{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 166/1916-02-08/p029","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"> From the countless material stimuli of the outer world we isolated stimuli of the cortex which correspond in the psychological realm to sensations. We then followed these sensations to the brain cortex along the associative fibers into the motor zone from where the material stimulus was led once again towards the muscular system at the periphery where it caused muscular contraction. This transcortical process corresponded on a soul level to the association of ideas, and the resultant movement we designate psychologically as action. We were able to derive the latter sufficiently satisfactorily from the sensation and from the memory pictures of previous sensations, mental images functioning according to the laws of the association of ideas, to be able to pursue the psychic process to its final stage. At this point, however, we encounter a hypothesis that used to be almost universally taught by psychology and which the ordinary human understanding has always arrived at apparently unconsciously. I refer to the assumption of a distinct will as the cause of our actions.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture V","site_heading":"The I, Will, and Human Evolution's Spiritual Crisis","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1916-02-08","location":null,"word_count":172,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/166/1916-02-08/p029","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Pauline Wehrle","identified_edition":"AP1988","book_title":"Necessity and Freedom","publisher":"Anthroposophic Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA166/English/AP1988/19160208p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/166/1916-02-08/p029"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/166/1916-02-08/p029","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1916-02-08","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 166/1916-02-08/p023","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/166/1916-02-08/p023"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":289,"en_words":322,"ratio":1.11,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 166/1916-02-08/p023","passage_number":23,"text":"Was ich Ihnen erzähle, ist nicht etwa von mir jetzt nur vorgetragen. Es ist eine Denknotwendigkeit der heutigen naturwissenschaftlichen Anschauung. Sie sehen, daß ein Naturforscher, wenn er etwa die letzte Konsequenz seiner Denkweise zieht, auf das kommt, was ich Ihnen erzähle. Das ist von mir nicht nur erfunden. Ich habe hier zum Beispiel einen «Leitfaden der Physiologischen Psychologie in fünfzehn Vorlesungen» mitgebracht, die der sehr bekannte Professor Dr. Ziehen in Jena verfaßt hat. Er versucht, dasjenige darzustellen, was seelisch-leiblich an dem Menschen zur Erscheinung kommt. In den einzelnen Vorlesungen geht er nun alles durch, indem er über die Empfindung, den Reiz, Geruchs-, Geschmacks-, Gehörs-, Gesichtsempfindungen und so weiter spricht. Ich will Sie mit alledem nicht belästigen, sondern will nur ein paar Stellen besprechen, welche in der fünfzehnten Vorlesung über den «Willen» vorhanden sind. Da finden Sie zum Beispiel Sätze wie die folgenden: «Wir haben aus den zahllosen materiellen Reizen der Außenwelt Rindenerregungen abgeleitet, welchen auf psychischem Gebiet die Empfindungen entsprachen. Wir verfolgten die Rindenerregung alsdann in der Hirnrinde auf den Assoziationsfasern bis in die motorische Zone: von hier wurde die materielle Erregung wieder peripheriewärts der Muskulatur zugeleitet und löste Muskelkontraktionen aus. Psychisch entsprach dem transcorticalen Prozeß das Spiel der Ideenassoziation, und die resultierende Bewegung bezeichneten wir psychologisch als Handlung. Wir vermochten die letztere aus der Empfindung und aus den Erinnerungsbildern früherer Empfindungen, den Vorstellungen, nach den Gesetzen der Ideenassoziation in völlig genügender Weise abzuleiten und hatten damit den psychischen Prozeß bis zu seinem Schlußgliede verfolgt. An dieser Stelle stoßen wir jedoch» sagt Ziehen weiter - «auf eine Hypothese, welche die Psychologie früher fast ausnahmslos gelehrt hat, und zu welcher zu allen Zeiten der gemeine Menschenverstand scheinbar unbewußt gelangt: ich meine die Annahme eines besonderen Willens als Ursache unserer Handlungen.»","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":289,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/166/1916-02-08/p023"}],"english":["GA 166/1916-02-08/p028","GA 166/1916-02-08/p029"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":289,"en_words":322,"ratio":1.11,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":0.98,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":9740,"original_word_count":9892,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Pauline Wehrle","identified_edition":"AP1988","book_title":"Necessity and Freedom","publisher":"Anthroposophic Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA166/English/AP1988/19160208p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 166/1916-02-08/p023"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. 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