{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 155/1912-05-28/p023","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"If we examine real valour in its fundamental quality, we find that it consists of an inner fullness of life which is practically inexhaustible, and this fullness of life was the most salient characteristic among the ancient peoples of Europe. Ancient Europeans possessed within them more valour than they could use for themselves. Quite instinctively, they followed the impulse to spend that of which they had a superabundance. One might even say that they were wasteful in pouring out their moral wealth, their fitness, and ability into the physical world. It was really as if among the ancient people of Northern Europe each one had brought with him a superfluity of force which was more than he needed for his own personal use; this he was therefore able to pour forth in an excess of prodigality and to use it for his warlike deeds. Modern ideas now consider these self-same warlike deeds, which were the outcome of ancient virtue, to be a relic of the past, and in fact they are classed as vices; but the man of ancient Europe used them in a chivalrous, magnanimous manner. Generous actions were characteristic of the peoples of ancient Europe, just as actions springing from devotion were characteristic of the people of ancient India.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture I","site_heading":"Moral Impulses and Spiritual Sources of Ethics","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1912-05-28","location":null,"word_count":211,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/155/1912-05-28/p023","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Henry Collison","identified_edition":"APC1928","book_title":"Anthroposophical Ethics","publisher":"Anthroposophical Publishing Co.","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA155/English/APC1928/19120528p02.html","evidence":"lecture_list_row","note":"rsarchive's lecture list spells the credit 'Harry Collison'; the lecture pages of this edition print 'Henry Collison', which is served.","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/155/1912-05-28/p023"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/155/1912-05-28/p023","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"other_renderings":{"loci":[{"locus":"GA 155/1912-05-28_02","ga":"155","lecture":"1912-05-28_02","kind":"renderings","relation":"another translation or transcription of the same lecture"}],"note":"The same lecture is also served at the loci listed, each with how it relates to this one. They are ONE witness, not independent attestations: quote the rendering you fetched, and do not cite another as corroborating it. Wording differs between translations, so a quotation found in one need not occur in the other."},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1912-05-28","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 155/1912-05-28/p021","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/155/1912-05-28/p021"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":235,"en_words":211,"ratio":0.9,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 155/1912-05-28/p021","passage_number":21,"text":"Betrachten wir den eigentlichen Starkmut, die eigentliche Tapferkeit nach einigen ihrer Grundeigenschaften, so finden wir, daß sie besteht aus einer inneren Lebensfülle, die ausgeben kann. Das ist es, was uns in alten Zeiten, gerade bei den europäischen Völkern am meisten auffällt. Solch ein Mensch, wie er der alten europäischen Bevölkerung angehört, hat in sich mehr, als er für seinen persönlichen Gebrauch bedarf. Aber er gibt aus das Mehr, weil er den Impuls dazu hat, das auszugeben. Er folgt ganz instinktiv dem Impulse, das, was er zuviel hat, auszugeben. Man möchte sagen: Mit nichts mehr war der alte europäische Norden verschwenderischer als mit seinem moralischen Überfluß, mit seiner Tüchtigkeit, seiner Tauglichkeit, Lebensimpulse in den physischen Plan hinausströmen zu lassen. Es war wirklich so, wie wenn die Menschen der europäischen Urzeit, jeder einzelne, mitbekommen hätte eine ganz bestimmte Fülle von Kraft, die mehr bedeutete, als der Mensch für seinen persönlichen Gebrauch bedurfte, von der er ausströmen hat können, mit der er verschwenderisch hat sein können, die er hat verwenden können zu seinen kriegerischen Taten, zu den Taten jener uralten Tugend, welcher die neuere Zeit unter den Untugenden zu nennenden menschlichen Eigenschaften einen Platz gegeben hat; die er verwendet hat zum Beispiel zu dem, was man bezeichnet hat als Großmut. Handeln aus Großmut, das ist wieder etwas, was so charakteristisch ist für die uralte europäische Bevölkerung, wie charakteristisch ist das Handeln aus Andacht für die uralt indische Bevölkerung.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":235,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/155/1912-05-28/p021"}],"english":["GA 155/1912-05-28/p023"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":235,"en_words":211,"ratio":0.9,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":0.93,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":6345,"original_word_count":6820,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Henry Collison","identified_edition":"APC1928","book_title":"Anthroposophical Ethics","publisher":"Anthroposophical Publishing Co.","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA155/English/APC1928/19120528p02.html","evidence":"lecture_list_row","note":"rsarchive's lecture list spells the credit 'Harry Collison'; the lecture pages of this edition print 'Henry Collison', which is served.","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 155/1912-05-28/p021"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. 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