# 17. The Spiritual Heritage and the Challenges of the Present

About half a century ago, materialism flourished as a world view in Europe. Human beings were to be recognized down to the depths of their souls according to the same laws that had been established for natural events. Ideas such as Goethe's were probably also invoked: "According to eternal, iron laws, we must complete all the circles of our existence." However, it was not noticed how the laws that Goethe wanted scientific knowledge to be based on brought him into the fiercest battle with the natural science that prevailed at the time. He strove for a natural science which, if developed consistently, could lead to an understanding of the human being as a spiritual-soul being. However, it was not his scientific approach that the materialists had in mind, but essentially that of his opponents. It was the mindless view of nature, which can never lead to a grasp of the human being.

From this mindless view, some consistent personalities also spoke out about the moral nature of man. Half a century ago one could hear quite strange judgments in this direction. In the correspondence of one such consistent thinker with a materialist scholar, for example, we find the view that the criminal acts according to the laws of nature as well as the so-called moral laws. And that anyone who is naturally predisposed to be a liar, murderer and so on can only become a self-contained, perfect character if he lives out his lying, murderous disposition. Such thoughts were not uncommon at that time of materialistic theories.

These moral and social consequences of the materialistic way of thinking were not viewed with the necessary seriousness by many. They were seen as quirks. They are not. Rather, they are proof of the fact that the scientific way of thinking that developed in the last third of the nineteenth century cannot produce moral-social ideas. It was therefore under the influence of these ideas that an age arose which substituted completely meaningless moral-social phrases for ethical-social ideas. With these moral-social phrases, civilized mankind lived into the twentieth century.

A certain branch of science is trying to deceive itself and its followers about this fact. From this side one can hear: Nineteenth-century materialism is scientifically dead. But it is not dead. The difference between those who talk like this today and the materialists of the nineteenth century consists merely in the fact that the latter had the full courage to confess their materialism; but those of today who reject it think just like them; only they imagine that their mindless explanations of nature are not materialism. The dangerous consistency has been replaced by the much more dangerous inconsistent half-measure. Our public life is characterized by this half-measure. There are no moral-social impulses in the thoughts that are considered capable of founding a world view. Attempts have been made to construct a social world view from natural science. This was possible as long as people habitually lived in accordance with the old socio-ethical traditions and their thoughts had no influence on the development of public life.

The catastrophe of war has already cleared up this situation; with every month it clears up more and more of what has happened since this catastrophe. The people in whom the old traditions have died are gaining more and more influence. Only ideas that are unfruitful for a socio-ethical world view live in them.

An unbiased look at the public life of the entire civilized world reveals this fact. It must first come to the consciousness of a sufficiently large number of people before a possibility of reconstruction of the destroyed social conditions can occur. This improvement depends on the world view alone.

Whoever today still insists on the view that worldview is something that abstract thinkers may make up, that it has nothing to do in practice, is collaborating in the destruction, no matter how strongly he may believe that he is working for a social reconstruction. It is necessary today, even for the smallest economic institution, that those who play a leading role in it should be able to think about how this institution fits into the overall process of human development. Such thoughts can never arise in an honest, sincere way in those who more or less consciously orient their thinking towards the materialistic direction of the new age. For the most part, he does not even notice how this materialistic thinking works into the impulses of his social activity.

It cannot be emphasized strongly enough that the facts of public life today must be seen precisely in this light. Only those who see them in this way are thinking in the direction of recovery. It must seem natural to them not to compromise with that which has led to the destruction of social life out of the materialistic way of thinking. Many find it difficult to think in this way because they believe that If one should wait until the improvement comes from the way of thinking, one will have to wait a long time. Those who think this way must be told that their thinking is among the worst. For it is important that through such fatalistic thinking we do not first put on the shackles that cause us to "have to wait a long time". Anyone who says to himself: I will bring about social transformation right down to my way of thinking, shortens the waiting time that makes him so alarming.

That is why it must be emphasized again and again: It depends today on that inner courage which can summon itself to see in the path to a new spirit a true practice of life and in the deviation from this path the causes of our decline. Those who can judge in this way are alone the men of the future; the others are the reactionaries, however Marxist-radical they may be. But judgment must be ready to become action, energetic life practice. - The "practitioners" will ask: "Can one go to Spa with such views?" Oh yes, one could go; one could wait and see what would happen if one went with them; but one will certainly come back with unfruitful results if one goes there with the old thoughts. One should have a judgment today that these old thoughts in Spa will lead to nothing other than what they have led to for decades.