{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 120/1910-05-16/p030","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"To ask such a question as:—‘What would have happened to the Roman Empire if the Greeks had not beaten off the Persian attack in the Persian wars at a particular time?’—is often quite futile, but to ask: ‘How did it happen that the Persian war ended in this way?’ is by no means futile. If we follow up this question and seek an answer we shall see that in the East, definite results came about because there were despotic rulers who only wanted something for themselves, and who, to gain their ends, combined with the sacrificial priests. The whole organisation of the Eastern State was at that time necessary for any given thing to be accomplished and this arrangement brought with it all the trouble which resulted in the Greeks—a differently constituted people—defeating the Eastern attack at a critical moment. How then must we consider the karma of those who worked in Greece to resist the Persian attack? We shall find much that is personal in the karma of those in question, but we shall also find that their personal karma is linked with the karma of nations and of humanity, so that we are justified in saying that the karma of humanity placed these particular persons in that particular place at that time. We see here the karma of humanity affecting the individual karma, and we must ask how these things are interwoven. But we may go still further, and consider yet another connection by means of Spiritual Science.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"1. The Nature and Significance of Karma in the Personal and Individual; and in Humanity, the Earth and the Universe","site_heading":null,"date":"1910-05-16","location":null,"word_count":250,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/120/1910-05-16/p030","alignment_confidence":"medium","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"not_established","translator":null,"identified_edition":"RSP1984","book_title":"Manifestations of Karma","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA120/English/RSP1984/19100516p01.html","evidence":null,"reason":"source_says_translator_unknown","note":"The source page itself says the translator is unknown. No translator is established for this lecture: nothing at the level of the lecture names one. Do not attribute this English to a translator, and do not borrow a credit from another lecture of the volume. Cite the German for anything load-bearing."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/120/1910-05-16/p030"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/120/1910-05-16/p030","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1910-05-16","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 120/1910-05-16/p036","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/120/1910-05-16/p036"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":252,"en_words":250,"ratio":0.99,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 120/1910-05-16/p036","passage_number":36,"text":"Die Frage ist gewöhnlich ganz müßig: Was wäre mit dem Römischen Reiche geworden, wenn nicht die Griechen in einer bestimmten Zeit den persischen Angriff in den Perserkriegen zurückgeschlagen hätten? Aber nicht müßig ist die Frage: Wodurch ist es gekommen, daß die Perserkriege gerade in dieser Weise verlaufen sind? — Wer dieser Frage nachgeht und eine Antwort sucht, der wird sehen, daß im Orient ganz bestimmte Errungenschaften nur dadurch zustande kamen, daß gewisse despotische, Herrscher da waren, die nur für ihre Person etwas wollten und sich zu diesem Zwecke verbanden mit den Opferpriestern und so weiter. Die ganzen damaligen Staatseinrichtungen waren notwendig, damit im Orient etwas geschaffen werden konnte, aber diese Einrichtungen haben es mit sich gebracht, daß auch alle die Schäden eintraten, die dann eingetreten sind. Und damit hängt es zusammen, daß ein andersgeartetes Volk - die Griechen - im entsprechenden Moment den morgenländischen Angriff zurückschlagen konnte. Wenn wir das bedenken, werden wir fragen: Wie steht es mit dem Karma der Persönlichkeiten, die in Griechenland gewirkt haben, um den persischen Angriff zurückzuschlagen? — Da werden wir manches Persönliche finden im Karma der betreffenden Menschen; aber wir werden auch finden, daß das persönliche Karma mit dem Volks- und Menschheitskarma verknüpft ist, so daß es berechtigt ist zu sagen: Das ganze Menschheitskarma hat gerade diese bestimmten Persönlichkeiten an diesen Ort in diese Zeit gestellt! - Wir sehen da hineinspielen Menschheitskarma in das Einzelkarma. Und wir werden uns weiter fragen müssen, wie diese Dinge zusammenspielen. Aber wir können noch weitergehen und einen andern Zusammenhang betrachten.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":252,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/120/1910-05-16/p036"}],"english":["GA 120/1910-05-16/p030"],"method":"length","confidence":"medium","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":252,"en_words":250,"ratio":0.99,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.01,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":8705,"original_word_count":8647,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"not_established","translator":null,"identified_edition":"RSP1984","book_title":"Manifestations of Karma","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA120/English/RSP1984/19100516p01.html","evidence":null,"reason":"source_says_translator_unknown","note":"The source page itself says the translator is unknown. No translator is established for this lecture: nothing at the level of the lecture names one. Do not attribute this English to a translator, and do not borrow a credit from another lecture of the volume. Cite the German for anything load-bearing.","warning":"No translator is recorded for this edition. An unattributed translation cannot be weighed as a witness: you cannot tell which hand made the choices in it. Cite the German for anything load-bearing."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 120/1910-05-16/p036"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"medium","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}