{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 108/1908-10-20/p004","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"A distinction is made between material and formal logic. Logic as such cannot grasp anything material or substantial as its object. Concepts such as time, number, and God give a content that does not arise through logical conclusions. On the other hand, the form of thinking is the task of logic; it brings order to thoughts, it teaches how we must connect concepts that lead to correct conclusions. It is fair to say that logic was more highly valued in the past than it is today. In grammar schools, philosophy, logic and psychology used to be taught together. The aim of the teaching was to lead young people to disciplined, orderly thinking; propaedeutics means preparation. Today, however, people are trying to eliminate this kind of preparation and incorporate it into the study of silence because logic is no longer sufficiently respected. Thinking, they say, is innate in man; so why teach thinking in a special subject? But it is precisely in our time that it is very necessary to reflect on ourselves and to devote more attention to formal logic.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"12. Formal Logic I","site_heading":null,"date":"1908-10-20","location":null,"word_count":180,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/108/1908-10-20/p004","alignment_confidence":"medium","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Answers Provided by Anthroposophy Concerning the World and Life","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA108/English/SOL2024/19081020p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/108/1908-10-20/p004"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/108/1908-10-20/p004","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1908-10-20","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 108/1908-10-20/p004","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/108/1908-10-20/p004"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","audit"],"length_check":{"de_words":173,"en_words":180,"ratio":1.04,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 108/1908-10-20/p004","passage_number":4,"text":"Man unterscheidet zwischen materieller und formaler Logik. Etwas Materielles, Inhaltvolles kann die Logik als solche gar nicht als ihren Gegenstand begreifen. Begriffe wie zum Beispiel Zeit, Zahl, Gott geben einen Inhalt, der nicht durch logische Schlüsse entsteht. Dagegen ist die Form des Denkens Aufgabe der Logik, sie bringt Ordnung in die Gedanken, sie lehrt, wie wir Begriffe verbinden müssen, die zu richtigen Schlüssen führen. Man darf wohl sagen, daß die Logik in früheren Zeiten mehr geschätzt worden ist als heute. In den Gymnasien wurde früher philosophische Propädeutik, Logik und Psychologie getrieben. Der Unterricht zielte darauf hin, die Jünglinge zu einem disziplinierten, geordneten Denken zu führen; Propädeutik heißt Vorbereitung. Heute strebt man danach, diese ganze Art der Vorbereitung auszumerzen und sie an die Stillehre anzugliedern, weil man die Logik nicht mehr genügend respektiert. Das Denken, sagt man, sei dem Menschen angeboren; warum also in einem besonderen Unterrichtszweig erst noch das Denken lehren? Aber gerade in unserer Zeit ist es sehr nötig, hier Selbstbesinnung zu üben und sich wieder mehr mit formaler Logik zu beschäftigen.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":173,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/108/1908-10-20/p004"}],"english":["GA 108/1908-10-20/p004"],"method":"identity","confidence":"medium","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":173,"en_words":180,"ratio":1.04,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","audit"]},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.03,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":3563,"original_word_count":3476,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Answers Provided by Anthroposophy Concerning the World and Life","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA108/English/SOL2024/19081020p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 108/1908-10-20/p004"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"medium","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}