{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20/p044","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"We can certainly see from this that Spiritual Science, which has to develop sound principles for the understanding of life, has work to do in the most varied domains of life; and that it is first of all necessary to learn how to think, and to get to know the inner laws and impulses of thought. Otherwise all sorts of grotesque things can befall one. Thus for example a certain man to-day is stumbling and bumbling over the problem of “thought and language”. He is the celebrated language-critic Fritz Mauthner, who has also written lately a large philosophical dictionary. His bulky *Critique of Language* is already in its third edition, so for our contemporaries it is a celebrated work. There are plenty of ingenious things in this book, and plenty of dreadful ones. Thus one can find here a curious example of faulty thinking—and one runs up against such blunders in almost every five lines—which leads the worthy Mauthner to throw doubt on the need for logic. “Thinking”, for him, is merely speaking; hence there is no sense in studying logic; grammar is all one needs. He says also that since there is, rightly speaking, no logic, logicians are fools. And then he says: In ordinary life, opinions are the result of inferences, and ideas come from opinions. That is how people go on! Why should there be any need for logic when we are told that opinions arise from inferences, and ideas from opinions? It is just as clever as if someone were to say: “Why do you need botany? Last year and two years ago the plants were growing.” But such is the logic one finds in a man who prohibits logic. One can quite understand that he does prohibit it. There are many more remarkable things in this strange book—a book that, in regard to the relation between thought and language, leads not to lucidity but to confusion.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture I","site_heading":"Thought as Gateway to Cosmic Understanding","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1914-01-20","location":null,"word_count":321,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/151/1914-01-20/p044","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Charles Davy","identified_edition":"RSP1961","book_title":"Human and Cosmic Thought (1961)","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/19140120p01.html","evidence":"edition_cover_credit","note":"The lecture's own page names no translator; the cover of the book it was taken from (https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/HuCoTh_index.html) lists it and names the translator. Where the cover names several, it does not say which lecture each translated.","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/151/1914-01-20/p044","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"other_renderings":{"loci":[{"locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20_02","ga":"151","lecture":"1914-01-20_02","kind":"renderings","relation":"another translation or transcription of the same lecture"}],"note":"The same lecture is also served at the loci listed, each with how it relates to this one. They are ONE witness, not independent attestations: quote the rendering you fetched, and do not cite another as corroborating it. Wording differs between translations, so a quotation found in one need not occur in the other."},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1914-01-20","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20/p041","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/151/1914-01-20/p041"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":328,"en_words":321,"ratio":0.98,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 151/1914-01-20/p041","passage_number":41,"text":"Wir sehen daraus, daß allerdings die Geisteswissenschaft, welche für die Auffassung des Lebens gesunde Prinzipien zu gewinnen hat, auf den mannigfaltigen Gebieten des Lebens etwas zu tun hat; daß tatsächlich eine gewisse Notwendigkeit besteht, das Denken erst zu lernen, sich erst bekanntzumachen mit den inneren Gesetzen und Impulsen des Denkens. Sonst kann einem nämlich allerlei Groteskes passieren. So zum Beispiel holpert, stolpert, humpelt einer gerade an dem Problem Denken und Sprache heute daher. Das ist der berühmte Sprachkritiker Fritz Mauthner, der jetzt auch ein großes philosophisches Wörterbuch geschrieben hat. Die dicke Mauthnersche «Kritik der Sprache» hat jetzt schon die zweite Auflage erlebt; es ist also ein berühmtes Buch für unsere Zeitgenossen geworden. Viel Geistreiches ist in diesem Buche enthalten, aber auch schreckliche Dinge. So zum Beispiel kann man darin den kuriosen Denkfehler finden - und man stolpert fast nach jeder fünften Zeile über einen solchen Denkfehler -, daß der gute Mauthner die Nützlichkeit der Logik anzweifelt. Denn für ihn ist Denken überhaupt nur Sprechen, und dann hat es keinen Sinn, Logik zu treiben, dann treibt man nur Grammatik. Aber außerdem sagt er: Da es also eine Logik mit Recht gar nicht geben kann, so sind also die Logiker alle Toren gewesen. Schön. Und dann sagt er: Im gewöhnlichen Leben entstehen ja aus Schlüssen Urteile und aus Urteilen erst Vorstellungen. So machen es die Menschen. Wozu braucht man dann erst eine Logik, wenn die Menschen es so machen, daß sie aus Schlüssen Urteile, aus Urteilen Vorstellungen entstehen lassen? Wozu brauchen wir da eine Logik? - Es ist das ebenso geistreich, als wenn jemand sagte: Wozu braucht man eine Botanik? Im vorigen Jahr und vor zwei Jahren sind noch immer die Pflanzen gewachsen! — Aber solche Logik findet man bei dem, der die Logik verpönt. Es ist ja begreiflich, daß er sie verpönt. Man findet noch viel merkwürdigere Dinge in diesem sonderbaren Buche, das mit Bezug auf das Verhältnis zwischen Denken und Sprechen nicht zur Klarheit, sondern zur Konfusion kommt.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":328,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/151/1914-01-20/p041"}],"english":["GA 151/1914-01-20/p044"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":328,"en_words":321,"ratio":0.98,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":0.97,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":5201,"original_word_count":5374,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Charles Davy","identified_edition":"RSP1961","book_title":"Human and Cosmic Thought (1961)","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/19140120p01.html","evidence":"edition_cover_credit","note":"The lecture's own page names no translator; the cover of the book it was taken from (https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA151/English/RSP1961/HuCoTh_index.html) lists it and names the translator. Where the cover names several, it does not say which lecture each translated.","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 151/1914-01-20/p041"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}