A New Experience of Christ

GA 69c — 18 November 1910, Dresden

7. From Buddha to Christ

Within our European spiritual culture, one may already express the name of Buddha with very different feelings today than fifty years ago; yes, one must consider that the greatest mind of our culture, Goethe, knew nothing of Buddha. It is precisely here that we can recognize how feelings change. There is widespread interest in Buddha today. Where does this interest come from, which is present in broad sections of society, and why is the name of Buddha familiar not only in research? This is connected with the development of humanity, with the penetration of spiritual elements into this development, which will become common property in later times. I would like to draw attention to the fact that the interest shown in the Buddha promises to become a matter of the heart, a matter of the soul. At first, people do not always judge soul matters correctly when they arise. Now something is happening today that happened [in a similar way] a few centuries ago in a field more remote from the great interest, when the old scholars, misled by inaccurate observation, did not want to accept Francesco Redi's sentence “Living things come only from living things”. We see a parallel to our time, which also believes it must reject the sentence “Spiritual-soul-like comes only from spiritual-soul-like” - precisely because of inaccurate observation.

It is believed that a person's inner disposition is inherited only from their father and mother. Of course, anyone who does not believe in spiritual beings cannot go further, but anyone who recognizes the realities of the spiritual world will find it self-evident that a person's spiritual soul comes from a previous spiritual soul and that this spiritual soul draws on the predispositions of the ancestors, that there is therefore an essential core. And that is the teaching of reincarnation. Just as the animal is the repetition of its species, so the human being is the repetition of his individuality. What we see growing within us here in the way of inner gifts is nothing other than what we have acquired in previous lives on earth. Just as every plant can flourish only in soil that is suitable for it, such as the edelweiss that can take root only in the high mountains, so every human being seeks out his environment, which forms the basis for his destiny, because the environment that is beneficial and appropriate for him exerts an attraction on him. So this person is born in this country and this language area, in this family, that person in that country in that family - because his or her individual character determines this. That is the law of karma: we ourselves forge our destiny. To many, this seems fantastic, and it can easily be refuted from a scientific point of view. But just as Francesco Redi was pushed by scientific facts to express his assertion that “living things come only from living things”, so we are pushed to express the sentence: “spiritual things come only from spiritual things”. Just as Francesco Redi's sentence was misunderstood, so will our sentence be misunderstood. But every new truth evokes resistance - and from the experiences of the past we may draw courage.

Now the question arises: Why does man not remember his previous lives on earth? This ability to remember can be acquired, although it is difficult, but it must be possible to trace a thread back to previous earthly lives. Now, today's human being is mostly unable to see the bigger picture; today's European human being is not even able to remember back to birth, and the first years are dark for him. We have heard that remembering begins when the idea of self emerges in the soul. We also know that the concept of self places itself like a wall in front of the past and that we therefore cannot see into the spiritual world. If we understand this, then we can also understand the work that is involved in penetrating past earthly lives. Strict soul exercises are part of this: the self must be carried out, the self must become objective; everything that could come must meet us with complete composure. It is difficult to achieve and carry this out not only theoretically, but also in our inner life, but by doing so we gain an [independent position with respect to the ego]. We are in an important time. The human brain will think differently when it has to tell itself that everything is cause and effect [of a past life]. This is something that deeply affects everyone. Man must mature to this.

We will understand how people today can be interested in the Buddha's teachings: Buddhism, this religious confession, contains the teaching of reincarnation – albeit not quite as it is understood in Theosophy. So the interest in Buddhism is connected with something that is affecting humanity today. Now we need to ask ourselves: how does this truth fit into what European culture means? How does it relate to Christianity? For our culture is completely based on Christianity, and all opponents of Christianity have taken their concepts from the Christian arsenal. For those who think this way [in terms of the doctrine of reincarnation], the question arises: How can the Christian impulse be reconciled with this concept? Even without Buddhism, the doctrine of reincarnation would have to be crystallized out of European culture.

If you read a book about Buddhism today, you will find many [special] terms: “Nirvana” [for example] is presented as the great goal for the Buddhist; “Nirvana” is a place that is associated with the extinction, the annihilation of all existence - it cannot be put into words, since there is no word for non-existence. One could hold great discussions about what Buddha meant by it. But we just want to try to determine the mood content, to contrast Buddhism and Christianity, to place the Buddhist's perception next to that of the Christian. First, there is a story among Buddhists: the wise King Milinda comes to an initiate and wants to hear something about the secrets of life. The conversation goes as follows. The initiate asks: How did you get here? — The king answers: By carriage. — The sage looks at the carriage; he sees the wheels: Are these wheels the carriage? — No, they are not. — Is this seat the carriage? — No, it is not. These are only the parts of the carriage, but all the parts are not yet the carriage. So what else is there? — Name and form. All the individual parts are really there, but together they are only name and form. But name and form are something unreal, just like the mango fruit on the tree, which only has name and form in common with the fruit from which the tree grew. What does the wise man mean by this? The concept of reincarnation was self-evident to him. So he explains how in this life, a person only has name and form in common with the previous life. The Buddhist does not recognize the continuous self that passes through the embodiments – only name and form. He sees the individual parts of the carriage, connected by name and form to form a whole. This is not quite in line with the teachings of the Buddha, but it depends on the feelings of a follower of Buddhism.

Now let us transfer this parable into the Christian realm: let us imagine a Christian sage speaking to a Christian king. Let us imagine that the conversation is the same as the one above, but in the end, the sage would have to say, based on the spirit of Christianity: You cannot come here on a mere name, on a mere form. These are words that must be backed by something real, something spiritual. That mango fruit at the top of the tree has become the same as the fruit that was the origin of the whole tree, although nothing physical connects them. There must be something that has formed them as equals: there must be something spiritual. - In the same way, the Christian feeling must assume that there is a continuous self from embodiment to embodiment in reincarnation. The Buddhist, on the other hand, sees the path from embodiment to embodiment without knowing the bond of a common ego, and thus he gets the feeling of futility.

Buddha, the king's son, who had grown up without having known suffering, was deeply moved when he saw a sick person for the first time - then the idea of suffering poured into him. When he saw a dead body for the first time, he realized: Death is suffering. And now it became clear to him: Life is suffering, being born is suffering, being sick is suffering, being separated from what we love is suffering - everything is suffering. Why is everything destined for suffering?

Now imagine a person like Buddha, how he faced this riddle of life. Many lives before, many lives after – and always, always suffering, suffering! He felt the urge to explore this, and a long quest followed. When enlightenment came to him – which we refer to as “sitting under the bodhi tree” – he realized: the passion, the thirst for existence, comes from previous incarnations, and this is connected to life. Therefore, suffering is connected with the thirst for existence, and so, if suffering is to cease, the thirst for existence must be extinguished. This is what he said in the sermon of Benares. Man can, through his own work, become indifferent to existence and thereby extinguish all previous embodiments and free himself from suffering. There is nothing in the world that cannot cause us suffering. If we free ourselves from everything, we can enter into Nirvana. We cannot describe Nirvana, because we lack the concept for the absolute nothing. We simply have to leave out everything that is in our imagination. The ideal of Buddhism is the extinguishing of existence. Buddha stands before us and says: I look back on many embodiments. In my present body I know that I must become free from all thirst for existence. The previous embodiment pushed me towards this body, towards that which now pushes me to become free from corporeality. I know quite certainly that each time spirituality has built the body for me as a temple; but my goal is no longer to return to such a temple of the body - I feel this.

Now let us compare this feeling with the Christian one. In the Gospel of John, Christ Jesus says of the temple of his body: “Destroy it, and in three days I will raise it up.” Christ Jesus has the will within himself not to leave what is earthly life. This is not suffering, but something that should be developed. Even if there are still many embodiments to come, keep improving your temple, live each life on Earth in such a way that you continue to perfect yourself. When we let the warmth of the Gospel sink in, we ask: What did Christ bring? The answer is: In the Christ impulse we find the indication that life can be purified. Buddha descends to become free of the embodiments; Christ descends to make life perfect. Buddhism is a doctrine of salvation, but Christianity is a doctrine of resurrection! Christ says: When you acquire the higher, you will become ever higher, and a new life will arise. The Christian impulse is compatible with the concept of reincarnation – it is strong enough for that. Why is that so? Because Christ is not just a teacher. It is significant that Christ did not write anything down himself, because the essential thing is his deed – his deed at Golgotha has eternal significance.

The historical event at Golgotha is a seed for something other than the liberation from suffering. Is birth suffering? No. - Is death suffering? No. - Is being separated from those you love suffering? No. — Because death leads to new birth, and every birth brings powers that are exhausted through life. But illness is purification; by conquering illness, strength comes. Not being united with those we love is not suffering, because the Christian knows the realm of the spirit, where what belongs together is together. Nor is being united with those we do not love suffering, because the Christian seeks to live in love. To make everything Christian – that is Christianity. To learn through suffering, to learn through happiness, that is what we as Christians want.

And so we see the great difference in development that extends from Buddha to Christ. One religion is a religion of salvation, the other a religion of resurrection. But then we will also understand how the Buddhist confessor cannot even approach the self. The sensations, the feelings, the ideas, the consciousness – none of this is the self. The Christian, on the other hand, says: the self is everywhere. The spiritual self is behind everything, but we do not see it because we are not able to perceive it. We may strive for the resurrection of our self through Christ – so that the spirit may shine out to meet us from every stone, from every tree. And so, Western intellectual life has nothing to gain from Buddhism, but it has much, very much to gain from accepting the doctrine of reincarnation. And just as Buddha tied the doctrine of suffering to a corpse, so several centuries later we see people looking up to a corpse. A corpse became a source of comfort and strength for them: Christ on the cross.