{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20/p039","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Let us suppose that we have here a mountain or hill, and beside it, a steep slope. On the slope there is a spring and the flow from it leaps sheer down, a real waterfall. Higher up on the same slope is another spring; the water from it would like to leap down in the same way, but it does not. It cannot behave as a waterfall, but runs down nicely as a stream or beck. Is the water itself endowed with different forces in these two cases? Quite clearly not. For the second stream would behave just as the first stream does if it were not obstructed by the shape of the mountain. If the obstructive force of the mountain were not present, the second stream would go leaping down. Thus we have to reckon with two forces: the obstructive force of the mountain and the earth's gravitational pull, which turns the first stream into a waterfall. The gravitational force acts also on the second stream—one can see how it brings the stream flowing down. But a skeptic could say that in the case of the second stream this is not at all obvious, whereas in the first stream every particle of water goes hurtling down. In the case of the second stream we must reckon in at every point the obstructing force of the mountain, which acts in opposition to the earth's gravitational pull.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture I","site_heading":"Thought as Gateway to Cosmic Understanding","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1914-01-20","location":null,"word_count":236,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/151/1914-01-20/p039","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Charles Davy","identified_edition":"RSP1961","book_title":"Human and Cosmic Thought (1961)","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/19140120p01.html","evidence":"edition_cover_credit","note":"The lecture's own page names no translator; the cover of the book it was taken from (https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/HuCoTh_index.html) lists it and names the translator. Where the cover names several, it does not say which lecture each translated.","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/151/1914-01-20/p039"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/151/1914-01-20/p039","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"other_renderings":{"loci":[{"locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20_02","ga":"151","lecture":"1914-01-20_02","kind":"renderings","relation":"another translation or transcription of the same lecture"}],"note":"The same lecture is also served at the loci listed, each with how it relates to this one. They are ONE witness, not independent attestations: quote the rendering you fetched, and do not cite another as corroborating it. Wording differs between translations, so a quotation found in one need not occur in the other."},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1914-01-20","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20/p037","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/151/1914-01-20/p037"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","reader"],"reader_german":["GA 151/1914-01-20/p037"],"length_check":{"de_words":241,"en_words":236,"ratio":0.98,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20/p037","passage_number":37,"text":"Nehmen wit einmal an, hier wäre ein Berg oder ein Hügel (siehe Zeichnung) und hier sei ein schroffer Abhang (Zeichnung, links). An diesem schroffen Abhange entspringe eine Quelle; die Quelle stürzt senkrecht wie ein richtiger Wasserfall den Abhang hinunter. Unter den ganz gleichen Verhältnissen wie da sei auf der andern Seite auch eine Quelle. Die will ganz dasselbe wie die erstere; aber sie tut es nicht. Sie kann nämlich nicht als Wasserfall hinunterstürzen, sondern rinnt ganz hübsch in Form eines Baches oder Flusses hinunter. - Hat das Wasser andere Kräfte bei der zweiten Quelle als bei der ersten? Ganz offenbar nicht. Denn die zweite Quelle würde ganz dasselbe tun wie die erste, wenn der Berg sie nicht hinderte und nicht seine Kräfte hinaufschicken würde. Sind die Kräfte, die der Berg hinaufschickt, die Haltekräfte, nicht vorhanden, so wird sie wie die erste Quelle hinunterstürzen. Es kommen also zwei Kräfte in Betracht: die Haltekraft des Berges und die Schwerkraft der Erde, vermöge der die eine Quelle hinunterstürzt. Die ist aber bei der anderen Quelle genau ebenso vorhanden, denn man kann sagen: Sie ist da, ich sehe, wie sie die Quelle herunterzieht. Wenn nun jemand ein Skeptiker wäre, so könnte er dies bei der zweiten Quelle leugnen und sagen: Da sieht man zunächst nichts, während bei der ersten Quelle jedes Wasserstäubchen heruntergezogen wird. Man muß also bei der zweiten Quelle in jedem Punkte hinzufügen die Kraft, welche der Schwerkraft entgegenwirkt, die Haltekraft des Berges.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":241,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/151/1914-01-20/p037"}],"english":["GA 151/1914-01-20/p039"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":241,"en_words":236,"ratio":0.98,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","reader"],"reader_german":["GA 151/1914-01-20/p037"]},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":0.97,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":5201,"original_word_count":5374,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Charles Davy","identified_edition":"RSP1961","book_title":"Human and Cosmic Thought (1961)","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/19140120p01.html","evidence":"edition_cover_credit","note":"The lecture's own page names no translator; the cover of the book it was taken from (https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/HuCoTh_index.html) lists it and names the translator. Where the cover names several, it does not say which lecture each translated.","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 151/1914-01-20/p037"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}