Rhythms in the Cosmos and in the Human Being

GA 350 — 30 May 1923, Dornach

Reincarnation, Gymnastics, Dance and Sport

Good morning, gentlemen! Since not all of you are here today, I will perhaps speak in such a way that those who are not here will not miss much. Perhaps you have something to ask?

One questioner (Mr. Burle) wants information about reincarnation. There are many more people on earth today than there used to be!

Another question: He had often noticed that people like to turn, whether it's in dance or something else. Even when a dog is running, it always returns to the same place. Even if you get lost in the forest or in the fog, you will come back to the same place.

Dr. Steiner: That is actually a very interesting question!

First of all, the question that was asked regarding incarnations. If we take into account anthroposophical spiritual science, we come to the conclusion that every person who lives now has a whole number of earthly lives behind them and still has many ahead of them, so that the human soul always returns. We must not imagine that what is meant by this has anything to do with what was often believed in ancient times: that human beings have passed through animal bodies and the like. Our opponents ascribe this to us. There can be no question of that. But two objections can be made against the idea of human beings recurring again and again. Mr. Burle has the first.

The usual view is that the population of the earth is constantly increasing, that we therefore have considerably more people in Europe today than, let us say, for example, about a hundred and fifty years ago. Isn't that what you mean? So if all those who are here today, with a large population, were to be traced back to their previous lives on earth, far too many would come out? So one would have to say: There were far fewer people living in the past, and there are far more people living today. So how can it be that people from the past are appearing in present-day bodies? That is the question. This question is asked very often. There would be too many people today for us to be able to say that they had all been here before.

Well, there are a number of things to be considered. First of all, the statistics that are compiled are only ever based on certain areas where the population is increasing extremely rapidly, and this gives the impression that if the population of the Earth had been constantly increasing, as if, say, three or four thousand years ago there had been only a few people on the Earth and today there were an enormous number of people on the Earth. You calculate back that far. For example, they say that in Europe the population has approximately doubled in the last one hundred and fifty years. Now you calculate further back and say that two to three thousand years ago there must have been terribly few people on the earth.

But, gentlemen, this is also in complete contradiction to the facts that we otherwise know. I am merely drawing your attention to the following. You see, if we go back before the time of Christ's birth, say perhaps two thousand years, the largest pyramids were built in the Nile region of Africa, in Egypt; the entire Nile has been regulated. And when you think about the crowds of people that were needed to build these huge structures, for example, just the sphinxes, which are huge in size, to produce them in such large numbers as they were produced, you get the view: it is quite wrong to think that there was a small population in Egypt at that time, but there must have been a dense population in Egypt, much denser than the population is today in Saxony or in Belgium, for example. So the idea that you go back in the development of the earth and encounter fewer and fewer people is quite decidedly contradicted by the facts of history.

Furthermore, if we go much further into Asia, we find huge canal systems laid out. If we have Europe here (it is drawn) – I have already drawn it for you – we have Africa there. The Nile and Egypt would have been there, and over here we have Asia. It is an enormous continent that continues on. And here we have this teeming population that built the pyramids and so on. Over there we have the old Chaldean country in Asia. You know that in the Bible it says of Abraham that he came from Ur in Chaldea. This Chaldean country existed at that time. And in this country, in ancient times, huge canal systems were built, the remains of which can still be seen today. These, in turn, required huge masses of people. So you have to imagine that, simply proven by the facts, several thousand and even a thousand years before the birth of Christ, huge masses of people were present in Africa and Asia.

Furthermore, you must bear in mind that when the Europeans came to America, they settled there. But America was not empty of population in those days. That old Indian population, of which I have told you, which was so copper-colored, has died out completely. If you look at the remains, some of which are buried, you can see that there was a huge population with which the Europeans did not come into contact.

So this is simply not true, that there were far fewer people on Earth in the past. Just think, we don't even have accurate data on the current population, only for a certain area. What do European statisticians know today about the Chinese population today and a thousand years ago! All that travelers tell us about this indicates that the population does not always decrease as one goes back, as is usually assumed, but that there have been times when the earth was extremely heavily populated. There have certainly been times when certain areas in particular have been less populated, but we will soon see that this does not matter. So that in general, even in the face of what can be known through the external science, the objection that there are too many people today as reincarnations from earlier times can be completely dismissed.

But there is something else to be considered. You see, if you look at people today, you come to the conclusion that one of them, let us say, has gone through a thousand years between death and the present birth, the other perhaps only five hundred years, the other perhaps fifteen hundred years in the spiritual world before coming down again. So that the people who live today were by no means all there at the same time, but at different times. When there was once a smaller population on earth, then the souls just waited upstairs until there was more population again.

So what can be said about incarnation and reincarnation, about re-incarnation, is absolutely in line with the facts. I have often said – and this is an objection that has been raised time and again over the many years in which I have been lecturing – that this is just a mathematical calculation. Let us assume that in the year 800 A.D. there was a person somewhere; now in the year 1000 A.D. there would have been another person (it is drawn). Now we have 1923. Now it may well be that the one from then meets the one who is there, because the one from then undergoes a shorter journey. Now in 1923 there are already two, and in 800 and 1000 A.D. there is always one at these different times. So they do not all have to be there at the same time and come back at the same time. So that also applies to those times when the earth is less populated, that there are fewer souls coming down to earth.

If you think about it, you realize that it wasn't just that there were two people here once, then four, then six and so on, but the further back you go in the population of the earth, the more you realize that it happens in a very rhythmic way. There are times when there are many people on earth and times when there are fewer people on earth. And we never come back to a single couple, as the Bible says. It is not meant that way. It cannot be said that there was once a couple, as it is written there. So you would have to say that if you only assume that there were once two people, there would always have to be only two, and in the meantime none at all. But that is not the case. Real science contradicts what fantastic science believes today.

But now something else. You see, one must be clear about the fact that a certain time must pass before man comes back down to earth. And then you can ask: Yes, when does he come down? - Then, if you really research this matter to the end, you will find out: One who has occupied himself a great deal with the spiritual world here on earth grows more easily into the spiritual world after death. Because he has occupied himself a lot with the spiritual world, he then needs a relatively long time between death and a new birth. You may be surprised that I say long. He can spend a long time in the spiritual world because he has already learned a lot from the spiritual world. People who have occupied themselves a great deal with the spiritual world can develop better there, remain there longer and come back later. On the other hand, someone who is only concerned with the material world comes back relatively soon. And so things also shift.

This is one objection. Then there is another objection, quite different. I have already pointed it out to you. It is this: why are the former incarnations not remembered? - Yes, you see, gentlemen, it is like this: if someone says that man can calculate, then there is no doubt about it — man can calculate. Now someone says: but I will prove to you that man cannot calculate. Well, how do you do that? Then he brings a small child who cannot do arithmetic. But he says, ‘That is also a human being.’

It is the same with earlier lives on earth. Man can gradually learn this, and he will learn to remember his earlier lives on earth as he continues to develop further and further on earth. This is precisely something that spiritual science says that man is not yet ready to remember in the present, what he experienced in a previous life. But what we can say in spiritual science is completely in line with that. You see, gentlemen, you are awake from morning till evening. You experience everything around you. And when you remember, you only remember what you have experienced while awake. Just think how quickly you forget even your dreams, which, as I have already told you, do not mean anything special! So the human being remembers what he has experienced here while awake. But there is something else that he does not remember here on earth. That is what he experiences in a state of sleep. And in fact we experience a great deal more in a state of sleep than we do when we are awake, only with our present consciousness man cannot yet grasp the experiences of sleep. Once the ability to do so has been acquired – which can indeed be acquired by man – then we know that an enormous amount is experienced in sleep. But in general man does not yet know this. Now the human being dies, and what he experienced while awake disappears after two or three days. It seems as if all the thoughts that one experiences while awake simply go away after two, three, four days. And then all the things that one has experienced in sleep emerge. As I have already mentioned, these take up a third of one's entire life on earth. That is, what a person experiences inwardly, he does not know even here on earth. He will know it when he becomes more and more engrossed in spiritual science.

Therefore, we need not be surprised that in the present life on earth we are still unconscious of things that happened in earlier lives on earth. I also told you the other day what a difference it makes if I put a shirt button down without being aware of it – then I can walk around looking for it in the morning, always looking – and if I explicitly remember: You put this button here –; then I won't walk around looking for it, but will go straight for it. It just depends on whether you think of something.

In ancient times, people knew that they repeatedly live on earth, but through the millennia they did not think of it at all as something spiritual. Therefore, they cannot remember it in the present life on earth. But there comes a time when they will remember, just as there comes a time when a four-year-old child will be able to count.

Now comes the other question: Man has such an urge to go around in circles. That is quite a correct observation. I must draw your attention to the following. We learn, as we have emphasized before, that as a child we actually only stand and walk, we learn as a child to move upright and so on. Now just imagine you are lying in bed asleep, and you wake up with a dream. Not only can you dream of turning over, of course that is the first thing, but you can even dream of flying! And dreams in which a person flies, initially in a spiritual sense of course, are not that uncommon. The fact that a person flies in their dreams usually comes from the fact that they wake up. When they are awake, they are accustomed to either feeling the ground under the soles of their feet or feeling the seat of a chair under them, to have something under them on which they are sitting upright, in short, to always feel something under them when they are awake. When a person is lying down, it is very rare for him to bump into the bed with the soles of his feet, because the soles of his feet are free. So he wakes up in a situation he is not used to. He thinks he is in the air and flying. That is his first belief.

But now you have to consider the following. When we first learn to walk and stand in life as children, that is, to be upright, then the ability to straighten up is not innate in us; we are just learning it. On the other hand, we now ask ourselves: where does this ability to straighten up come from? What are we doing when we walk upright? — You just have to think very carefully about what you are doing. Imagine there is the surface of the earth (see blackboard drawing, far right). If you let go a stone here, it will fly to the earth. Why? We say because the earth attracts it. Whether that is exactly true, that the earth attracts it as if on a thread or not, would have to be properly understood first. We could also talk about that some time. But in any case, there is a force there that pulls it down, otherwise it would not fall. And wherever the stone is, it falls vertically to the ground.

We too must learn to place ourselves in this line. We must learn to place ourselves in the vertical line when we are human beings on earth. So we fit ourselves into this vertical line. Our whole physical body would make no sense at all if we did not fit ourselves into the vertical position. Because look at the animals that do not walk in a vertical position, but walk on all fours: Yes, their toes are designed quite differently from our fingers! So, if our physical body is to make sense, we have to fit into the vertical position; that is absolutely necessary.

But what the physical body needs, does the etheric body also need? You know, I told you: we not only have this physical body, which we see with our eyes when we look at a person, which we can touch with our hands, but we also have a fine etheric body. Yes, this etheric body does not need to adapt in this way. It retains different habits. What habits? Well, gentlemen, you know that the earth is round and that day and night alternate. How do day and night change? The sun is here (it is drawn) and when the sun's rays fall on the earth, it is day on this side. It would always be day if the earth did not turn. When this half, which is red here, comes over here, it is night on this half and day on the other half - it then comes over here.

So day and night arise because the earth is turning. Now just imagine: the etheric body of a person, this fine body that a person also has, does not get used to the vertical position as a child, but always wants to participate in the rotation of the earth. This etheric body always wants to move around the earth; it always wants to be like this, it always wants to make this movement. If the ether body did not want to make this movement, then you, if you were walking straight in the direction of the earth because the earth was making this movement, would constantly want to turn around because you would always be in pain from the impact you would receive. There must be something in you that always participates in the movement of the earth, otherwise you would always be in pain.

From this you can also see how thoughtless present-day science is. It knows very well that the earth rotates, not only that movement that the physical body makes when it has adapted to this vertical position. But now you have no body that participates in this movement! That is the story.

Now imagine that you are fainting. When you faint, something leaves your physical body and etheric body, the I and the astral body, that is, the actual spiritual-soul. And you feel that the etheric body wants to turn. At first you turn spiritually, just as in the morning when you dream, when you feel that the ground is not under you. So when you faint, you turn spiritually at first. When a person feels dizzy, for example, only the soul wants to turn. But imagine that you now walk along without thinking. Yes, when you walk along without thinking, you mechanically move your physical body. You do not think about walking at all, and especially when it is foggy in the forest, you cannot think about walking; you do not know where to go, where to turn, where to go. When you walk with your physical body, you are heading towards a certain point. Sometimes you don't even know it, but the path itself guides you to a certain point. But when it's foggy, you can't see anything; your physical body doesn't know its way around. Then your etheric body comes; it just wants to make its movement, and that is a circular movement. So it follows the circular movement, and pulls the physical body with it! When you are merely dreaming or dizzy, the astral body makes the movement. But when you are on the move, the ether body draws the physical movement into the physical body, and you take part in it. From this, however, you can see that the ether body is not at all earthbound. The ether body in man does not take part in what is on earth.

Now just imagine: as such, a human being is an earthly creature between birth and death. There he has to work. But you know, it does not always go with the work. The physical body would wear out and so on. Now the human being wants to move his physical body, but he does not want to move it in the way that the physical body has adapted to the earth; he wants to move it according to the ether body. But the ether body wants to make circular movements, and so the human being dances. And ordinary dancing consists precisely in man following not his physical body but his ether body. The desire to dance exists precisely so that man can forget his physical body and feel that he belongs to the world.

However, according to his inner feeling, a person would want to belong to the world far too much and follow his etheric body. Actually, most of the time a person does not want to move the way the earth wants him to, but rather wants to follow his ether body. And he would quite like to move in circles, as the ether body wants to move. Therefore, a person must get used to movements that belong to the earth. And we have included these usual movements in education: gymnastics. Why do we do gymnastics? Gymnastics consists of adapting to the earth even more than one is otherwise able to adapt to the earth. By detaching oneself from one's etheric body, one does gymnastics. But one must also, in order not to become completely estranged from the great world, the outer world, do such movements that do not bind one to the earth.

Now, you see, we live in an age of materialism. Those people who long for materialism the most live in the West. The Orientals, those who have had an old culture, the Asians, they have no great longing to belong to the earth. They consider the earth to be a veritable vale of tears, much more so than the Christian, and those who live in the Orient, in Asia, want to get out of there as quickly as possible.

But Westerners are very fond of the earth, very fond of it. They don't say that out loud, but they would actually like to stay on earth forever. That's why they would like the following. And now I have to tell you something: the etheric body wants to move in accordance with heaven. The planets move in circles, so the earth moves in circles. The etheric body wants to move in a circle, the physical body wants to get out of this circle. If it has a lot of work to do, it will get out of this circle; but suppose the higher classes in the West, who have nothing to do, how do they feel about it? They feel a bit strange, they feel uncomfortable because the etheric body is constantly pestering them. When such a beefsteak-eating person goes through the world, the etheric body is constantly pestering him, constantly tormenting him, and he wants to make circular movements. And this beefsteak-eating person then wants to follow these circular movements of the etheric body. Gosh, that's so uncomfortable! The etheric body wants to dance all the time, make round, beautifully round movements, and the beefsteak eater can't keep up. Now he wants to get his physical body used to not letting itself be dragged into the round by the etheric body all the time. Now he does sports; not just gymnastics, but sports. And the result of this sport is that the person comes out of his ether body completely, following only the physical movements on earth. In this way, the person becomes more and more friendly with the earth and turns away from the spiritual world.

You must not think that one loses touch with the spiritual world merely by not thinking about it, but also through such things as doing too much sport, when one thus completely diverts the physical body from the etheric body. This is terrible for man, and it is even something that is, I would say, a very worrying thing. The more sport is done, the more people forget the spiritual and come back again from the spiritual world immediately after their death, in a very short time. So that therefore, when everything in the West would not receive something spiritual, the Earth would gradually be inhabited only by people who no longer want to go back to the spiritual world. But then there would gradually be only people on earth who would gradually destroy the earth completely. We are already beginning to see a little of this. This little is already quite strong for people of the present time. But when people no longer pay attention to their etheric body, but only to their physical body, that is something that will cause terrible conditions on earth. And here again spiritual science must intervene. This can only be done by opposing those movements which are entirely directed towards driving people into their physical body, making them entirely earthly, and opposing them with other movements.

Now people are already so minded that the most important thing for them is to become earthlings. You will understand, even now, after I have given you so many lectures, that without being a Philistine, the heart aches in such matters.

You see, I was also in England last summer. Just as we were leaving, the whole of England was in a state of agitation, waiting for the evening papers to report on the most important event. Everyone was eagerly awaiting the evening papers. What were they waiting for? The result of the football match!

We have just come down from Norway. When we got on, there were many people there to accompany us. The platform was full of people. And when the train started to move, we heard: Hurray! Hurray! - And at the next station they shouted: Long live him! - Yes, of course it wasn't for our sake, but rather, the question is what was there. I just managed to find out: They were soccer players who had come up from Central Europe and were now going back.

Yes, what are people interested in today? Much more than in some event that has something to do with the weal and woe of millions of people, people today are interested in these things, which gradually draw the physical body away from the etheric body, so that the human being becomes no more than an animal on earth.

That is the reason why the movements that are being made all over the world today and that are spreading further and further, must be countered by others: these are the eurythmic movements. These are aligned with the etheric body. When you see eurythmy, you see all the movements that the etheric body performs. When you watch sports, you see all the movements that the physical body performs.

Yes, gentlemen, that is extraordinarily important, for at the same time there is a longing for sport. I do not want to speak against sport in general. Of course, sport is quite good when it is practised by people who also work, because at work one has to get used to more unnatural movements; if one then introduces natural movements into sport that are more suited to the physical human being, then recovery through sport is good. But this modern-day sport, in which many people also take part who have no need to recover, what is that? Yes, there are sportsmen today who, under certain circumstances, go to church quickly in the morning and pray: “I believe in one God in heaven, and so on.” Then they go to the sports field. Yes, they do not say it with words there, but what they do there, if you put it into words, it means: “I do not believe in a God in heaven. He gave me the etheric body, but I don't want to know anything about that. I believe in flesh and bones, that is my only bliss. — You see, that is of course the necessary, unconscious consequence of what is being done today. It is not only by saying that one does not want to know anything about the spiritual that one is a materialist, but by such things, by which one tears the whole human being away from the spiritual.

So that in relation to your question earlier, one can say: If someone goes into the forest and it is foggy, and he gets lost, it may happen that he runs after his etheric body. That's not so bad, he just comes back to the same place. If you turn around – that's not so bad, there is a lot of back and forth, once back and forth to the etheric body, once back and forth to the physical body. That is because man has both and should also develop both. That is contained in it. But the fact that today in the West in general there is a tendency to break away completely from the etheric body and to take care of the physical body alone, that is what accounts for the terrible materialism that is the actually harmful materialism. Because thought materialism is not even the most harmful. The most harmful is the materialism where the whole person comes down to the animal. That is indeed what one must consider.

It is very easy for people to say: Yes, he is a Philistine, railing against sport! Sport is something extraordinarily useful. But I am not railing against sport at all. People should only do sport, they are free beings. But they will then destroy themselves entirely as human beings if they only pay homage to sporting things.

In this respect, it must be made clear that what I said in the first chapter of the “Key Points” applies in the broadest sense. Of course, when I wrote these “Key Points”, I thought that I would write in such a way that people would think about them. Well, they didn't give a damn about it! They didn't think at all, and the “Key Points” were not understood at all. I said: Of course, we have a great democratic, proletarian movement, but if you look, most proletarians today imitate what the bourgeois imitated them in the past, they imitate science and believe in what is presented to them at the universities. Sometimes the proletarian parties are the first to vote for laws – I recall the freedom of the press; the socialists are usually the first to say: Yes, there must be a board of experts and the like. And with regard to sport: sport is, of course, a bourgeois invention, which will also be copied if possible! Of course it won't work completely; but all the same, in spirit, it is simply copied and regarded as something that is the only thing that is beneficial, whereas in fact the proletarian movement can only become something if it gets its own impetus, if it doesn't copy what the earlier classes did. That is why I have written this first chapter. Everywhere you could see how the proletarian movement unfortunately comes under the influence of belief in authority. That is why I have written this first chapter in the “Key Points” and thought that people would think about it.

But of course, thinking is something that people who do sports do not like at all; because when someone is really doing sports, they get out of thinking. You can only think with the etheric body. No matter how hard you try, you cannot think with your physical body. Therefore, when asked: Should one eat meat or just plants to be able to think better? - one can only say: You cannot cultivate thinking through eating; you have to do that through the etheric body. You have to enter into the etheric body.

So you see, the etheric body almost shows its presence in the human being through these circular movements that the human being wants to make, through the desire to dance or through this getting lost and going in circles.

Yes, gentlemen, if you have ever lived in Vienna, for example, then you know that the Viennese are easy-going people. They are; they are cozy, but they are easy-going people. In Vienna there is the Prater. This is a large pleasure garden, a huge pleasure garden. The Prater is something where you actually go on Sundays if you have not been a good-for-nothing who went to the Prater every day. There are sausages in the Prater, Bajazzi and so on, all sorts of things. But the paths in the Prater are designed in a peculiar way as paths. Because the paths are designed that way, you will always end up at the same place. You walk down a long street, go into the forest somewhere; yes, after a while you will be back where you were! If you were at a hot dog stand, you are back there now. The paths are designed that way. You see, of course they didn't say to themselves: We'll lure the Viennese out to amuse themselves – but they felt it, sensed it, and that's why they laid out the paths so that people don't even need the fog to get back to the same place, but they made circular paths that the etheric body wants, where the person already feels completely removed from the physical body. You can also feel so absorbed that you enter into a real sense of well-being. If you have no sense of direction, you will go in circles. But if you already have paths that make you go in circles by yourself, you also have the feeling of well-being. And that is what the people who created the Prater wanted to evoke in the Viennese: that their etheric body would have a real sense of well-being when they kept coming back to a place like this. It is very ingeniously designed. It still exists today. You can see for yourself how the paths go. If you get lost in them, you will find your way back, but you will get turned around. And this turning around, especially if you do it all Sunday afternoon, is something that leads people into a real sense of well-being.

Now this is a much more innocent sense of well-being than many other feelings of well-being. You know that orientation also ceases in other ways, I have told you the story before: when you come home late at night and you don't really know whether you are drunk or not, you put your top hat on the bed. If you see it once, you are not drunk, if you see it twice, you are drunk. This is because it turns. You see, something is turning there too: the astral body. If the person lying in bed is drunk, his astral body turns. But if someone brings in the etheric body in a more spiritual way, by walking on round paths, the etheric body turns. That is the more innocent kind of turning.

Drinking goes into the astral body, while turning goes more into the etheric body. Then one also understands what a difference there is. Because if I look at someone who is drunk, yes, he does not turn like someone who walks on round paths, but with him everything turns as if his astral body itself had now become the earth. He turns as the earth turns. That is the astral body that turns.

But when people dance or spin around in the Viennese amusement park Wurstl-Prater, it is the etheric body that turns. It takes the physical body with it; that is the more innocent one. You can say: in the case of someone who dances, it is the etheric body that turns, and in the case of someone who is drunk, it is the astral body that turns. So you can tell by looking at a person's life what they do whether it is the etheric body that is doing it or the astral body.

You see, today's science does not yet deal with such things. Therefore, it cannot answer the big questions of civilization, because people do not know how to set things up so that man does not become completely inhuman. Humanity is becoming more and more animal-like if today's obsession with sports remains as it is.

Something spiritual must enter into humanity. And I am convinced that those people who, on the one hand, get to know the earth through work will also long to enter into the spiritual realm and gradually learn to understand that the spiritual must also be cultivated, that it is necessary.

Well, that is what I wanted to tell you for the time being. We will talk about these things in more detail so that everything becomes clear to everyone.