Goethe and the Present

GA 68c — 27 November 1891, Vienna

III. On the Mystery in Goethe's Enigmatic Fairy Tale in the “Conversations of German Emigrants”

Report in the “Chronik des Wiener Goethe-Vereins” of December 15, 1891

Goethe Evening, November 27

On this day, Dr. Rudolf Steiner (who is currently involved in publishing part of Goethe's scientific writings for the great Weimar Goethe Edition at the Goethe Archive in Weimar) gave a lecture on the “secret in Goethe's riddle fairy tale in the ‘Unterhaltungen deutscher Ausgewanderter’”.

After a brief introduction by the lecturer on the relationship between the “fairy tale” and the narrative, the conclusion of which it forms, and the indication of the fact that Goethe's view of the world and life is symbolically presented in it, Miss Adrienne Kola from the k. k. Hofburgtheater, so that despite the simplicity of the performance, not only the mysterious, mystical character that runs through the whole, but also the numerous individual highlights that the performance rises to, were fully expressed. One could hear it in the recitation of Miss Kola, to which one had to pay particular attention when it comes to an interpretation of the “Fairytale”.

Dr. Steiner followed the recitation with his own observations. The “Fairytale” presents, in a Goethean way, the solution of the same problem that Schiller also attempted in his Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man at that time: How does a person, dominated by the laws of nature and sensual existence, reach that highest state where he can partake of full, unrestricted freedom? Schiller undertook the solution of this task through a philosophical investigation, Goethe gave it in a vivid image filled with rich poetic content. The happy state that man will achieve when full freedom is his own is presented to us as the marriage of a young man to the beautiful lily, the queen in the realm of freedom. The young man rules, endowed with the three highest gifts that can belong to man: wisdom, piety and strength. The temple from which he rules the new kingdom rises above a river that separates the kingdom of freedom from that of natural necessity, sensual drive, passion, before that highest human goal is achieved. This river represents the state, custom, law and justice, which prevent people who have not yet been prepared for freedom from seizing it before they can understand and use it. Only at certain moments is it possible for man to cross over into that longed-for land. At noon, when the green snake coils itself over the river and serves as a bridge, and in the evening, at dusk, when the shadow of a great giant stretches across the river. The snake represents human selflessness and self-denial. Only in those moments when all selfish desires are stilled, when man selflessly loses himself in the objective world, is he worthy of freedom and also partakes of it. Opposite the snake are the so-called will-o'-the-wisps. They feed on gold, which (in the fairy tale) is the symbol of wisdom. But they cannot digest it and throw it away as worthless metal. The will-o'-the-wisps are the symbol of human selfhood, which becomes selfishness and does not take up the gold of wisdom for the sake of the latter itself, but only to shine and show off with it. False prophets, demagogues, teachers who lack the actual love of knowledge are meant by this. From their mouths, wisdom is an empty, insubstantial phrase. But if it is also grasped as such by a receptive mind, it is imbued with inner life and leads to the highest culture. The gold that the will-o'-the-wisp throws out is devoured by the snake and makes its body shine, so that in the space that it now illuminates, the light of the highest knowledge, which is indicated by the old man with the lamp, also shines. Only where there is receptivity for this light, i.e. in a space where there is already another light, does the same shine. The giant represents blind arbitrariness, the raw force of nature, which does not lead people into the realm of freedom through its own value and efficiency, but through those means that join them by chance, without inner necessity. This element, which is added to man merely by external natural force, is symbolized by the shadow, which man, after all, does not cast himself. When the time comes, that is, when man has grasped that he must not merely renounce his self for moments, but that selflessness must become his very nature and essence, then the state of complete bliss will set in. Then the snake does not merely lie across the river for a short time, but sacrifices itself and forms a permanent bridge from the realm of nature to that of freedom. The wanderers now cross over and over without compulsion, that is, they move equally well in both realms; they ennoble their natural obligations through freedom, and they perform their deeds of freedom as if they were to happen with natural force. A state of humanity has thus been achieved that Schiller strove for through the realization of his aesthetic society.

During the course of the lecture, Dr. Steiner shared three interpretations of the “fairytale” from Goethe's circle of friends, which were recorded by the poet himself in 1816, with the permission of Prof. Dr. Suphan, director of the Goethe and Schiller Archives.