{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 130/1911-09-21/p049","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"[^1]: According to the footnote in the German text of this lecture, Urim = *Glanz* (Radiance *or* Lustre) and Thummim = *Wahrheit* (Truth). Most English books of reference give “lights” and “perfections” as the interpretations, while acknowledging uncertainty. The Septuagint translates them as “manifestation” and “truth”. There is no unanimity as to whether the objects in question can be reliably identified, but the biblical references suggest that they were precious stones. Some scholars suppose that they were the twelve stones of the breastplate of the High Priest. What seems to be certain is that on these objects were engraved the names of the twelve tribes and that the High Priest used them as an oracle in order to ascertain the will of God. (See among other biblical references: Exodus 28, 9-30; Leviticus 8, 8.) Robertson Smith wrote in *The Old Testament in the Jewish Church:* “In ancient times the priestly oracle of Urim and Thummim was a sacred lot; for in I Sam. xiv:41 the true text, as we can still restore it from the LXX., makes Saul pray, If the iniquity be in me or Jonathan, give Urim; but if in Israel, give Thummim. This sacred lot was connected with the ephod, which in the time of the Judges was something very like an idol.” See in the Moffatt translation of the Bible I Sam. xiv. 18-43.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Buddha and Christ: The Sphere of the Bodhisattvas","site_heading":null,"date":"1911-09-21","location":null,"word_count":228,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/130/1911-09-21/p049","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"D. S. Osmond","identified_edition":"Singles","book_title":"Buddha and Christ: The Sphere of the Bodhisattvas","publisher":null,"publisher_inferred":false,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA130/English/Singles/19110921p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line"},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/130/1911-09-21/p049"}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"authorship":{"kind":"editorial","is_steiner":false,"speaker":"the editor","note":"This passage is an editor's footnote or endnote ([^n]: marker), NOT lecture text. Any Steiner words inside it are the editor's report of a variant or shorthand and must not be quoted as the lecture."},"attribution_warning":"This passage is an editor's footnote or endnote ([^n]: marker), NOT lecture text. Any Steiner words inside it are the editor's report of a variant or shorthand and must not be quoted as the lecture.","paired_german":{"status":"no_paragraph_pairing","note":"No paragraph pairing exists for this paragraph, so no German text is given. The German paragraph of the same number is a different passage or an unestablished one. Read the German unit (german_unit.fetch_unit) and find the place by its content.","german_unit":{"lang":"de","edition":"original","unit_locus":"GA 130/1911-09-21","paragraph_count":46,"fetch_unit":{"ga":"130","lecture":"1911-09-21","lang":"de","edition":"original"},"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/130/1911-09-21","json_url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/ga/130/1911-09-21?lang=de"},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"nearest_pairs":{"before":{"de":[45],"en":[46]}}},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.04,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":4977,"original_word_count":4793,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"D. S. Osmond","identified_edition":"Singles","book_title":"Buddha and Christ: The Sphere of the Bodhisattvas","publisher":null,"publisher_inferred":false,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA130/English/Singles/19110921p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line"},"entity_parity":{"status":"not_checkable","note":"No verified paragraph alignment covers this passage, so its names cannot be compared with the German."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}