{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20/p041","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Obviously anyone who spoke of a “pushing down” of this kind would be very silly. But suppose it is a question not of a beck or stream but of the history of mankind, and suppose someone like the person I have just described were to say: “The only thing I believe of what you tell me is this: we are now living in the twentieth century, and during it certain events have taken place. They were brought about by similar ones during the last third of the nineteenth century; these again were caused by events in the second third of the nineteenth century, and these again by those in the first third.” That is what is called “pragmatic history”, in which one always speaks of “causes and effects”, so that subsequent events are always explained by means of preceding ones. Just as someone might deny the force of gravity and say that the masses of water are continually pushing one another forward, so it is when someone is pursuing pragmatic history and explains the condition of the nineteenth century as a result of the French Revolution.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture I","site_heading":"Thought as Gateway to Cosmic Understanding","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1914-01-20","location":null,"word_count":186,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/151/1914-01-20/p041","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Charles Davy","identified_edition":"RSP1961","book_title":"Human and Cosmic Thought (1961)","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/19140120p01.html","evidence":"edition_cover_credit","note":"The lecture's own page names no translator; the cover of the book it was taken from (https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/HuCoTh_index.html) lists it and names the translator. Where the cover names several, it does not say which lecture each translated.","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/151/1914-01-20/p041"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/151/1914-01-20/p041","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"other_renderings":{"loci":[{"locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20_02","ga":"151","lecture":"1914-01-20_02","kind":"renderings","relation":"another translation or transcription of the same lecture"}],"note":"The same lecture is also served at the loci listed, each with how it relates to this one. They are ONE witness, not independent attestations: quote the rendering you fetched, and do not cite another as corroborating it. Wording differs between translations, so a quotation found in one need not occur in the other."},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1914-01-20","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20/p039","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/151/1914-01-20/p039"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":322,"en_words":375,"ratio":1.16,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20/p039","passage_number":39,"text":"Nicht wahr, es wäre ein Mensch recht albern, der von einer solchen Schieberei sprechen würde. Aber nehmen wir an, es handle sich nicht um einen Bach oder einen Strom, sondern um die Geschichte der Menschheit, und es würde ein solcher zuletzt Charakterisierter sagen: Das einzige, was ich dir glaube, ist dies: Jetzt leben wir im 20. Jahrhundert, da haben sich gewisse Ereignisse abgespielt; die sind bewirkt von solchen im letzten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts; diese letzteren sind wieder verursacht von denen im zweiten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts und diese wieder von denen aus dem ersten Drittel. - Das nennt man pragmatische Geschichtsauffassung, wo man in dem Sinne von Ursachen und Wirkungen spricht, daß man immer aus den betreffenden vorhergehenden Ereignissen die folgenden erklärt. So wie jemand die Schwerkraft leugnen und sagen kann, da schiebe bei den Wasserpartien immer jemand nach, so ist es auch, wenn jemand pragmatische Geschichte treibt und den Zustand im 19. Jahrhundert als eine Folge der Französischen Revolution erklärt. Wir freilich sagen: Nein, es sind noch andere Kräfte da außer denen, die da hinten schieben, die überhaupt gar nicht einmal im richtigen Sinne vorhanden sind. Denn geradesowenig wie jene Kräfte beim Bergstrome dahinten schieben, sowenig schieben die dahinterstehenden Ereignisse in der Geschichte der Menschheit; sondern es kommen immer neue Einflüsse aus der geistigen Welt, wie bei der Quelle die Schwerkraft immerfort wirkt; und mit anderen Kräften kreuzen sie sich, wie sich die Schwerkraft bei dem Strom kreuzt mit der Haltekraft des Berges. Wäre nur die eine Kraft vorhanden, dann würdest du sehen, daß die Geschichte ganz anders verläuft. Aber du siehst nicht die einzelnen Kräfte darin. Du siehst nicht das, was physische Weltentwickelung ist, was beschrieben wurde als Folge der Saturn-, Sonnen-, Mond- und Erdenentwickelung; und du siehst nicht das, was fortwährend mit den Menschenseelen vorgeht, welche die geistige Welt durchleben und wieder herunterkommen, was aus den geistigen Welten immer wieder in diese Entwickelung hereinkommt. Das leugnest du einfach.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":322,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/151/1914-01-20/p039"}],"english":["GA 151/1914-01-20/p041","GA 151/1914-01-20/p042"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":322,"en_words":375,"ratio":1.16,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":0.97,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":5201,"original_word_count":5374,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Charles Davy","identified_edition":"RSP1961","book_title":"Human and Cosmic Thought (1961)","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/19140120p01.html","evidence":"edition_cover_credit","note":"The lecture's own page names no translator; the cover of the book it was taken from (https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/HuCoTh_index.html) lists it and names the translator. Where the cover names several, it does not say which lecture each translated.","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 151/1914-01-20/p039"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}