{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 176/1917-07-03/p008","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Many of the expressions used by Aristotle are no longer understood. However, they are reminders that there was a time when the individual members of man's soul being were known; not until Aristotle did they become abstractions. Franz Brentano made great efforts to understand these members of man's soul precisely through that thinker of antiquity, Aristotle. It must be said, however, that it was just through Aristotle that their meaning began to fade from mankind's historical evolution. Aristotle distinguishes in man the vegetative soul, by which he means approximately what we call ether body, then the aesthetikon or sensitive soul, which we call the sentient or astral body. Next, he speaks of orektikon which corresponds to the sentient soul, then comes kinetikon corresponding to the intellectual soul, and he uses the term dianoetikon for the consciousness soul. Aristotle was fully aware of the meaning of these concepts, but he lacked direct perception of the reality. This caused a certain unclarity and abstraction in his works, and that applies also to the book I mentioned by Franz Brentano. Nevertheless, real thinking holds sway in Brentano's book. And when someone devotes himself to the power of thinking the way he did, it is no longer possible to entertain the foolish notion that man's soul and spirit are mere by-products arising from the physical-bodily nature. The concepts formulated by Brentano on the basis of Aristotle's work were too substantial, so to speak, to allow him to succumb to the mischief of modern materialism.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture V","site_heading":"Franz Brentano's Struggle: Truth, Goodness, and Spiritual Science","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1917-07-03","location":null,"word_count":250,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/176/1917-07-03/p008","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Rita Stebbing","identified_edition":"AP1987","book_title":"Aspects of Human Evolution","publisher":"Anthroposophic Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA176/English/AP1987/19170703p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/176/1917-07-03/p008"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/176/1917-07-03/p008","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1917-07-03","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 176/1917-07-03/p007","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/176/1917-07-03/p007"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":265,"en_words":250,"ratio":0.94,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 176/1917-07-03/p007","passage_number":7,"text":"Bei Aristoteles finden sich durchaus Ausdrücke, aus denen er nicht mehr das Rechte machen kann, die aber daran erinnern, daß er sie aus jener Zeit her hat, in der man noch diese einzelnen Glieder der Seele kannte. Es ist bei Aristoteles nur abstrakt geworden. Und Franz Brentano mühte sich ab, Klarheit zu gewinnen über diese Begriffe gerade bei demjenigen Denker der alten Zeit, bei Aristoteles, bei dem, ich möchte sagen, diese Begriffe gerade aus der Entwickelungsgeschichte der Menschheit verschwinden. Aristoteles unterscheidet die vegetative Seele. Damit trifft er ungefähr dasjenige, was wir als den Ätherleib beim Menschen bezeichnen. Er unterscheidet dann die sensitive Seele, das aesthetikon, was wir als Empfindungsleib bezeichnen. Dann hat er den entsprechenden Begriff für das, was wir als Empfindungsseele bezeichnen, orektikon. Dann hat er einen entsprechenden Begriff für dasjenige, was wir als Verstandes- oder Gemütsseele bezeichnen: kinetikon, und auch für dasjenige, was wir als die Bewußtseinsseele bezeichnen: dianoetikon. Diese Begriffe sind bei Aristoteles vorhanden, es fehlt ihm nur der genaue Ausblick auf die Wirklichkeiten. Das bewirkt etwas Unklares, etwas, ich möchte sagen, Abstraktes zugleich bei Aristoteles. Das alles haftet auch dem genannten Buche des Franz Brentano an, aber es ist eben doch ein Buch, in dem noch wirkliches Denken herrscht, solches Denken, daß derjenige, der sich einmal solchem Denken hingegeben hat, wie Brentano, nicht mehr zu der törichten Anschauung kommen konnte, daß das Seelisch-Geistige etwa nur eine Funktion, ein Entwickelungsprodukt des Physisch-Leiblichen sei. Es war, ich möchte sagen, zu viel in den Begriffen, die Franz Brentano an der Hand des Aristoteles geprägt hat, um in die Unart des neueren Materialismus zu verfallen.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":265,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/176/1917-07-03/p007"}],"english":["GA 176/1917-07-03/p008"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":265,"en_words":250,"ratio":0.94,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":0.97,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":8951,"original_word_count":9212,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Rita Stebbing","identified_edition":"AP1987","book_title":"Aspects of Human Evolution","publisher":"Anthroposophic Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA176/English/AP1987/19170703p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 176/1917-07-03/p007"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}