{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 108/1908-10-20/p022","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"We shall now see how one comes to know a certain legitimate connection in order to be able to find a number of such figures. Correct thinking proceeds according to quite definite such figures of inference; otherwise it is just wrong thinking. But things are not always as easy as in this example. Merely from the fact that the conclusions are wrong, one could often find out today, from even the most learned books, that what has been said cannot be true. Thus there are inner laws of thinking like the laws of mathematics; one could say an arithmetic of thinking. Now you can imagine the ideal of correct thinking: all concepts must be formed according to the laws of formal logic. However, formal logic has certain limits. These limits must be applied to the human mind. This would lead to correct insights and recognize the nature of fallacies. By all rules of logic, it would conform to the laws of logic if we said:","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"12. Formal Logic I","site_heading":null,"date":"1908-10-20","location":null,"word_count":165,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/108/1908-10-20/p022","alignment_confidence":"medium","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Answers Provided by Anthroposophy Concerning the World and Life","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA108/English/SOL2024/19081020p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/108/1908-10-20/p022"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/108/1908-10-20/p022","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1908-10-20","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 108/1908-10-20/p022","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/108/1908-10-20/p022"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","audit"],"length_check":{"de_words":157,"en_words":165,"ratio":1.05,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 108/1908-10-20/p022","passage_number":22,"text":"Wir werden nun sehen, wie man einen gewissen gesetzmäßigen Zusammenhang kennenlernt, um eine Anzahl von solchen Figuren herausfinden zu können. Ein richtiges Denken verläuft nach ganz bestimmten solchen Schlußfiguren; sonst ist es eben ein falsches Denken. So leicht wie in diesem Beispiele liegen die Dinge aber nicht immer. Rein aus der Tatsache heraus, daß die Schlußfiguren falsch sind, könnte man heute oft aus den gelehrtesten Büchern herausfinden, daß das Gesagte nicht stimmen kann. So gibt es innere Gesetze des Denkens wie die Gesetze der Mathematik; man könnte sagen eine Arithmetik des Denkens. Jetzt können Sie sich das Idealbild des richtigen Denkens vorstellen: alle Begriffe müssen nach den Gesetzen der formalen Logik gebildet werden. Die formale Logik hat aber gewisse Grenzen. Diese Grenzen müssen angewendet werden auf das menschliche Geistesleben. Dadurch würde man zu richtigen Einsichten gelangen und erkennen das Wesen der Trugschlüsse. Nach allen Regeln der Logik würde es den Gesetzen der Logik entsprechen, wenn wir sagten:","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":157,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/108/1908-10-20/p022"}],"english":["GA 108/1908-10-20/p022"],"method":"identity","confidence":"medium","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":157,"en_words":165,"ratio":1.05,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","audit"]},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.03,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":3563,"original_word_count":3476,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Answers Provided by Anthroposophy Concerning the World and Life","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA108/English/SOL2024/19081020p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 108/1908-10-20/p022"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"medium","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}