The Origin and Development of Eurythmy 1920–1922

GA 277c — 3 October 1920, Dornach

2. Address on Eurythmy

[Dear attendees!]

Allow me to say a few words to introduce this attempt at a eurythmy performance. I am not doing this to explain the artistic aspect of the performance, which would be an inartistic undertaking in itself. Art must make an immediate impression and be understood in the immediate sensation; otherwise it would not be true art. But what is being attempted here as eurythmic art comes from very special artistic sources and is presented in a special artistic formal language. I would like to say a few words about this source and this special artistic formal language.

We are dealing with a kind of soundless language in eurythmy, a language that comes about through movements that an individual performs with their limbs or in some other way, or that groups of people perform through their movements or changes in their mutual relationships in space and the like. What comes about in this way should not be pantomime or mimicry, but it is important that it is based on the same organic law as the human tonal language as such. What is presented here is not acquired by bringing together some feeling or thought or the like – emotions, for example – with a gesture or something similar through a momentary connection, but it is also this art in the sense of Goetheanism, that is, Goethe's artistic view. And Goethean artistic sentiment is expressed through a kind of visual, sensory-supersensory seeing. This is a mode of expression in Goethe's Theory of Colors that he uses.

Through a kind of sensual-supernatural seeing, one can actually see what kind of movement tendencies are present in the larynx and the other speech organs when the sound language is heard. In the ordinary listening, one is busy turning one's attention to the sound. One does not notice this because one does not have the underlying organ that is based on something moving in the whole organism. One understands what is meant here if one starts, for example, from Goethe's theory of metamorphosis, this theory of metamorphosis, which will only be properly appreciated in the future for knowledge and for life as a whole. Goethe sees in the whole plant only a more complicated leaf and in the individual leaf only a primitive whole plant. Goethe applies this in his morphology in order to understand the living in its becoming, in its weaving. If one transfers this to artistic feeling, artistic creation and if one comes to understand through sensual-supernatural contemplation: what movements the larynx and the other speech organs actually want to carry out? [gap in the text] they only pause so that it is not these movements that are expressed, but rather the transformation of these movements into the fine vibrations of the air, which are then conveyed by hearing. So in ordinary hearing, only a tendency of the speech organs to move comes about - which is immediately transformed into air vibrations.

We will now try to explore this tendency of movement of the speech organs through sensory-suprasensory observation, and then transfer it to the whole human being. In this way, you will basically have a living, moving larynx or living, moving speech organs in front of you in the people or groups of people here on the stage: you will see what is being spoken.

At the same time, there is recitation or musical performance. For basically it is necessary that what is presented in the eurythmic art is also presented in another way, which brings language to revelation in musical form or in speaking, in recitation and declamation. This can be illustrated here, that the recitation practised today, the art of declamation practised today is definitely on the wrong track. It does not really take into account what arises in true poetry from the prose content. Today, we live more or less in an unartistic time, and so we do not always know in the deepest sense how poetry arises through eurythmy, which is brought into the prose content of what is presented in poetry. We must always remind ourselves, for example, of how Schiller first had an indeterminate melody in his soul. He was then able to create one poem or another according to this indeterminate melody. The literal content was not important at all, at least not in essence. This can also be seen in what Schiller then presented as his aesthetics.

What the recitation must now strive for here is to also feel the musicality in the poetic form and likewise the pictorial, the plastic. For language only becomes truly poetic through the differentiation of images, through the poetic and through the details of the musical. What is important here is not the content of what is being expressed, but how it is shaped. Thus, the recitation must accompany the eurythmically presented in such a way. And the eurythmically presented itself will be all the more perfect the less it approaches the content of prose, pantomime, and so on.

Those of our honored audience who have visited Dornach often and have watched our attempts over time will see that we have continued to make progress by overcoming more and more of what was initially there as an imperfection in pantomime and in mime. The same applies to music. We can reveal in the succession of movements, in the inner harmony and disharmony, I would even say in the theme of the movements, what the poet also wants to express by shaping language artistically. And so we can express serious things in a corresponding eurythmic style, and we can also express humorous things. I am working on gradually extending eurythmy to include drama. So far, we can only present the drama of the appearance of the ghosts in “Faust” or of some other sensually or supersensually conceived figures in “Faust”. We can only present the drama that rises into the supersensible. What is being attempted in this area is not yet complete; but a very serious attempt is being made to find a eurythmic form for the purely dramatic. These things take time. They need to be studied in depth through sensory and supersensory observation.

However, this will testify to the fact that, as I have said, a thoroughly solid presentation is being sought for what we call eurythmy here. And the more we gradually bring out all pantomime, all mimicry, all mere gesturing, all mere dancing, the more we approach the ideal that we actually want. That is something about the art of eurythmy.

But this eurythmy has another side. It has a significant therapeutic-hygienic side. I will not talk about that here. But please allow me to say a few words about the pedagogical-didactic side, which you will also see, since children are also performing. We have made eurythmy an obligatory subject at the Waldorf School in Stuttgart. Now, I certainly do not want to go as far as a famous physiologist who was here recently and who also watched such a eurythmic performance, heard my introductory words about eurythmy. And as he told me afterwards, from his physiological point of view, gymnastics is not an educational tool at all, but a barbarism. So I don't want to go that far. I can only say that if we think more objectively about this, gymnastics will be judged differently in the future than it is today. Gymnastics has great value in relation to what the human body is and can be understood physiologically.

But there is something else that goes beyond this. This is what we must also strive for in education: the will initiative, the impulsivity of the whole soul. For this is precisely what today's humanity lacks, and what the next generation in particular needs to receive. After a year of teaching at the Waldorf School, it can already be said that eurythmy has become a powerful factor in teaching, that it has formed a subject, as can already be seen from the way the children engage with into eurythmy, how the children are present, how they take part in what it means to perform soul-filled movement, where soul is truly in every movement, where the body moves in such a way that the child follows the movements with the soul. We can already see from what has been achieved in a year of lessons what else can be achieved and can be achieved through soul-inspired gymnastics. So, in addition to being an art form, eurythmy is soul-inspired gymnastics.

We will therefore endeavor to always give not only the purely artistic but also performances that are given by children. Somehow, through the child's organism, the eurythmic is presented in a very strange, childlike-genius conception.

On the whole, we still ask for forbearance. We are our own harshest critics, we know where the mistakes still lie. But everything is in its infancy. And such a beginning has to be made in all things at some point in the development of humanity. And so I ask you to see the performance as an experiment, or perhaps even just as the intention to experiment. But at the same time we are convinced that what is intended in eurythmy will one day be perfected – perhaps by us, or probably by others. And then this eurythmy, which uses the whole human being as a tool – that is, which basically uses the microcosm itself as a tool and needs it as a means of expression – will become an art in its own right, one that can stand alongside its older sister arts as a fully legitimate one.