Current Social and Economic Issues
GA 332b — 10 September 1921, Stuttgart
Address at the Meeting of the “Kommenden Tages” Works Councils
[In the introduction, the employee representatives from the various enterprises report on grievances and discrepancies between the ideal of threefolding and the reality in the enterprises. In response to a question from Rudolf Steiner, the example of an incompetent foreman is mentioned. The works councils are not sufficiently involved in operational decisions. A discussion about internal company issues is broken off at the request of Rudolf Steiner, since this is the wrong place for such a discussion.]
Rudolf Steiner says that much of what has been said is justified, but that the ideas of the “key points” can only be fully realized when we are further along. In these matters, it must be borne in mind that honest intentions are there, but one must come together and overcome the tremendous difficulties through discussion, not by talking past each other. From the point of view of real practice, we are all in a dilemma. We can only have proper business managers if they grow out of practice. The different views are a multiple obstacle to understanding, and can only be overcome through a certain liberality. Often enough, the intolerance of the trade unions prevents reasonable cooperation. The institutions cannot be changed overnight, just as the entrepreneur has certain obligations to fulfill in relation to his organization. At the building site in Dornach, reasonable cooperation was possible because the building could only be constructed through a willingness to make sacrifices. Since 1918, mutual understanding has become very difficult. It is not fantasizing on both sides that leads to understanding, but bridges must be found through loving engagement with one another. We have to come to that. We should understand each other. On both sides, everything is justified, but it is difficult to find an understanding. The education of the workers does not prevent this, because in my opinion it has been abundant. It would be necessary for them to believe us and for people to meet us halfway. It is still the case today that we recognize damage and mistakes, but that it is difficult to overcome some of them due to the existing obstacles, because the necessary understanding is lacking.
[Further discussion: about mutual understanding, the demand for a minimum subsistence level, about piecework.]
Rudolf Steiner then takes the floor for his closing remarks. He repeatedly emphasizes that it is absolutely necessary for the people united in the enterprises of the “Coming Day” to build the bridge through trust and mutual understanding that will make the transition from the old rotten conditions to the new and healthy ones possible.
He expresses his pleasure that the discussion with the works councils has taken place and hopes that such discussions will take place in the future.
Rudolf Steiner said something like the following: Propaganda for the threefold social order is fundamental because it can be seen as a way out of the plight. The opinion that the threefold social order has not been grasped by the proletariat as a result of inadequate schooling is not correct. The idea has been properly understood in certain broad circles of the proletariat. But instead of now pursuing the idea to its ultimate consequences, the workers turned to the old leaders and in the end abandoned the threefold order. It is only possible to make progress if one turns to the workers as a human being. The path to understanding was there, but the leadership stabbed us in the back.
The “Kommende Tag” is actually only a surrogate today. It was not founded to hold the ideas of threefolding, but to have a center from which further work could be done. Today, the “Kommende Tag” cannot yet satisfy many needs; but as a starting point, it has its great significance. If the threefold social order had been implemented in 1918, then something different from what the “Day to Come” represents today would have emerged from it. It would be necessary for associative life to develop out of the understanding of individuals for such a thing. Today, the will for it must become as strong as possible. But we also have to talk quite differently, and the consequences must be drawn in view of what is necessary in the future. The establishment of the “Day to Come” has actually boycotted those entrepreneurs who have joined forces with the “Day to Come”. Nevertheless, work must continue, and it must be expected that a widespread boycott will ensue. Now we should have common ground where we can orientate ourselves from person to person according to broad principles. Individual grievances must be treated separately from the big issues. There are healthy ideas in many minds, but many people today talk nonsense and do not realize that we are now entering the great crises, which will be much more terrible than those that have occurred. Everyone has social impulses, but they say things that awaken hopes, or they remain silent. Trust must be sought from person to person. Only with trust can we move forward. In many cases, trust cannot be established because an intermediary makes it impossible to achieve a good outcome.
We need to find a way to deal with the issues properly. We should communicate, so to speak, without talking. We have failed with the threefold order and now we are left with no alternative. In the earlier study evenings, we should have dealt with current issues on the basis of the “key points”, and not discussed the key points themselves. It would be necessary to continue these study evenings in the right way today.
The one who is supposed to eliminate the damage and does not do so sees the same much more clearly. Nothing will change if the working class does not take the “day to come” seriously and closes ranks. We have to find a way to unite our working class, and the others will find each other and agree to work. We can only reach our goal together. What is the minimum subsistence level? You have to tackle the issue on a large scale. If a company introduces the minimum subsistence level, that company will go under and the workers will be out on the street. It is not possible for an individual company to introduce full satisfaction. The proletariat can prevent us from falling into the capitalist system. The working class must support us to such an extent that a solid organization develops from our ranks, to which people cling with the same tenacity with which they still cling to the trade unions in some cases today. Such an organization must come into being. The way to achieve this must be found so that the workers unite to form such a new association. It is only through mutual trust that this union can be achieved, and the workers must take the initiative to do so.
Asking the proletariat to leave the trade unions is not something that can be done overnight, nor is it my intention. However, the trade unions must not be allowed to stand in the way of associative coexistence. Unless as many healthy ideas as possible are introduced into as many minds as possible, nothing will improve.