{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 108/1908-10-20/p003","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"The relationship between anthroposophy and philosophy has already been discussed, albeit only briefly. Today we want to talk about fairly elementary aspects of so-called formal logic. Despite the elementary nature of our deliberations today, it may not be without use to delve into a philosophical chapter between our forays into higher worlds. It is not meant that such a lecture could directly offer anything for penetrating into the higher worlds. A logical consideration can do this no more than formal logic can enrich experience in the sensory realm. For example, someone who has never seen a whale cannot be convinced that they exist. He must make the observation himself. But it is precisely the knowledge of borderline areas that will be useful to anthroposophy, just as logic was useful to scholastics. The philosophers of the Middle Ages, who today are somewhat contemptuously grouped together under the name of scholastics, did not regard logic as an end in itself either; it did not serve to learn anything substantial. The subject-matter of teaching was either the observation of the senses or revelation, which is obtained through divine grace. But although, in the opinion of the scholastics, logic was quite powerless to enrich experience, they nevertheless regarded it as an important instrument of defense. So it should be an instrument of defense for us as well.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"12. Formal Logic I","site_heading":null,"date":"1908-10-20","location":null,"word_count":223,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/108/1908-10-20/p003","alignment_confidence":"medium","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Answers Provided by Anthroposophy Concerning the World and Life","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA108/English/SOL2024/19081020p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/108/1908-10-20/p003"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/108/1908-10-20/p003","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1908-10-20","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 108/1908-10-20/p003","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/108/1908-10-20/p003"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","audit"],"length_check":{"de_words":221,"en_words":223,"ratio":1.01,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 108/1908-10-20/p003","passage_number":3,"text":"Es ist gleichsam als Episode schon über die Beziehung zwischen Anthroposophie und Philosophie gesprochen worden; heute wollen wir sprechen über ziemlich elementare Dinge der sogenannten formalen Logik. Es wird trotz alles Elementaren unserer heutigen Betrachtung vielleicht nicht unnütz sein, wenn wir zwischen unsere Ausblicke in höhere Welten uns auch einmal in ein philosophisches Kapitel einlassen. Es ist nicht gemeint, daß ein solcher Vortrag direkt etwas bieten könnte für das Eindringen in die höheren Welten. Das kann eine logische Betrachtung ebensowenig, wie die formale Logik die Erfahrung auf sinnlichen Gebieten bereichern kann. Jemand, der zum Beispiel noch nie einen Walfisch gesehen hat, kann sich nicht beweisen lassen, daß es einen solchen gibt. Er muß die Beobachtung selber machen. Aber gerade die Erkenntnis der Grenzgebiete wird der Anthroposophie nützlich sein, wie die Logik etwa beispielsweise nützlich war den Scholastikern. Die Philosophen des Mittelalters, die man heute etwas verächtlich unter dem Namen der Scholastiker zusammenfaßt, betrachteten die Logik auch nicht als Selbstzweck, sie diente nicht dazu, etwas Inhaltliches zu erlernen. Lehrgut, Lehrinhalt war vielmehr entweder die Sinnesbeobachtung oder die Offenbarung, welche durch göttliche Gnade gewonnen wird. Aber obgleich nach Meinung der Scholastiker die Logik ganz ohnmächtig war, die Erfahrung zu bereichern, so wurde sie doch von ihnen angesehen als ein wichtiges Instrument zur Verteidigung. So soll sie auch für uns ein solches Instrument sein.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":221,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/108/1908-10-20/p003"}],"english":["GA 108/1908-10-20/p003"],"method":"identity","confidence":"medium","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":221,"en_words":223,"ratio":1.01,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","audit"]},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.03,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":3563,"original_word_count":3476,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Answers Provided by Anthroposophy Concerning the World and Life","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA108/English/SOL2024/19081020p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 108/1908-10-20/p003"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"medium","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. 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