The False and the True Threefold Order of the Social Organism
The confusion in the economic conditions of Central and Eastern Europe is beginning to cause a kind of political nightmare for the leading circles of Western countries. There is a fear of being drawn into the general decline. Those who can look this fear in the eye without prejudice can see the perplexity in the conduct of public affairs.
This lack of orientation is rooted in the lack of will to look beneath the surface of public life. People shy away from doing so. Because they sense that such a look would reveal things that cannot be dealt with by the means to which one has become accustomed. So people organize congresses and conferences: for the time being, it is taken for granted that they only think of these familiar means.
But these means will inevitably fail in every case, because they do not address the forces that prevail in the depths of the life of nations. And it is in these depths that the questions that trouble the world are now taking shape. We should act on the realization that something in these depths is crying out for a change in our outlook on life and our way of life.
In its view of world events, humanity has been torn out of real life. Even in the most practical questions of life, it dreams of goals that must falter in the face of reality. Only a keen observation of this reality can lead to recovery.
All political and economic life is ultimately rooted in the spiritual. How people think is how they act. But healthy forces can only flow into action if the spiritual life has healthy nourishment. This nourishment is lost when the spirit denies itself. When it expresses not itself but spiritlessness in its revelations.
Humanity has been thrown into this state in the most recent times. People have become accustomed to expressing not the spirit but only the spiritless, the materiality of life, through the spirit. But those who seek the truth in this way will ultimately lose it altogether. For the truth wants to be shaped out of the spirit even when it draws the material processes of life into its realm.
A search for truth that cannot draw its juices from the spirit itself will, out of inner necessity, end up with the phrase. And the phrase is today the hallmark of public life. The parties coin the phrases. They agitate with the phrases; they find credence with the phrases.
Phrases lack the lifeblood of the spirit. They will therefore never be able to permeate the reality of life. But they numb. They cast a spell over people's souls. They believe that through them they can master public life. However, recovery will not come until a sufficiently large number of people have recognized the infertility of phrases in their lives. Until then, we will not even be able to see the roots of the current widespread diseases. We will see reality sailing in the confusion of foreign currencies; but we will speak of “improving conditions” in party slogans.
And when the slogan becomes the mistress of intellectual life, it also does not allow the truth to prevail in political and legal life. The behavior of men towards one another cannot take on the form of law. For the law must take root in the feelings. But phraseology withers the feelings. Law becomes convention. In the legal and political sphere, convention is the companion of phraseology, which lives out itself on the spiritual plane.
Convention can eke out its existence in dead laws and administrative measures; real life needs the law rooted in the soul in the social sphere, just as the spiritual life needs the spirit, and under the power of phraseology it withers away.
In economic life, routine develops under the influence of phraseology and convention instead of real practice. And this routine actually dominates the economic side of existence today. Economic life does not unfold in harmony with the other needs of the human way of life. It has gradually become an element of existence to which man devotes himself because he simply has to live, but which he does not include in the whole of his life's development. When the spirit and the law shape the mind in their truth, then in the economic field arises the genuine practice of life. But when the management of the purely material-technical in economic life prevails, then the bloodless, heartless routine arises. Like an automatic mechanism, the processes of economic life roll under the power of routine. They draw human life itself into their cycle.
Today's humanity groans under the power of routine in economic life. It deserts the genuine sense of justice; it creates indifference to the spiritual and an inclination to get carried away by empty phrases. For in life, the cause not only produces the effect, but the effect also has an effect on the causal agent. Phrase and convention push towards routine; routine allows phrase to flourish, and the warm-hearted human coexistence in a fertilizing sense of right degenerates into heartless, life-paralyzing convention.
A tripartite division of the social organism has arisen under the force of modern life, which expresses itself in phrase, convention and routine. The “threefold social organism” seeks to overcome this threefold division. It is criticized for wanting to divide what is social unity. It really wants the opposite. It wants it because it believes it has the knowledge that under that striving for unity, which is held against it, the threefold division of social life into phrase, convention and routine is forming. This tripartite division can only be remedied by the healthy interaction of the three elements of the social organism. The unreality of the phrase must be recognized through the impulses of a free spiritual life, the coldness of convention through the recovery of the sense of right, and the barrenness of routine through the mechanization of existence. Existence is only viable through truth in the spirit, justice in the coexistence of people, and genuine practice in economic activity. Just as the whole organism of the individual suffers when a limb is deprived of its very own conditions of life, so the social organism cannot flourish when the spiritual life wastes away in empty phrases, the legal life dies in convention, and the economic life mechanizes in routine. Even if this is expressed in the famous old Roman parable, humanity suffers particularly today from the fact that its leaders sin against it. This parable has also become a cliché.