The Life of Man on Earth and the Essence of Christianity

GA 349 — 17 March 1923, Dornach

V. The Structure of the Human Being

Good morning, gentlemen! I would like to say a few more words about the second part of the question that was asked the other day. The fact is that when great questions of life are posed, one always has to talk an extraordinary amount about these great questions of life; because actually one would always have to draw on the whole of science to answer these questions of life, because the whole of science is there to answer the great questions of life.

Now, I have told you: anyone who wants to understand the actual human spiritual-soul life must really study the human being. Last time we did this with memory. And I showed you how memory, or recollection, is already something purely spiritual in man. Today I want to look at man from a completely different angle and show you some things that we have already discussed. But we have to keep these things together.

Let us compare the development of the animal with the development of man. Although the animal learns many things in life, it can actually do the most important things by itself. The animal would be able to learn very little if it could not already do so much. Just imagine a chicken hatching from an egg, it immediately pecks out the right grains. That is already in him. Man must first learn all this. Now there are three things that man must learn in the course of his very first life on earth. The first is what is called walking. The animal has an easier time of it because it can walk more easily. It stands on four legs, and it is easier to walk on four legs than on two. When walking on two legs, one must first come into balance. The animal is already in its equilibrium because it has four legs.

Now you may say: But there are animals that use their front limbs in a way similar to humans, for example monkeys or other animals. Yes, but you must always bear in mind that a monkey is actually rather clumsy with its front limbs in relation to its entire organization. Even if it does not always grope on the ground with its front limbs, it still needs to hold on to something with them. And if it does not hold on, if it does not climb, then it is quite clumsy. He cannot use his front limbs in the right way. But most animals walk on all fours, and man also walks on all fours in the beginning. He must first learn to walk by means of balance. That is what man has to learn in life: first, he must learn to walk.

Secondly, however, you all know that humans learn something that animals do not achieve, at least not in the same way. Only fantasists could claim that animals achieve it in the same way: I am talking about human language. I am not saying that animals cannot communicate. I have presented enough things to show you that animals can communicate. But they do not communicate through language. They communicate through scent or something similar, but not through language. So the second thing that humans have to learn is language.

The third thing that man must learn, and that the animal does not receive to the same extent, is thinking. Thus man must learn three things: walking, speaking, thinking.

You may say: Yes, the thinking that man does cannot be so easily distinguished from that of animals. You cannot know whether animals do not think too. But the one who says: You cannot know whether animals think too, when you look at animals, speaks much as one who says: If my grandmother had four wheels and a drawbar at the front, she would be a bus! Of course you can say anything if you don't look at the facts. You can, of course, if you don't look at the facts, say: Why shouldn't a stone talk or think? But if you look at the facts, it is the case that animals do everything not because of a personal reason within them, but because of a cosmic reason. They do not do it personally; therefore, what they do is perhaps much more intelligent, but it is not personal. They think a lot, as we have heard, but their thinking is not personal.

You see, a person must first learn these three things: walking, speaking, thinking.

A child developing normally first learns to walk, then to speak, and only after that to think. It is quite wrong to believe that a person first thinks and then speaks. Rather, he first learns language by imitation. He imitates the words he hears, and only once he is familiar with the words does he learn to think. It is only through language that a person learns to think. That is why the whole of humanity learned to think so late. Even the ancient peoples spoke, but humans only learned to think later. It was through language that they learned to think.

Now consider what human life would be like if man did not learn these three things as a child: walking, speaking, thinking! But you will also realize that for these three things, for walking, for speaking, for thinking, man needs his body. When it comes to walking, this is obvious to you. The whole structure of the body shows you that man needs his body to walk. You cannot imagine walking without a body. So for walking, a person needs a body. For speaking – well, I have described to you how speech comes about – a person needs his larynx, his tongue and all sorts of other things. So for speaking, too, he needs his body. And for thinking, a person also needs his body. For thinking, he needs his brain and his nervous system. You can easily see for yourself: if someone cannot think well and you examine their brain, you will find that it has become mush. They cannot think because it has become mush. So the human being needs their body precisely for what they learn on earth.

But now we must realize what actually happens when we walk, for example, when we move at all. When we move at all, something of us always perishes. If I stand here and just walk to there and then examine my body, I would find more ashes in my body after I have walked than were inside before, because substances have meanwhile burned inside. I cannot move at all, I cannot even balance myself, cannot relate gravity to myself if I do not burn something inside me. So I have to set something on fire in me when I use what I acquire through life by walking and moving correctly. But if I were only constantly active and constantly burning within myself, yes, I would soon perish from it. I must constantly create again what I have burned.

But you see, the outside world does not do that for me. The outside world does not restore what I have burned within me. For you only have to see what a human corpse looks like. It is completely surrendered to the outside world. It burns it. The outside world, namely, burns the body. You will say: Well, not all people are burned, but some are also buried. But the process of decay in the grave is only a slow burning process. It is actually exactly the same process. When someone burns quickly, well, the body burns in a short time. Those who are buried in the grave, burn slowly. It is always a real burning, as I explained to you last time with the flame; only this time it is burned quickly, totally, the other time it burns slowly in the grave.

Now when we surrender to the earth as a corpse, we burn. When we walk, when we move, we also burn. Only we can no longer make the corpse alive, because we cannot carry out the other process with it, which makes up for the burning. We can make the corpse alive again at any time by undoing the burning. Yes, you see, we can undo the burning as long as we are alive. We can really undo the burning. Why? If we only had the body that we put in the grave, we could not undo the burning. Besides the body that we put in the grave, we also have the etheric body. That is a fine body. So that, if we want to draw the human being correctly, we first have his physical body and then his etheric body. Because we have this etheric body, we can quite correctly make up for the combustion process that we always carry out through our movement. So we not only have a physical body, we also have an etheric body. When we sleep, our etheric body is constantly repairing what the combustion processes have done during the day. That means: we also have our etheric body during sleep. So the physical body and the etheric body of the person lie in bed.

Now, how does the etheric body differ from the physical body? You can feel it: what the combustion causes when you abandon yourself to the external world is heaviness. And the etheric body has no heaviness. And if you now properly consider the thoughts that you remember, you have to say that they do not belong to the physical body, they belong to the etheric body. And that is why man is not subject to gravity in his memory either. You can work and think at the same time, although it is difficult, but that is due to something else. We can discuss this later. But you can work and think at the same time. Everyone knows this because only the physical body is worn out by working. The etheric body is not worn out by working. That is the important thing. The etheric body is now so active in man that man has something of this etheric body that enables him, first of all, to have his memory.

But now we come to the second thing that a person can learn: language. Learning to speak is not the same as learning to walk. When we walk, we move in the outer world. When we work, we also move in the outer world. We come into contact with something in the outer world that offers us perceptible resistance. We speak out the language, and even when we are in a thick atmosphere, we do not even notice that the language is becoming heavy for us. We notice by other means what the air does to us when it is too thick, how it is disturbing. We do not notice this by language. And yet, without the air, we could not speak, because we move the air with our language.

Now, of course, it is not just external combustion processes that are constantly taking place in us. If you eat something, it first has to go through the mouth into the stomach. There it must be processed. Then it must pass into the whole body. This is an internal process; it also burns the physical body. If the etheric body were not active for a moment, yes, then it would be over with the human being. Then he would continually kill himself through his own combustion processes. What man actually does in the earthly world is all geared to killing.

This is not the case when speaking. If one interrupts the activity of the heart, that is, if the combustion caused by the activity of the heart is not immediately compensated for by the etheric body, the heart would stop. But when speaking, we cannot say that; because someone who speaks continuously would soon become tiresome. And he would not be doing himself any particular good either. When speaking, it is not the case that a person must speak continuously. He can speak when he wants and can also refrain from speaking. Now, he cannot stop the etheric body from balancing the activity of the heart. He must do this from the beginning of his life on earth until the end of his life on earth.

So there is a big difference between what a person does inwardly when he speaks and when he simply lives. One lives by undergoing the combustion processes. One speaks when one wills. But when speaking, it is also the case that we destroy something in us. We really destroy something in us. You see, when we breathe, we constantly absorb oxygen, combine oxygen with blood, and release carbonic acid. We cannot use nitrogen in the same way. But when we speak, we always absorb too much nitrogen. The strange thing about speaking is that we absorb too much nitrogen. We poison ourselves to a certain extent. To take in too much nitrogen means to become more similar to cyan. This is because cyan is a compound of carbon with nitrogen, just as carbonic acid is a compound of carbon with oxygen. Man is constantly cyanizing when he talks. And that, in turn, he must also counterbalance. When man sets his speech organs in motion, he also kills himself in a certain respect, just as he kills himself through the combustion that takes place during movement. He must counterbalance that too. And that is done by the astral body. — You need not be offended by the word “astral”. I could also call it something else. That is not important. So that is what the astral body does. This astral body is also present in man, and it comes to life in breathing and speaking.

And now you can see the big difference between the astral body and the etheric body. If we did not continually make up for the combustion that takes place during the day while we sleep at night, we would not sleep but die. So we have to leave the etheric body with the physical body during our lifetime on earth. We cannot speak at night while we sleep; we have to wake up first. Speaking is connected to the astral body. So at night we simply take our astral body out of our physical and etheric bodies. That is why we also breathe a little differently at night. We exhale less carbon dioxide at night than during the day. In short, we have a third body within us, an astral body (drawing page 89). And the astral body lives in our speech.

When we look at an animal, it can also walk, move; it just does not need to learn it, it has it instinctively. But if you look at the animals, yes, they cannot speak. But they also have speech organs. One must actually be amazed why the dog does not speak, why the dog only barks. He cannot use his astral body to speak. He does not learn to speak. We human beings must learn to move, to walk, we must learn to speak. The animal learns nothing for its etheric body, learns nothing for its astral body. But we human beings learn something.

Now, you see that we can learn something, that comes from the fact that we have thoughts. All learning consists of the human being receiving thoughts. When he speaks, he merely imitates. When he thinks, he has to be active himself. So man learns through thoughts. He also learns to walk and to speak through thoughts; he just does not know it yet. He does not yet have thoughts when walking and when speaking. And the fact that we can learn what animals cannot is because, in addition to the physical body, the etheric body and the astral body, we also have an I that permeates us completely. So we still have an I (drawing page 89). Then we have the four true elements of the whole human being: physical body, etheric body, astral body and I.

What I have told you now is based on a correct observation of the whole human being, on a real science. Ordinary science is not really science. It does not concern itself with facts. There is no question that every person who learns anything should say: Man has a physical body, an etheric body, an astral body and the I. But he does not say it because people do not concern themselves with facts.

And now let us visualize what actually happens at death. You see, you cannot really visualize this unless you continue your studies a little further than is usually the case today. It is true that today's cultural people, as they call themselves, are terribly lazy. What do today's cultural people do? They are not particularly concerned about the fact that man learns to walk, because this happens naturally through imitation of the adults. No special care is taken.

The fact that humans learn to speak does not particularly surprise people either. There was once a time on Earth when all humans could not yet speak. There was a kind of sign language. Then humans learned to speak. But that has long been forgotten by humanity. Today, history is simply viewed as looking at the people of the past who could already speak. And the fact that language is something that has to be actively learned is of no concern to people today. That is why there is dispute between nations. If only the nations would realize that they have learned the language, and that language is something that people have learned, then they would not be so proud of it and want to differentiate between groups of people. People have simply forgotten that language must be learned from within.

If you want to get into anthroposophy, then, I would say, you have to learn the language all over again. Because you will see that when any of today's scholars presents something to you, well, gosh, it comes out like a machine. Just watch it: it comes out like a machine. It is different from when something is presented to you from spiritual science, from anthroposophy. There you have to constantly search for the words, you have to inwardly take up the words anew. And afterwards, when you have formed the words, you are all the more afraid that they have not actually designated the right thing. With anthroposophy, the relationship to those who listen to you is quite different from that of today's scholars. Today's scholars no longer care about language. In anthroposophy, you always have to care about language.

You see, that is what comes to light in a special way when I write my books; then I am in a constant, I would say inner restlessness to shape the language correctly, so that people can also understand what is written. It is something new that one has to create with the language. Today's scholars simply say that I write in bad style, that I don't write proper German, because they are accustomed to putting words down only in the order in which the walking mechanism moves them. They do not speak from the soul. Therefore they are not accustomed to having their sentences formed somewhat differently than they do it. And so you see that people today no longer care much about language.

But now to the third, thinking. Yes, today's people are particularly proud of their thinking. But I say: people today do not think at all. Most of the time people today do not think at all. I will show you by an example that people today do not think at all. This can be learned from the example of religion. Religions are there. Yes, they were not always there. People have only developed into religions. And if you really study history, you will see how people struggled to develop their religious beliefs. That is why there used to be a struggle for religious beliefs. What are people doing today? Yes, they take on, by inheritance, what was once considered religious. But they do not want to take on new thoughts about the supernatural or anything like that. If people had always been like that, they would still be animals today – that is the truth – because they would never have thought about the supernatural. Today people are not capable of absorbing thoughts about the supernatural. They only absorb what has been preserved for them in the churches, what has been thought about this and that in earlier times. Of course, scientists will tell you: We are completely independent of the church. We have thoughts that we come up with ourselves. That is not true. Anyone who really knows the church will see that the thoughts of today's scholars are only the thoughts of the earlier church.

There was a great scholar in Berlin some time ago. His name was Du Bois-Reymond. He really was a great scholar. Above all, he spoke very elegantly because it was mechanically inherited - as the great-aunt also likes it, because the pastor in the pulpit only says what she already knows; if he were to say anything new, she would probably like it less and fall asleep. So Du Bois-Reymond, a great scholar, gave a great speech at the natural scientists' assembly in Leipzig in the 1870s. This speech has become very famous. He said something like: What we perceive with our senses, we can understand as human beings. We cannot understand the supernatural. We do not know it. - The speech has become famous as the Ignorabimus speech - ignorabimus, that is to say: we will never know anything. That was the conclusion: ignorabimus!

Yes, but why did Du Bois-Reymond give the speech? Would one of you have gone up to him and said: Du Bois-Reymond, you are a disciple – or for that matter, one of you could have said: Your Excellency, you are a disciple of the church father Thomas Aquinas! Du Bois-Reymond would have turned bright red and been terribly upset that he was supposed to be a disciple of Thomas Aquinas, the Catholic church father. He would not have wanted that. He did say once, in another speech, that the German scholars were a scientific protection force of the Hohenzollerns. — That is a saying that speaks of the same scholars to which he belongs. But even if he happily confessed to the Hohenzollerns, he would not have confessed to the Catholic church teacher Thomas Aquinas.

Yes, but you see, what did Thomas Aquinas teach? He also taught: Man can know the world of sense through himself; but to know the supersensible world, he needs the teaching of the Church; he cannot arrive at it by himself! Now, if you take away “ecclesiastical revelation” from this sentence and say that man can only know the world of the senses, that he cannot know the supersensible world through himself; but I do not accept church doctrine, you have the same thing that Du Bois-Reymond taught. He only crossed one thing out because it was a little inconvenient for him. He is really a disciple of Thomas Aquinas. It is not true that today's science has its own thoughts. It also takes the thoughts of the church. People just don't notice it. Only anthroposophy is developing its own thoughts. People don't realize that they have no thoughts of their own.

And so today no attention is paid to the fact that man learns to walk, to move, just as man learns to speak and how man learns to think. That is just it: if you pay attention to how language is formed from within, how one has to balance the burning again from within and how thinking is formed from within, then you come to the eternal, the immortal in man. But if you pay no attention to these things at all, it is quite understandable that you cannot come to the eternal, the immortal. It is precisely the thoughtlessness and inattention to language and the way a person walks that leads to the fact that a person does not pay attention to the fact that he has something within him that makes him more than the corpse that is put in the grave when he is dead. He must indeed fight this corpse every moment, otherwise he would die every minute. And he must fight it through his etheric body, his astral body and his ego. So man must constantly fight death within himself. Death is constantly there. We could die at any moment. But we do not die as long as we can combine our etheric body, astral body and our ego in the right way, asleep and awake.

So what remains for us in death? First of all, our etheric body remains. But this etheric body has a very strong attraction to the world. It has no weight, it has no gravity. But it immediately wants to expand when it is free, when we cease to live. What does that mean? It means that we pull out the etheric body. But we must die immediately if we pull out the ether body, because it is the ether body that allows us to live. Dying, then, means first of all to pull our ether body out of the physical body. The physical body now begins to burn properly because the ether body is no longer inside it. But this ether body immediately seeks to expand into the whole world. That is why a person still has memory after his death, because that is bound to the etheric body, as I have told you. But the etheric body expands rapidly throughout the whole world. That is why this memory has disappeared after a few days. So, for a few days, a person has a memory of his last life on earth, just as a drowning person also has that. I have already explained this to you the other day.

You see, this is claimed by someone who is an anthroposophist; he is not just making it up out of thin air, but what is he doing? Yes, he is learning something in addition to what one usually learns. In ordinary life today, man walks. He walks, that is, he watches how he is constantly burning. But he never watches how the combustion is compensated for again. If he were to watch how the combustion is balanced again, which happens when I just move my foot and have to pour into the etheric body to balance the combustion, he would begin to perceive the etheric body. But today people forget about it. He does not look at his ether body. And that is what anthroposophical learning consists of: learning to look at the ether body. One learns to see how a process that is directed against death is constantly developing in the human being. And now one does experiments in the same way as one does experiments in the physical and chemical laboratory. I will describe one such experiment to you. I have described the whole method of conducting such experiments in my book “How to Know Higher Worlds.” But I will show you once more how these things are done.

So, let us suppose that I have done something during the day, some kind of work, it can be more physical, it can be more mental. In the evening, before you fall asleep, you imagine very clearly: there, there you are, this guy. But you imagine him outside. And now you imagine how you moved your legs, moved your hands, how you thought, you imagine all that. And by imagining it again, a completely different idea gradually comes to you all by itself, namely the idea of how all this must be made good again. You get an idea of your etheric body, a piece of your etheric body. You can evoke that.

But people today say: Oh, if only people have learned to look at the external life, then it is enough! With the children in school, you just don't see to it that they get to know something else. That is, after all, the most convenient thing. Because the people who get to know more become rebellious. - You just need to develop this ability in the youngest age, then all people would be able to perceive the etheric body.

You see, you can have done the greatest exercises to perceive everything you do in terms of mobility, in terms of work, it can also be spiritual work; you can form very clear ideas, but history is reversed again, because after three days you have forgotten the ideas. If you learn something, something about the physical world, that remains in you if you have learned it correctly. The ideas you form about the supersensible world, even about the etheric body, have vanished in three days; if you don't first transform them into physical ideas, they are gone. Why? Because it is the same when you artificially create it as an experiment as it is after death. After death, the etheric ideas also go away. So they also go away when they are artificially evoked. Just as one, let's say, gets to know the compounds of oxygen in a laboratory through physical science, so one gets to know this through spiritual science when one then does the corresponding experiments on oneself. But that means not stopping at what is ordinary science. That is why my book “How to Know Higher Worlds” is the continuation of what people learn, but a kind of continuation like this fact that a person only has two to three days of experiences in their etheric body, which can be imitated, and then it becomes science.

Now, you see, you can experience the etheric body in this way. But you can also experience the astral body. When a person looks at water, he usually does not know that it contains hydrogen and oxygen. He must first separate the two substances from each other using a galvanic apparatus. Then he has the hydrogen and oxygen next to each other in two containers. So first one must be able to separate the astral body from the physical body in order to perceive it. One must therefore pursue real science with regard to these things. For example, one must pay attention: you have taken water at a certain time of the day, you have drunk water. Then you have not drunk for a long time. You have become thirsty. When you have become thirsty, you want to drink again. Just as when you want to speak, you first have to will that the speech should come. It is exactly the same. In speech, you have to will that you speak; when you are thirsty, you want to drink. Thirst means nothing more than that you want to drink. Thirst is the will to drink. And so you can say that you notice in yourself that you are getting desires, real desires. Note that at first we have memory. Memories sometimes come when we want them, but mostly all by themselves. They arise, the memories. They have to do with the etheric body. Desires, like thirst, hunger or the spiritual-mental desires, arise in man in such a way that they are like the will. This is where the human will expresses itself. The craving is there until it is satisfied, until the will has been realized.

Now consider what one actually wants when, let's say, one is thirsty. What does one want then? Yes, one has a condition in the body that one would like to remedy. What does one actually desire when one is thirsty? When one is thirsty, one desires that water circulates inside, in the way that water circulates in the body. Because it is not circulating, you are thirsty. What do you actually want? You want your body to function properly. When you are hungry, you also want your body to function in a certain way. You always want something in yourself. Now, you see, what you want in yourself, the body cannot achieve that. The will, the desire, the body cannot develop that. Right, if the body had to keep going out just to satisfy desire, then it would have to consume itself. The body cannot develop desire.

So where do desires come from? They come from the soul. And not from the etheric body. Something like memory comes from the etheric body. Desires come from the astral body. Desire is also not always there, while the life that comes from the etheric body is always there. Desire alternates with satisfaction because it is with the astral body. Thus we recognize the connection between desire and the astral body.

But what does desire actually want? It wants a certain state of the astral body. Now, if a person continues to learn in the same way as I have told you for learning about the etheric body, they can also continue to learn about their desires. Strangely enough, when a person continues to learn in this way, they go further and further back in their lives, and they come back to the point where they were in childhood. There he had nothing but desires. Because in that time, which one does not remember, he had nothing but desires. There one rages and fidgets, has nothing but desires. The child is only desire when it enters the world. And one goes back to that desire. And there one gets to know one's astral body.

You don't get to know your astral body if you don't apply what I described in “How to Know Higher Worlds”, because you only remember back to the point in childhood where the astral body has already merged with the physical body to such an extent that you can no longer distinguish it. But once you have developed this, you go back, you remember how, as a very young child, you wanted your entire physical body. And then you begin to understand what you do after death, when your memory is taken from you after a few days. You constantly desire your physical body from your last life. And that lasts longer. You can try it too.

If someone, let's say, has turned sixty and performs this inner experiment of remembering back to his childhood and there comes to the astral body, then he gets to know this astral body quite well. But he notices that now, when he is sixty years old, it is quite different for him than it would have been ten years ago. This changes with age. At the age of sixty, it is easier to go back than at the age of fifty. And at the age of twenty-five, it is almost impossible to go back. At the age of twenty, you cannot go back to the astral body. So this changes with life.

So you can get to know the astral body, and then you can say: the astral body changes as you get older. The older you get, the more desires it develops, and so it has more desires when you have passed through death, when you are older, than when you are still very young. Then it has fewer desires. And as long as a person has not yet come to no longer desire his physical body, he lives in his astral body after death. Next time I will show you why one has to say: After death, a person lives one-third of his lifetime in the astral body, only a few days in his etheric body. There is not enough time today to elaborate on this.

And then the human being completely breaks away from his desires. He no longer desires his physical body, and then something very peculiar occurs. He does not get the desire for the physical body he had, but he does get the opportunity to make provisions for the physical body he will receive in the future. And now he undergoes a process in the spiritual world that enables him to receive a physical body again in a future life on earth. That takes the longest of all. So he comes to life on earth again.

Next time I will explain to you that what is called eternity can be well substantiated. I will then answer the question in full next time. That is part of the question that has been put to me.

But, gentlemen, I explained the matter to you in such a way that I actually led you to the spiritual first. I told you: in addition to the physical body, we also have the etheric body, the astral body and the ego. That is already there before a person is not only born, but before he has taken on a germ life, conceived, conceived, conceived. That is there.

Yes, but you see, there is a certain ecclesiastical dogma that has a very strange content. That was very soon after Christianity had spread. The Roman Church forbids people to believe in a life before earthly life. Why? You see, people don't care much about life before earthly life. They say: Well, I'm here; what does life before life on earth matter to me. - On the other hand, people are very concerned about life after death, because they do not want to stop living. That interests people.

But you cannot get to know the life after death if you do not get to know the life before birth, that is, before conception. One is not possible without the other. So what happened when this dogma was established, that one should not look at life before life on earth, that one should not believe in life before life on earth? There the whole prospect of man for the supernatural has been cut off for him. Yes, does it make sense that exactly the church cuts off this prospect of the supernatural? Oh yes, it makes sense, because then the church can, because man still desires life after death, take all dying into their administration. Then man recognizes nothing of what is after death, and is dependent on the church to tell him. Then man gets the longing to believe the church above all. So it was very good for the church, namely, that this dogma was established: man lives after earthly life. Because through that, the church has taken on the administration of dying.

I once had a conversation with a famous astronomer. He didn't believe in anthroposophy. But astronomers are the ones who most easily understand that you can't stop at the physical. We talked about church and state. He was so well-positioned with both that he liked the state quite a bit, but liked the church less because it leads people only to mere belief, not to knowledge. And then this astronomer said very beautifully: Oh, the church has it good, much better than the state, because the state only has to administer life, but the church administers death. And because the church administers death, it has much more time for itself, it is much more successful.

Spiritual science, anthroposophy, wants to make people realize that they themselves manage their dying. That is the story. You see, gentlemen, that will be real progress. Then people will no longer want to feel dependent, but will want to take their lives into their own hands. And that is what matters.

Today, people are already realizing that things can't go on as they did in the past. In the past, they used to think: I will work for a while in life, it must be so, because if you don't work, life wouldn't work; but after that I will retire from the state. — That was the idea. And when I die, they said to themselves, then the church will retire my soul. Right, they are retired from that too, without their knowledge, without their contribution to eternal bliss.

That is precisely what real progress should be: that man takes his life into his own hands, not allowing it to be managed by the state or the church, but rather that he achieves something out of knowledge, out of will, out of himself. And to do that, he must also scientifically comprehend his own immortality.