{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 175/1917-03-27/p009","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Now first of all I should like to cite an example (which I also referred to some years ago), in order to show you that the facts of external history are often falsely interpreted, especially in relation to the recent investigations into the life of Jesus. I refer to the generally accepted view that the Gospels are of late provenance.[^2] Now many objections can be raised against this view on purely historical grounds. It can be shown, for example, that in the year A.D. 70 Rabbi Gamaliel II was involved in a lawsuit with his sister over an inheritance. Rabbi Gamaliel II was the son of Rabbi Simeon who was the son of that Gamaliel of whom Paul was a pupil. The case came before a judge and it was difficult to determine whether the judge was a Roman with leanings towards Christianity, or perhaps a Jew with leanings towards Christianity. Now Gamaliel pleaded that he was the sole heir because, according to the Mosaic law, daughters could not inherit. The judge demurred: “Since you Jews have lost your country the Thora is no longer valid; only the Gospel is valid, and according to the Gospel a sister can also inherit.” There was no straightforward solution. What happened? Gamaliel II was not only covetous, but also cunning. He requested an adjournment of the proceedings. This was granted and in the interval he bribed the judge. At the second trial he appeared before the same judge who reversed the verdict. The judge confessed that at the first trial he had erred, that the Gospel could indeed apply to such cases, but did not annul the Mosaic law. And to confirm this he quoted Matthew V, 17, in the version which we have today, but with the textual variations arising from the Greek text and the Aramaic text of the Gospel which existed at the time when this judgement was pronounced in the year A.D. 70. In his ruling the judge quoted the Matthew Gospel, whilst the Talmud which recounts the story takes the Matthew Gospel for granted.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture I","site_heading":"Reality-Based Thinking and the Spirit's Suppression","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1917-03-27","location":null,"word_count":346,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/175/1917-03-27/p009","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"A. H. Parker","identified_edition":"RSP1972","book_title":"Building Stones for an Understanding of the Mystery of Golgotha","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA175/English/RSP1972/19170327p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/175/1917-03-27/p009"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/175/1917-03-27/p009","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1917-03-27","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 175/1917-03-27/p008","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/175/1917-03-27/p008"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":398,"en_words":346,"ratio":0.87,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 175/1917-03-27/p008","passage_number":8,"text":"Nun möchte ich zunächst nur einiges anführen, was ich in früheren Jahren auch schon angeführt habe, einiges, was Ihnen zeigen kann, daß man manches auch rein äußerlich Historische doch falsch sieht, namentlich da, wo man von der Leben-Jesu-Forschung spricht in der allerletzten Zeit. Ich will sagen, man spricht davon, daß die Evangelien spät entstanden sind. Ja, sehen Sie, dem kann auch manches rein Historische entgegengehalten werden. Dem kann zum Beispiel entgegengehalten werden, daß der Rabbi Gamaliel II. im Jahre 70 des ersten Jahrhunderts unserer Zeitrechnung einen Prozeß hatte. Bei diesem Prozeß handelte es sich um folgendes. Der Rabbi Gamaliel II. war der Sohn des Rabbi Simeon, welcher der Sohn war des Gamaliel, desjenigen Gamaliel, dessen Schüler Paulus war; und jener Gamaliel II. hatte eine Schwester, und mit dieser Schwester kam er in einen Erbschaftsprozeß. Sie wurden vor den Richter geführt, und der Richter war ein dem Christentum geneigter Römer, vielleicht auch ein dem Christentum geneigter Jude, das ist schwer festzustellen. Nun machte Gamaliel geltend, daß er alleiniger Erbe sei, weil nach dem mosaischen Gesetze Töchter nicht erben können. Da wandte der Richter ein: Seit ihr Juden euer Land verloren habt, gilt nicht mehr die Thora Mosis, sondern es gilt das Evangelium und nach dem Evangelium muß auch die Schwester erben. — Da war zunächst nichts zu machen auf geradem Wege. Doch was geschah? Gamaliel II., der nicht nur erbschaftssüchtig, sondern auch schlau war -— man würde heute sagen: er stellte den Antrag auf Vertagung des Prozesses. Und das kam auch zustande. Der Prozeß wurde zunächst vertagt, und Gamaliel II. bestach in der Zwischenzeit den Richter. Bei der zweiten Verhandlung stand er also vor dem bestochenen Richter, und der entschied nun anders und sagte: Ja, er habe sich beim ersten Prozeß geirrt. Es sei zwar das Evangelium auf solche Prozesse anzuwenden, aber im Evangelium stünde, daß nicht aufgehoben werden solle durch das Evangelium die Thora Mosis. Und dabei wird zur Bekräftigung zitiert der Vers, der heute bei Matthäus 5., Vers 17 steht vom Nichtaufheben des Gesetzes in der Fassung, die er auch heute hat, selbstverständlich mit den Abweichungen, die sich ergeben aus der griechischen Sprache und derjenigen Sprache, in der damals das Evangelium vorhanden war, als im Jahre 70 dieser Richterspruch gefällt wurde. Aber bei diesem Richterspruch wird einfach von dem Matthäus-Evangelium gesprochen, und der Talmud, der diese Dinge mitteilt, redet wie von etwas ganz Selbstverständlichem von diesem Matthäus-Evangelium.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":398,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/175/1917-03-27/p008"}],"english":["GA 175/1917-03-27/p009"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":398,"en_words":346,"ratio":0.87,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":0.97,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":6812,"original_word_count":7035,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"A. H. Parker","identified_edition":"RSP1972","book_title":"Building Stones for an Understanding of the Mystery of Golgotha","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA175/English/RSP1972/19170327p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"discrepancy","checked_against":["GA 175/1917-03-27/p008"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":["Christ","Jesus"],"bead_confidence":"high","bead_length_ratio":0.87,"likely_cause":"unresolved","note":"NAME MISMATCH between this English passage and its German counterpart. A name the German carries is absent here (or a name appears here that the German does not carry). Two things cause this and they need telling apart: the translation really drops or reassigns what the original distinguishes, OR the paragraph alignment paired the wrong passages. `bead_confidence` does NOT settle which: this corpus's embedding aligner pairs topically-related paragraphs at full confidence, and a sampled high-confidence mismatch proved to be a wrong pairing. Read the German passages listed and confirm they are counterparts BEFORE drawing any conclusion about the translation."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}