Synopsis of Tract Aboth (Pirkei Avot)", "blurb": "Synopsis of Tract Aboth — *the Ethics of the Fathers* — the famous tractate of moral maxims from the *zugot* (pairs) of early teachers through the Tannaim of the second century. Read on Sabbath afternoons between Passover and Shavuot." }, { "num": 115, "slug": "vol-5-04-chapter-i", "title": "Chapter I", "words": 40133, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-04-chapter-i/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-04-chapter-i.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Aboth Ch I — *Moses received the Torah from Sinai*", "blurb": "Opens Pirkei Avot. The famous opening: *Moses received the Torah from Sinai and delivered it to Joshua; Joshua to the Elders; the Elders to the Prophets; the Prophets delivered it to the Men of the Great Assembly.* The chain of tradition (*shalshelet ha-kabbalah*) traced through the Pharisaic pairs." }, { "num": 116, "slug": "vol-5-05-chapter-ii", "title": "Chapter II.", "words": 20441, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-05-chapter-ii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-05-chapter-ii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Aboth Ch II — Rabbi and his disciples", "blurb": "Second chapter — Rabbi Judah the Prince and his five outstanding disciples (R. Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, R. Joshua ben Hananiah, R. Yose the Priest, R. Shimon ben Nathaniel, R. Eleazar ben Arach). Their characteristic teachings preserved in pithy moral maxims." }, { "num": 117, "slug": "vol-5-06-chapter-iii", "title": "Chapter III.", "words": 16063, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-06-chapter-iii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-06-chapter-iii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Aboth Ch III — Reflections on the brevity of life", "blurb": "Akabia ben Mahalalel: *Reflect upon three things and you will not come into the power of sin: know whence you came, whither you go, and before whom you are to give account.* The classical Avot reflections on mortality and accountability." }, { "num": 118, "slug": "vol-5-07-chapter-iv", "title": "Chapter IV.", "words": 21593, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-07-chapter-iv/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-07-chapter-iv.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Aboth Ch IV — *Who is wise; who is strong; who is rich*", "blurb": "Ben Zoma's famous fourfold definition: *Who is wise? He who learns from every man. Who is strong? He who subdues his evil inclination. Who is rich? He who is content with his portion. Who is honoured? He who honours his fellow creatures.* The most-quoted single passage of Pirkei Avot." }, { "num": 119, "slug": "vol-5-08-chapter-v", "title": "Chapter V.", "words": 24632, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-08-chapter-v/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-08-chapter-v.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Aboth Ch V — *With ten utterances was the world created*", "blurb": "The numerical-arrangement chapter. *With ten utterances was the world created; ten generations from Adam to Noah; ten generations from Noah to Abraham; ten trials by which Abraham was tested; ten miracles for our ancestors in Egypt…* The series of structuring tens of the entire biblical-traditional narrative." }, { "num": 120, "slug": "vol-5-09-chapter-vi", "title": "Chapter VI.", "words": 13731, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-09-chapter-vi/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-09-chapter-vi.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Aboth Ch VI — *Kinyan Torah* (the Acquisition of Torah)", "blurb": "The supplementary sixth chapter — *Kinyan Torah*. The forty-eight ways by which Torah is acquired; the sayings on the dignity of Torah study; the closing kabbalistic vision of the Torah as the divine plan of the world." }, { "num": 121, "slug": "vol-5-10-synopsis-of-tract-derech-eretz-rabba-and-zuta", "title": "Synopsis of Tract Derech Eretz-Rabba and Zuta", "words": 1426, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-10-synopsis-of-tract-derech-eretz-rabba-and-zuta/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-10-synopsis-of-tract-derech-eretz-rabba-and-zuta.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol V — Synopsis of Derech Eretz Rabba and Zuta", "blurb": "Synopsis of the *Derech Eretz* tractates — the *minor* tractates appended to the Talmud on social conduct, etiquette, and right behavior. *Derech Eretz Rabba* (the greater) and *Derech Eretz Zuta* (the lesser) treat overlapping material at different lengths." }, { "num": 122, "slug": "vol-5-11-chapter-vii", "title": "Chapter VII.", "words": 15967, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-11-chapter-vii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-11-chapter-vii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Derech Eretz Rabba Ch I — Forbidden marriages and social cautions", "blurb": "Opens Derech Eretz Rabba. The forbidden marriages — incest-degrees as treated proverbially; the cautions concerning social interactions that lead toward forbidden relations; the broad framework of *boundary-discipline* (*derech eretz*) in everyday life." }, { "num": 123, "slug": "vol-5-12-chapter-viii", "title": "Chapter VIII.", "words": 14051, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-12-chapter-viii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-12-chapter-viii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Derech Eretz Rabba Ch II — On greeting and salutation", "blurb": "On the proprieties of greeting and salutation — how the disciple greets the master, how strangers greet each other, the orders of precedence in greeting that signify recognition of status and dignity." }, { "num": 124, "slug": "vol-5-13-chapter-ix", "title": "Chapter IX.", "words": 1278, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-13-chapter-ix/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-13-chapter-ix.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Derech Eretz Rabba Ch III — On eating with others", "blurb": "On the proprieties of eating with others — table manners, the rules of *zimmun* (joint grace), what is appropriate at festive and at ordinary meals." }, { "num": 125, "slug": "vol-5-14-chapter-x", "title": "Chapter X.", "words": 440, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-14-chapter-x/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-14-chapter-x.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Derech Eretz Rabba Ch IV — On the discipline of speech", "blurb": "On the discipline of speech in ordinary social life. The boundaries of permitted speech; the dangers of slander, gossip, and exaggeration; the moral and practical reasons for cultivated restraint in speech." }, { "num": 126, "slug": "vol-5-15-chapter-xi", "title": "Chapter XI.", "words": 410, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-15-chapter-xi/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-15-chapter-xi.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Derech Eretz Zuta Ch — The disciple's path", "blurb": "From Derech Eretz Zuta. The disciple's path of moral cultivation — the small daily disciplines that together form the character of one who lives according to *derech eretz*." }, { "num": 127, "slug": "vol-5-16-the-chapter-on-peace", "title": "The Chapter on Peace", "words": 1111, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-16-the-chapter-on-peace/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-16-the-chapter-on-peace.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "*Perek ha-Shalom* — the Chapter on Peace", "blurb": "The closing *Perek ha-Shalom* (Chapter on Peace) — a separate short collection of sayings on the supreme importance of peace. *Great is peace, for the Torah's last word at every benediction is for peace.* Closes the Derech Eretz section." }, { "num": 128, "slug": "vol-5-17-advertisement-at-end-of-volume", "title": "Advertisement at end of Volume", "words": 227, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-17-advertisement-at-end-of-volume/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-17-advertisement-at-end-of-volume.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol V — Closing advertisement", "blurb": "Closing advertisement of forthcoming volumes of the New Edition." }, { "num": 129, "slug": "vol-5-19-introduction-to-the-three-gates-of-section-jurisprudence", "title": "Introduction to the Three Gates of Section Jurisprudence", "words": 2051, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-19-introduction-to-the-three-gates-of-section-jurisprudence/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-19-introduction-to-the-three-gates-of-section-jurisprudence.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol V — Introduction to the Three Gates (Bavot)", "blurb": "Introduction to the *Three Bavot* — Bava Kama (First Gate), Bava Metzia (Middle Gate), Bava Batra (Last Gate) — the three tractates of Seder Nezikin treating civil law. (In the printed Talmud they were anciently a single great tractate divided by *gate* into three.)" }, { "num": 130, "slug": "vol-5-20-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-baba-kama-the-first-gate", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects of Tract Baba Kama (The First Gate)", "words": 3808, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-5-20-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-baba-kama-the-first-gate/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-5-20-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-baba-kama-the-first-gate.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol V — Synopsis of Bava Kama (First Gate)", "blurb": "Synopsis of subjects of Tract Bava Kama — *the First Gate* — treating damages, the four primary categories of damage (ox, pit, fire, *mav'eh*), bodily injuries and compensation, theft and robbery." }, { "num": 131, "slug": "vol-6-00-babylonian-talmud", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 217, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-00-babylonian-talmud/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-00-babylonian-talmud.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VI — Explanatory Remarks (Bava Metzia)", "blurb": "Opens Vol VI. The title page indicates: *Section Jurisprudence (Damages); Tract Bava Metzia (Middle Gate, Part I); Volume III (XI)*. Bava Metzia treats found objects, bailments, hired labor, real-estate sales, and usury." }, { "num": 132, "slug": "vol-6-02-synopsis-of-subjects", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects", "words": 7519, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-02-synopsis-of-subjects/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-02-synopsis-of-subjects.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VI — Synopsis of Bava Metzia subjects", "blurb": "Synopsis of subjects of Tract Bava Metzia (the Middle Gate)." }, { "num": 133, "slug": "vol-6-03-chapter-ix", "title": "Chapter IX", "words": 35185, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-03-chapter-ix/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-03-chapter-ix.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Metzia Ch IX — Hired labour and the worker's rights", "blurb": "Regulations concerning hired labour and the worker's rights. The famous teaching: *the worker eats from the produce on which he labours* (Deut 23:25-26); the duty to pay wages promptly (Lev 19:13); the principle of *hashavat aveidah* (returning lost property)." }, { "num": 134, "slug": "vol-6-04-chapter-x", "title": "Chapter X", "words": 16509, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-04-chapter-x/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-04-chapter-x.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Metzia Ch X — Joint property and partition", "blurb": "Closes Tract Bava Metzia. Regulations concerning joint property and the rules of partition between partners — fences, walls, courtyards held in common." }, { "num": 135, "slug": "vol-6-05-chapter-i", "title": "Chapter I", "words": 21081, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-05-chapter-i/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-05-chapter-i.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Metzia Ch I — Two holding a garment (found-object dispute)", "blurb": "Opens Tract Bava Metzia. The famous opening case: *Two are holding a garment; one says 'I found it,' the other says 'I found it.'* The procedure for resolving disputed claims of finding. The classical training-case of Talmudic legal reasoning." }, { "num": 136, "slug": "vol-6-06-chapter-ii", "title": "Chapter II", "words": 17770, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-06-chapter-ii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-06-chapter-ii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Metzia Ch II — Found objects and their disposition", "blurb": "Regulations concerning found objects — what must be returned, what may be kept, the duty of announcement (*hachrazah*), the rules for special categories (animals, money, identifiable garments)." }, { "num": 137, "slug": "vol-6-07-chapter-iii", "title": "Chapter III", "words": 14079, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-07-chapter-iii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-07-chapter-iii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Metzia Ch III — Bailments and the four bailees", "blurb": "Regulations concerning bailments — the four types of bailee (*shomer chinam* unpaid keeper, *shomer sakhar* paid keeper, *socher* renter, *sho'el* borrower) and the differing liability of each for loss, damage, or theft." }, { "num": 138, "slug": "vol-6-08-chapter-iv", "title": "Chapter IV", "words": 16485, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-08-chapter-iv/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-08-chapter-iv.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Metzia Ch IV — Buying, selling, and the principle of ona'ah", "blurb": "Regulations concerning buying and selling. The principle of *ona'ah* — overreaching in price (a transaction with more than one-sixth deviation from market value can be voided). The protections for both buyer and seller." }, { "num": 139, "slug": "vol-6-09-explanatory-remarks", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 237, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-09-explanatory-remarks/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-09-explanatory-remarks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VI — Explanatory Remarks (mid-volume)", "blurb": "Interpolated Explanatory Remarks in Vol VI." }, { "num": 140, "slug": "vol-6-10-chapter-v", "title": "Chapter V", "words": 20573, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-10-chapter-v/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-10-chapter-v.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Metzia Ch V — Usury (ribit)", "blurb": "Regulations concerning usury (*ribit*) — the biblical prohibition on charging interest to a fellow Israelite (Lev 25:35-37, Deut 23:20). The various categories of forbidden interest, including *ribit ketzutzah* (fixed interest, biblical) and *avak ribit* (dust-of-interest, rabbinic)." }, { "num": 141, "slug": "vol-6-11-chapter-vi", "title": "Chapter VI.", "words": 10622, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-11-chapter-vi/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-11-chapter-vi.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Metzia Ch VI — Hired animals and workers; the agreement", "blurb": "Regulations concerning hired animals and workers — the terms of the agreement, the contingencies that void it, the obligations of both parties when the work cannot be performed." }, { "num": 142, "slug": "vol-6-12-chapter-vii", "title": "Chapter VII", "words": 18437, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-12-chapter-vii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-12-chapter-vii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Metzia Ch VII — The worker's right to eat", "blurb": "Detailed treatment of the worker's right to eat from the produce on which he labours (Deut 23:25-26). Which workers; what quantities; the related limitations and disciplines." }, { "num": 143, "slug": "vol-6-13-chapter-viii", "title": "Chapter VIII.", "words": 11356, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-6-13-chapter-viii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-6-13-chapter-viii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Metzia Ch VIII — Borrowing and renting of animals", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the borrowing and renting of animals. The distinct liability of the borrower (absolute, except for *meitah machmat melakhah*, death from the work) versus the renter (lesser, like a paid bailee)." }, { "num": 144, "slug": "vol-7-00-babylonian-talmud", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 175, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-00-babylonian-talmud/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-00-babylonian-talmud.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VII — Explanatory Remarks (Bava Bathra)", "blurb": "Opens Vol VII — Tract Bava Bathra (*Last Gate*). Real-estate sales, partnerships, inheritance laws, the rules of testimony, and the technical aspects of property-transfer." }, { "num": 145, "slug": "vol-7-03-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-baba-bathra-last-gate", "title": "Synopsis Of Subjects Of Tract Baba Bathra (Last Gate).", "words": 3441, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-03-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-baba-bathra-last-gate/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-03-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-baba-bathra-last-gate.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VII — Synopsis of Bava Bathra", "blurb": "Synopsis of subjects of Tract Bava Bathra." }, { "num": 146, "slug": "vol-7-04-chapter-i", "title": "Chapter I", "words": 25119, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-04-chapter-i/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-04-chapter-i.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Bathra Ch I — Partition of jointly-owned courtyards", "blurb": "Opens Tract Bava Bathra. Partition of jointly-owned courtyards; the wall built between partners; the requirements of the partition; the obligations of contribution." }, { "num": 147, "slug": "vol-7-05-chapter-ii", "title": "Chapter II", "words": 12962, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-05-chapter-ii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-05-chapter-ii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Bathra Ch II — Distance-requirements for damaging activities", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the minimum distances at which various damaging activities (pits, ovens, tanneries, dovecotes) may be located from a neighbour's property. The protections of property-quiet." }, { "num": 148, "slug": "vol-7-06-chapter-iii", "title": "Chapter III", "words": 31032, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-06-chapter-iii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-06-chapter-iii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Bathra Ch III — *Chazakah* (possession)", "blurb": "Regulations concerning *chazakah* — the establishment of presumed ownership through uninterrupted three-year occupancy. The mechanism by which long-standing use creates legal title." }, { "num": 149, "slug": "vol-7-07-chapter-iv", "title": "Chapter IV", "words": 9127, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-07-chapter-iv/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-07-chapter-iv.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Bathra Ch IV — What is sold with the house", "blurb": "Regulations concerning what is included in the sale of a house — the door, the lock, the staircase, the field's *cistern*, the well, the garden-tree. The doctrine that the contents-of-sale follow the customary inclusion of the place." }, { "num": 150, "slug": "vol-7-08-chapter-v", "title": "Chapter V", "words": 21951, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-08-chapter-v/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-08-chapter-v.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Bathra Ch V — Closing real-estate provisions", "blurb": "Closing chapter of Bava Bathra Part I — closing real-estate provisions on sales and partnerships." }, { "num": 151, "slug": "vol-7-09-appendix", "title": "Appendix", "words": 407, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-09-appendix/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-09-appendix.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VII — Appendix", "blurb": "Editorial appendix to Bava Bathra Part I." }, { "num": 152, "slug": "vol-7-10-explanatory-remarks", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 165, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-10-explanatory-remarks/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-10-explanatory-remarks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VII — Explanatory Remarks (between Bava Bathra parts)", "blurb": "Editorial Explanatory Remarks between the two parts of Bava Bathra." }, { "num": 153, "slug": "vol-7-11-dedication", "title": "Dedication", "words": 69, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-11-dedication/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-11-dedication.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VII — Dedication (second part)", "blurb": "Dedication for Bava Bathra Part II." }, { "num": 154, "slug": "vol-7-12-synopsis-of-subjects", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects", "words": 3998, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-12-synopsis-of-subjects/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-12-synopsis-of-subjects.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VII — Synopsis (Bava Bathra Part II)", "blurb": "Synopsis of subjects of Bava Bathra Part II — testimony, inheritance, and document law." }, { "num": 155, "slug": "vol-7-13-chapter-vi", "title": "Chapter VI", "words": 7112, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-13-chapter-vi/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-13-chapter-vi.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Bathra Ch VI — Sales of obscure or partly-marked items", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the sale of items whose specifications are partly obscured or partly marked — the principle of reading the seller's specifications strictly against the buyer when the description was the seller's responsibility." }, { "num": 156, "slug": "vol-7-14-chapter-vii", "title": "Chapter VII", "words": 36013, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-14-chapter-vii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-14-chapter-vii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Bathra Ch VII — Sales of fields and the rules of measurement", "blurb": "Regulations concerning sales of fields and the rules of measurement — the customary terms (\"a *beit kor* of land\"), the strict and approximate readings, the adjustments for surplus or deficit." }, { "num": 157, "slug": "vol-7-15-chapter-ix", "title": "Chapter IX", "words": 20594, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-15-chapter-ix/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-15-chapter-ix.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Bathra Ch IX — Estates and the distribution among heirs", "blurb": "Regulations concerning estates and the distribution of property among heirs. The biblical inheritance-order (Numbers 27, 36); the case of the daughters of Zelophehad; the laws concerning a wife's *kethubah* claim against the estate." }, { "num": 158, "slug": "vol-7-16-chapter-x", "title": "Chapter X", "words": 16867, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-7-16-chapter-x/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-7-16-chapter-x.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Bava Bathra Ch X — Documents (*shtarot*) and their formalities", "blurb": "Closes Tract Bava Bathra. Regulations concerning documents — the formalities of *shtarei chov* (debt-documents), *shtarei kinyan* (sale-documents), the witnesses required, the case of conflicting documents." }, { "num": 159, "slug": "vol-8-02-a-word-to-the-reader", "title": "A Word to the Reader", "words": 812, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-02-a-word-to-the-reader/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-02-a-word-to-the-reader.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VIII — A Word to the Reader (Sanhedrin)", "blurb": "Rodkinson's note to the reader concerning Tract Sanhedrin and the modern scholarly literature on the Jewish high court — the dating disputes about the institution and its origins." }, { "num": 160, "slug": "vol-8-04-synopsis-of-subjects", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects", "words": 7568, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-04-synopsis-of-subjects/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-04-synopsis-of-subjects.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol VIII — Synopsis (Sanhedrin)", "blurb": "Synopsis of subjects of Tract Sanhedrin — the Jewish high court of seventy-one, the lesser sanhedrins of twenty-three, the procedure of capital cases, and the famous *Helek* chapter on the world to come." }, { "num": 161, "slug": "vol-8-05-chapter-i", "title": "Chapter I", "words": 18630, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-05-chapter-i/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-05-chapter-i.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch I — Court compositions", "blurb": "Opens Tract Sanhedrin. The compositions of the Jewish courts: cases requiring three (civil), twenty-three (capital), and seventy-one (the Great Sanhedrin); the cases that fall to each." }, { "num": 162, "slug": "vol-8-06-chapter-ii", "title": "Chapter II", "words": 9327, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-06-chapter-ii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-06-chapter-ii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch II — King and High Priest", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the King of Israel and the High Priest — their judicial standing, what cases they may sit on, what mourning customs apply, what comportment is required." }, { "num": 163, "slug": "vol-8-07-chapter-iii", "title": "Chapter III", "words": 15490, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-07-chapter-iii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-07-chapter-iii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch III — Civil-case procedure", "blurb": "Regulations concerning civil-case procedure — the choice of judges by the parties, the qualification of witnesses, the cross-examination procedure (*hakira* and *bedikah*), the verdict." }, { "num": 164, "slug": "vol-8-08-chapter-iv", "title": "Chapter IV", "words": 8276, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-08-chapter-iv/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-08-chapter-iv.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch IV — Capital-case procedure", "blurb": "The famous chapter contrasting civil and capital cases. The procedural protections for the accused in capital cases — the witnesses are warned, the accused is brought to acquittal first, a unanimous verdict for conviction is suspect, *the world was created for the sake of a single human being*." }, { "num": 165, "slug": "vol-8-09-chapter-v", "title": "Chapter V", "words": 5011, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-09-chapter-v/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-09-chapter-v.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch V — Examination of witnesses", "blurb": "Detailed regulations concerning the examination of witnesses in capital cases. The seven matters of examination (*chakirot*) on which witnesses must agree; the principle that disagreement on any *chakira* invalidates the testimony." }, { "num": 166, "slug": "vol-8-10-chapter-vi", "title": "Chapter VI", "words": 11247, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-10-chapter-vi/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-10-chapter-vi.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch VI — Stoning and the carrying-out of execution", "blurb": "Regulations concerning execution by stoning — the procedure outside the court, the proclamation, the herald, the opportunity for last-minute exculpation. The principle that punishment must be carried out with as much restraint as the procedure permits." }, { "num": 167, "slug": "vol-8-11-chapter-vii", "title": "Chapter VII", "words": 23438, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-11-chapter-vii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-11-chapter-vii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch VII — The four capital punishments", "blurb": "The four capital punishments under Jewish law — stoning, burning, beheading, strangling — and the offenses to which each applies. The technical specification of each mode and the case-by-case assignment of mode to offense." }, { "num": 168, "slug": "vol-8-12-chapter-viii", "title": "Chapter VIII", "words": 9485, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-12-chapter-viii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-12-chapter-viii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch VIII — The *ben sorer u-moreh* (stubborn and rebellious son)", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the *ben sorer u-moreh* — the *stubborn and rebellious son* of Deuteronomy 21:18-21. The numerous procedural conditions surrounding the case lead to the Talmudic conclusion that *the case never occurred and never will occur* — it stands in the Torah as moral instruction rather than for execution." }, { "num": 169, "slug": "vol-8-13-chapter-ix", "title": "Chapter IX", "words": 10407, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-13-chapter-ix/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-13-chapter-ix.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch IX — Capital offenses by burning", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the capital offenses punishable by burning — chiefly certain incest-cases (a man with mother and daughter, etc.) and the priest's daughter who profaned herself. The mode of execution by *molten lead poured down the throat*." }, { "num": 170, "slug": "vol-8-14-chapter-x", "title": "Chapter X", "words": 7899, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-14-chapter-x/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-14-chapter-x.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch X (the *Helek* chapter) — The world to come", "blurb": "The famous *Helek* (*Portion*) chapter. *All Israel have a portion in the world to come* — and the exceptions (those who deny the resurrection, those who deny the Torah's divine origin, the *apikoros*). The most extended Talmudic treatment of eschatology and the messianic age." }, { "num": 171, "slug": "vol-8-15-chapter-xi", "title": "Chapter XI", "words": 56628, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-8-15-chapter-xi/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-8-15-chapter-xi.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Sanhedrin Ch XI — Strangulation; closing capital regulations", "blurb": "Closes Tract Sanhedrin. Regulations concerning capital offenses punishable by strangulation; closing observations on the principle that capital execution should be carried out only with the utmost procedural protection and reluctance." }, { "num": 172, "slug": "vol-9-00-babylonian-talmud", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 173, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-00-babylonian-talmud/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-00-babylonian-talmud.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IX — Explanatory Remarks (Makkot, Horayot, Eduyot, Avodah Zarah)", "blurb": "Opens Vol IX — the final volume of the Rodkinson New Edition. Contains Tract Makkot (Stripes), Tract Horayot (Decisions), and concluding material from the Festival and Jurisprudence sections." }, { "num": 173, "slug": "vol-9-02-concluding-words-to-the-completion-of-sections-festival-and", "title": "Concluding Words To The Completion Of Sections Festival And Jurisprudence", "words": 2024, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-02-concluding-words-to-the-completion-of-sections-festival-and/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-02-concluding-words-to-the-completion-of-sections-festival-and.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IX — Concluding words to Sections Festival and Jurisprudence", "blurb": "Rodkinson's concluding words upon completing the translation of the Festival and Jurisprudence sections (Sedarim Mo'ed and Nezikin). The two complete Orders that the New Edition fully covers." }, { "num": 174, "slug": "vol-9-04-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-maccoth-stripes", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects of Tract Maccoth (Stripes)", "words": 1656, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-04-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-maccoth-stripes/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-04-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-maccoth-stripes.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IX — Synopsis of Tract Makkot (Stripes)", "blurb": "Synopsis of Tract Makkot (*Stripes*) — concerning the cases of corporal punishment by lashes (the biblical *thirty-nine* of Deut 25:1-3), the false witnesses (*edim zomemim*) punishable by *what they sought to do* to their victim, and the cities of refuge (Numbers 35)." }, { "num": 175, "slug": "vol-9-05-chapter-i", "title": "Chapter I", "words": 35907, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-05-chapter-i/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-05-chapter-i.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Makkot Ch I — False witnesses (*edim zomemim*)", "blurb": "Opens Tract Makkot. False witnesses (*edim zomemim*) — those proved by other witnesses to have been elsewhere at the alleged time of the events they testified to. The biblical principle (Deut 19:19): they suffer what they sought to do to the accused." }, { "num": 176, "slug": "vol-9-06-chapter-ii", "title": "Chapter II", "words": 35932, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-06-chapter-ii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-06-chapter-ii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Makkot Ch II — Cities of refuge", "blurb": "Regulations concerning the cities of refuge (*arei miklat*) for the unintentional manslayer (Num 35, Deut 19). The six cities; the procedure of admission; the duration (until the death of the High Priest); the disposition of the slayer thereafter." }, { "num": 177, "slug": "vol-9-07-chapter-iii", "title": "Chapter III", "words": 34926, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-07-chapter-iii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-07-chapter-iii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Makkot Ch III — Floggings (*malkut*)", "blurb": "Closes Tract Makkot. Regulations concerning floggings — the *thirty-nine stripes* (Deut 25 prescribes 'up to forty,' interpreted as thirty-nine to ensure none exceed the biblical limit); the offenses punishable thereby; the medical examination before flogging." }, { "num": 178, "slug": "vol-9-08-synopsis-of-subjects", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects", "words": 4388, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-08-synopsis-of-subjects/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-08-synopsis-of-subjects.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IX — Synopsis of Subjects (continued)", "blurb": "Synopsis of the remaining subjects of Vol IX." }, { "num": 179, "slug": "vol-9-09-chapter-iv", "title": "Chapter IV", "words": 24263, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-09-chapter-iv/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-09-chapter-iv.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Eduyot Ch I — Testimonies from the sages", "blurb": "From Tract Eduyot (*Testimonies*) — a unique tractate containing testimonies relayed by particular Tannaim about the views of their predecessors. The recovery of older traditions through individual transmission rather than the standard topical organisation." }, { "num": 180, "slug": "vol-9-10-chapter-v", "title": "Chapter V", "words": 19731, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-10-chapter-v/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-10-chapter-v.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Eduyot Ch II — Further testimonies", "blurb": "Further testimonies from named Tannaim. The unique value of Tract Eduyot: it preserves opinions of teachers (e.g. R. Akabia ben Mahalalel) which the consensus rejected but which were preserved as testimonies for historical and procedural purposes." }, { "num": 181, "slug": "vol-9-11-chapter-vi", "title": "Chapter VI.", "words": 9211, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-11-chapter-vi/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-11-chapter-vi.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Eduyot — closing testimonies", "blurb": "Closing chapter of the testimonies. Includes the famous closing teaching attributed to Hillel and the Sages on the qualities of a teacher and on the eight things that come into one's hands without their being sought." }, { "num": 182, "slug": "vol-9-12-chapter-vii", "title": "Chapter VII.", "words": 6525, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-12-chapter-vii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-12-chapter-vii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Avodah Zarah Ch I — Idolatry: separation", "blurb": "From Tract Avodah Zarah (*Strange Worship* — idolatry). The separation required from idolatrous practice — the three days before and after pagan festivals when business with idolaters is forbidden; the special caution around their religious occasions." }, { "num": 183, "slug": "vol-9-13-chapter-viii", "title": "Chapter VIII", "words": 1951, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-13-chapter-viii/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-13-chapter-viii.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Avodah Zarah Ch II — Wine, food, and idolatrous association", "blurb": "Regulations concerning wine of an idolater (*yayin nesech* — *libation wine*), food prepared by an idolater, and other articles whose use risks association with idolatrous practice. The boundaries that preserve communal religious identity." }, { "num": 184, "slug": "vol-9-14-appendix-to-page-13", "title": "Appendix to Page 13", "words": 206, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-14-appendix-to-page-13/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-14-appendix-to-page-13.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IX — Appendix to page 13", "blurb": "Editorial appendix to a specific page reference." }, { "num": 185, "slug": "vol-9-15-introduction", "title": "Introduction", "words": 220, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-15-introduction/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-15-introduction.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IX — Introduction (closing apparatus)", "blurb": "Closing introductory apparatus to the final tractates of Vol IX." }, { "num": 186, "slug": "vol-9-16-explanatory-remarks", "title": "Explanatory Remarks", "words": 163, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-16-explanatory-remarks/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-16-explanatory-remarks.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IX — Explanatory Remarks (closing)", "blurb": "Closing Explanatory Remarks of the entire New Edition." }, { "num": 187, "slug": "vol-9-17-appendix-to-page-60", "title": "Appendix to Page 60", "words": 533, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-17-appendix-to-page-60/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-17-appendix-to-page-60.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IX — Appendix to page 60", "blurb": "Editorial appendix to a specific page reference." }, { "num": 188, "slug": "vol-9-18-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-horioth", "title": "Synopsis of Subjects of Tract Horioth", "words": 478, "url": "/sources/talmud/vol-9-18-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-horioth/", "api": "/api/sources/talmud/vol-9-18-synopsis-of-subjects-of-tract-horioth.json", "project_translation": false, "subtitle": "Vol IX — Synopsis of Tract Horayot (Decisions)", "blurb": "Closes Vol IX and the New Edition. Synopsis of Tract Horayot (*Decisions*) — concerning the erroneous decisions of the court that lead the people into transgression; the sacrifices required when the High Priest, the king, or the Sanhedrin sin through an erroneous ruling." } ] }