133.“King Harlekin”

A masked play in four acts by Rudolf Lothar
Performance by the Viennese Deutsches Volkstheater at the Deutsches Theater, Berlin

Examining a "mask play" for its dramatic necessities like a serious drama seems to me to be on the same level as an anatomist examining a caricature for its anatomical correctness. I wouldn't say this if it weren't for the fact that critics who come to mind have behaved in this way towards Rudolf Lothar's "King Harlequin". Above all, one thing has become clear to me. We have here a drama in which humor lives in the very best sense of the word. Prince Bohemund returns to his parents' house after an absence of ten years. His arrival coincides with the hour of his father's death. His father was a terrible king to the kingdom. His brother Tancred was an even worse chancellor. The queen wept herself blind over the misfortune of her poor country. Nor can she expect anything good from Bohemund as her successor. He lacks any seriousness. He has only traveled the world to amuse himself. Instead of allies, he brings a troupe of actors with him. Harlequin copies the prince himself with great skill. When something goes wrong in the prince's gallant adventures, so that a beating is imminent, Harlequin has to put on the royal mask and take the beating instead of his master. Columbine, another member of the troupe, is supposed to pass the prince's time with her feminine charms. But Harlequin loves Columbine and is terribly jealous of his master. Just at the moment when the old king gives up the ghost, this jealousy leads Harlequin so far that he murders the prince. Now his skill in copying his master comes to his aid. He puts on the prince's mask, declares himself to be the prince and claims that he has killed Harlequin. So Harlequin becomes king. He, who is used to playing only on boards that mean the world, is supposed to play a role in the real world. And he can't manage that. He wants to be a real king. He comes up against Tancred's resistance, who sees the king as nothing more than the will-less fulfillment of the idea of kingship. It is not the king who should rule, no, this abstract idea should rule, and the person is indifferent. The actor can play people: His play rests on the belief that the people who serve as models for his characters are real people. Because he thinks he can maintain this belief when he enters reality, he is impossible in this reality. Tancred decides to have him assassinated in order to place a less-than-perfect royal scion on the throne. Harlequin returns to his life as an actor after he has shown the court the experiences he had during his days as king in a light-hearted play, once again disguised as Harlequin. The idea of kingship is filled out with the not fully sensual sprout.

This is not a bitter satire, but a humorous poem. The poet understands the necessities of life and describes them without pessimism; but he finds the humorous mood that alone makes it possible to get over the pessimism. Rudolf Lothar has happily avoided a pitfall. The obvious thing to say was: "A comedian can teach a king." Fritz Mauthner thinks this is better. Harlequin could have grown with his higher purposes; he, as a comedian, could have surpassed a Tancred in true wisdom and humanity. It seems to me that Lothar's basic dramatic idea is deeper. For Harlequin is not an impossible king because he is incapable of being king, but because he is capable. He does not fail because he could not teach a king, but because teaching is impossible.

The only possible mood that this thought can bear is the humorous one. A tragic outcome would be unbearable. Just think: Harlequin goes down because he wants to play king and can't! That would not be tragic, but ridiculous. But an actor who realizes that he can't be king because, as the representative of an abstract idea, he would have to give up the content of his personality, and who runs away when he realizes this: that seems humorous.

Whoever wants a tragedy instead of Lothar's drama wants a different drama. But such a person does not consider that Lothar's Harlequin is not taking on a mission, but a role. He believes that only on the stage is meaning the main thing. He must experience that this should also be the case in life. In the play he can tolerate meaning, but not in life. So away to the scene where meaning is in its place. Harlequin wants to mean something, if he only has to appear with the pretension of meaning something; but if he has to mean something with the pretension of being it, then meaning becomes unbearable for him.

Lothar's characters are as full of life as humorous figures can be. You can't do without exaggeration in such characters. But the exaggerations have to embody the idea in a meaningful way. We are happy to tolerate an enlarged nose in the drawing of a personality as soon as we are aware that this enlargement of the nose is a characteristic that we arrive at when we allow the characteristic that the enlargement of the nose serves as a sign of to come to the fore in our perception.

I have to say about the performance that I found Mr. Kramer splendid in the leading role (Harlequin), considering the difficulty of making the transition from a real Harlequin to an acted King comprehensible. Although I have seen Ms. Albach-Retty in roles that she plays better, I would like to give her full credit this time as well for her execution of the task, which gave the impression of being finely toned. I would also like to pass the best judgment on the direction; there was impeccable interplay and successful stage sets.