{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p019-p023","extent":"range","passage_number":19,"through":23,"paragraph_count":5,"first_locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p019","last_locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p023","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"title":"VI. Problems of the Time I","date":"1918-07-30","location":null,"alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"not_established","translator":null,"identified_edition":"UNK1954","book_title":"A Sound Outlook for Today and a Genuine Hope for the Future","publisher":null,"publisher_inferred":false,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA181/English/UNK1954/19180730p01.html","evidence":null,"reason":"source_says_translator_unknown","note":"The source page itself says the translator is unknown. 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They severed man from the cosmos, because their aim is invariably to isolate man in selfishness, to cut him off from the whole spiritual universe, as well as from the knowledge of his connection to the physical one. Hence, when this severance was at its height, there were no natural sciences. This was Lucifer's doing. The activity which separated sense-knowledge from dogma regarding the super-sensible, was therefore a Luciferic one. Over against it stands the Ahrimanic influence; and these two are the great adversaries of the human soul. The fact that the super-sensible forces of humanity have been allowed to atrophy—leading to a purely animal form of Socialism, now due to break over humanity in a devastating and destructive way—is to be traced to Luciferic forces. The *new influence*, developing in our age, is of a different nature, more Ahrimanic. The Luciferic element would isolate man, cut him off from the spiritual-super-sensible, and lead him to experience the illusion of being a totality in himself. On the other hand, the Ahrimanic element inspires man with fear of the spiritual, keeps him away from it, fosters in him the illusion that the spiritual cannot be attained by mankind. The Luciferic keeping away of man from the super-sensible might be described as of a more educational, cultured kind, whereas the Ahrimanic, founded on fear of the spiritual, is more ‘natural,’ arising in the age which began with 15th century. And as the Luciferic severance from the spiritual came especially to expression under the cover of Orthodox Christianity of the East, so the Ahrimanic fear, the holding back from the spiritual, makes itself felt especially in the culture of the West, and particularly in the element of American civilization.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":301,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/181/1918-07-30/p019","german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1918-07-30","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p017","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/181/1918-07-30/p017"}],"bead_confidence":"high","length_check":{"de_words":296,"en_words":301,"ratio":1.02,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. 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These various currents, springing from their several assumptions, spread out locally, and so everything is confused in the hodgepodge called “modern civilization”. What I am now speaking of as “Americanism” (as collective concept, *not* applying to individual Americans), is fear of the spiritual, the longing to live only on the physical plane, or at most in what improves into that plane as coarse Spiritualism and such-like, which is not in the real sense, spiritual at all. The mark of Americanism is fear of the spiritual; it is by no means confined to America, but there it lives as a social characteristic, not simply a human one. Above all it is predominant in all science. Science has increasingly been founded on “fear of the spiritual”. Nothing in science is called “objective” unless it excludes as far as possible living conceptions engendered in the inwardness of the soul. No idea, no conception, engendered in the inwardness of the soul, is permitted to intrude into the observation of nature. This is allowed to embrace only what is *dead*, not the *living* that is spirit-inwoven. If, in the manner of Hegel, Shelling or Goethe—those genuine representatives of Mid-European thought—anyone introduces the “concept” into observation of nature, he is at once thought to be on the road to uncertainty, for no objective reality is ever expected to be attained through spiritual comprehension or experience. It is assumed that this means bringing in personal bias; that an experiment ceases to be objective directly anytime anything subjective enters into it. That is Ahrimanic. Science is universally “American” in so far as it clings to the fundamental axiom, “Everything subjective must be banished from an observation of Nature” . This is the fundamental result of the earlier severance from the spiritual in the fourth post-Atlantean period.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":365,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/181/1918-07-30/p020","german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1918-07-30","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p018","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/181/1918-07-30/p018"}],"bead_confidence":"high","length_check":{"de_words":412,"en_words":365,"ratio":0.89,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. 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It is essentially of an Ahrimanic nature; it is fear of the spiritual, and it brings havoc and disintegration into human civilization.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":55,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/181/1918-07-30/p021","german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1918-07-30","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p019","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/181/1918-07-30/p019"}],"bead_confidence":"high","length_check":{"de_words":65,"en_words":55,"ratio":0.85,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. 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Certain people decided that a barrier had to be put up against it, partly because they understood very well what was left of the old inheritance, and partly because they had a very pertinent grasp of the newly approaching Ahrimanic element. This was the genesis of that spiritual current—a much more influential one than most people think, as I mentioned from a different point of view in my last lecture—which tries to perpetuate this keeping of the human soul at a distance from the super-sensible: in other words Jesuitism. Its inner principle is to do everything possible in human evolution to keep man at a distance from any real, conscious connection with the super-sensible. Naturally, this was facilitated by presenting the super-sensible dogmatically as a realm into which human knowledge could not penetrate. But the Jesuit movement knows very well how to reckon with the other side; it wants no such inner relation between modern science and Americanism. In that respect Jesuitism is great: it recognizes the importance of physical science and makes a deep study of it. Jesuits are great spirits in the round of physical, material science, for Jesuitism reckons with the elemental tendency of mankind to fear the spiritual, a fear which must be overcome by leading human nature towards the spiritual world; and accounts on being able to impose this fear on society by saying to people, in so many words: “You cannot and shall not approach the spiritual; we are trustees of the spiritual and we will purvey it to you in the proper way.”","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":393,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/181/1918-07-30/p022","german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1918-07-30","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p020","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/181/1918-07-30/p020"}],"bead_confidence":"high","length_check":{"de_words":397,"en_words":393,"ratio":0.99,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. 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See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}},{"passage_number":23,"locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p023","text":"These two currents of thought, Americanism and Jesuitism, play into one another, as it were. This is not something to take casually; and all such matters we must look for the deeper impulses which are active in human evolution. If we try to identify the forces which have brought about the present catastrophe, we shall find it remarkable cooperation between Americanism—in a sense here given—and Jesuitism. And from a wider point of view we see, on the one hand, how the inheritance from earlier times still influences our mental life, and on the other, the advent of something new. If we specify these two impulses as the Luciferic and Ahrimanic, we describe precisely the opposition towards that which must be introduced into the development of mankind for its salvation as true spiritual life. Anyone who approaches with inner sympathy such a figure as Bernard of Clairvaux, who in a certain sense inclines towards the Luciferic, will take account of the following attitude: “Human knowledge is after all directed only towards the physical-material; therefore we direct the soul to seek the divine-spiritual in the fervor of elemental experience.” This is what kindles enthusiasm in a temperament of that kind. We might say that what lives in human souls as a tendency towards this virtual side, lives on in our own time, but there is also the other tendency—towards the dark and somber side. The 12th century had its Bernard of Clairvaux: ours have such figures as Lenin and Trotsky; as in the former century there was an active inclination towards the super-sensible, so now we find hatred for it, although expressed in different words and substance. That is the dark reverse side of those times: there the pouring of the human soul into the Divine mould, here the pouring of man's being into an animal mould, on which alone the social structure is to be built.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":315,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/181/1918-07-30/p023","german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1918-07-30","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p021","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/181/1918-07-30/p021"}],"bead_confidence":"high","length_check":{"de_words":296,"en_words":315,"ratio":1.06,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. 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Sie lösten den Menschen los von dem Kosmos; denn diese Kräfte sind immer darauf aus, den Menschen egoistisch zu isolieren, ihn loszuschnüren vom ganzen geistigen Kosmos, auch in seinem Wissen vom Zusammenhang mit dem physischen Kosmos. Daher gab es keine Naturwissenschaften, als diese Loslösung in der höchsten Blüte stand. Luziferisches ist das. Daher muß man sagen: Was damals wirkte in der Trennung sinnlichen Wissens und übersinnlicher Dogmatik, das ist luziferische Art. Dem Luziferischen steht entgegen das Ahrimanische. Das sind die zwei Gegner der menschlichen Seele. Dieses Verkümmernlassen der übersinnlichen Menschenkräfte -— was dann zur rein animalischen Form des Sozialismus geführt hat, der jetzt verheerend und zerstörend über die Menschheit hereinbrechen muß - ist auf luziferische Kräfte zurückzuführen. Das Neue, was sich in unserem Zeitalter entwickelt, ist anderer Natur; das ist mehr ahrimanischer Natur. Das Luziferische will den Menschen isolieren, abschnüren vom Geistig-Übersinnlichen, will ihn in sich selbst die Illusion einer Totalität erleben lassen. Das Ahrimanische dagegen jagt dem Menschen Furcht ein vor dem Geistigen, läßt ihn nicht an das Geistige herankommen, gibt ihm die Illusion, daß das Geistige doch nicht vom Menschen erreicht werden kann. Muß die luziferische Abhaltung des Menschen vom Übersinnlichen mehr erzieherischer, kulturerzieherischer Art sein, so ist die ahrimanische Abhaltung vom Übersinnlichen, die auf der Furcht vor dem Geistigen beruht, mehr eine natürliche, die in dem Zeitalter seit dem 15. Jahrhundert besonders hervorbricht. Und wie die luziferische Abschnürung vom Geistigen in dem Leben unter der Decke des orthodoxen Christentums des Ostens besonders zum Ausdruck kommen konnte, so die ahrimanische Furcht, die Zurückhaltung vor dem Geistigen besonders in dem Element der westlichen Kultur und besonders auch in dem Element der amerikanischen Kultur.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":296,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/181/1918-07-30/p017"},{"locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p018","passage_number":18,"text":"Solche Wahrheiten mögen heute unbequem sein, aber sie sind eben Wahrheiten, und wir kommen heute nicht dadurch vorwärts, daß wir im Allgemeinen herumreden -— wenn auch noch so mystisch oder theosophisch - von dem Zusammenhang des Menschen mit dem Göttlichen, oder wie sonst die Frage heißen möge. Sondern nur dadurch kommen wir vorwärts, daß wir die Wirklichkeit erkennen, wie sie ist. Nur dadurch können wir wieder eine Ordnung in unserem Chaos finden, daß wir die verschiedenen nebeneinander lebenden Strömungen in ihrer Eigenart erkennen. Denn ihrerseits entwickeln sich die verschiedenen Strömungen aus ihren Voraussetzungen, lokal, und verbreiten sich dann, und in dem modernen Kuddelmuddel, den man dann Kultur nennt, geht doch alles durcheinander. -— Was ich jetzt nennen möchte «Amerikanismus», das Amerikanische als Kollektivbegriff - nicht auf die einzelnen Amerikaner bezüglich -, das ist die Furcht vor dem Geistigen, ist die Sehnsucht, nur mit dem physisch-sinnlichen Plan zu leben, höchstens noch mit dem, was von unten herauf in diesen physisch-sinnlichen Plan an Grobgeistigem, Spiritistischem und dergleichen hereinkommt, was nicht ein wirklich Geistiges ist. Furcht vor dem Geistigen ist es, was den Amerikanismus charakterisiert. Aber der Amerikanismus lebt nun nicht etwa bloß in Amerika — da lebt er ganz und gar im sozialen Pol willenhaft, nicht menschlich -, er lebt vor allem in aller Wissenschaft. Diese Wissenschaft hat nämlich in diesem Zeitraume seit dem 15. Jahrhundert immer mehr und mehr auch dasjenige herausgebildet, was man nennen könnte «Furcht vor dem Geistigen». Als objektive Wissenschaft wird ja nur dasjenige bezeichnet, was womöglichst nicht mit lebendigen, im Inneren der Seele erzeugten Begriffen sich befaßt. Was irgendwie eine Idee, ein Begriff ist, die im Inneren der Seele erzeugt werden, darf nicht in die Naturbeobachtung eingreifen. Es darf nur das Tote der Naturbeobachtung, nicht das durchgeistigte Lebendige in die Wissenschaft eingehen. Wenn man, ich will sagen, etwa in Hegelscher Weise, was eine richtige mitteleuropäische Weise ist — aber auch in Schellingscher Weise, in Goethescher Weise -, den Begriff in die Naturbetrachtung einführt, dann glaubt man sogleich, daß man dadurch ins Unsichere komme; denn man traut sich nicht zu, etwas objektiv Wirkliches im geistigen Erfassen, im geistigen Erleben zu erfahren. Man glaubt, da könne nur Willkür leben, da komme man gleich ins Nichtobjektive hinein, wenn man irgend etwas Subjektives in die Erfahrungen hineinträgt. Das ist ahrimanisch. Die Wissenschaft ist universalistisch-amerikanisch, insofern sie diesen Grundsatz hat, alles Subjektive aus der Naturbetrachtung herauszuwerfen. Das ist das, was sich elementar herausgebildet hat aus dieser früheren Abschnürung des Geistigen im vierten nachatlantischen Zeitraum.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":412,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/181/1918-07-30/p018"},{"locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p019","passage_number":19,"text":"So haben wir zu jenem Erbstück das Neue hinzugefügt, jenes Neue, das sich in die Zukunft hinein neben dem, was sich als fruchttragend entwickeln muß, aber bewußt entwickeln muß, immer mehr und mehr als ein Zerstörendes geltend macht. Dieses Neue ist im wesentlichen ahrimanischer Natur, ist Furcht vor dem Geistigen und wirkt zerstörend, wirkt auflösend auf alle Menschheitskultur, die doch eben im Geistigen fußen muß.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":65,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/181/1918-07-30/p019"},{"locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p020","passage_number":20,"text":"An der Wende des vierten zum fünften nachatlantischen Zeitraum, besonders im fünften, kamen gerade diese Impulse, die ich jetzt charakterisiert habe, immer mehr und mehr heraus. Mit der Entdeckung Amerikas und der Verpflanzung europäischen Wesens nach Amerika entwickelte sich drüben jene Furcht vor dem geistigen Leben. Aber auf der andern Seite entstand, ich möchte sagen, eine Spannung in den Menschenseelen; denn die Volkskräfte Europas waren nicht so, daß sie nicht aus sich heraus von dem Zusammenhange mit dem Geistigen des Kosmos doch etwas verspürt hätten. Es entstand eine Spannung gewissermaßen an der Wende zwischen dem vierten und dem fünften nachatlantischen Kulturzeitraum, in den Jahrhunderten, in denen sich das herausbildete, was man als neuere Geschichte bezeichnet. Da entstand diese Spannung des unterdrückten Geistigen in der Menschenbrust. Dem mußte ein Damm entgegengesetzt werden, teilweise, indem man gut verstand, was als altes Erbgut vorhanden war, und teilweise, indem man das neuherankommende Ahrimanische sehr sachgemäß ins Auge faßte. Da entstand dann jene Geistesströmung, die doch einen viel größeren Einfluß hat, als die meisten Menschen denken - ich habe schon das letzte Mal von einem andern Gesichtspunkte aus darauf hingewiesen -, jene Geistesströmung, die sich bemüht, dieses Zurückgehaltenwerden der Menschenseele von dem Übersinnlichen zu perpetuieren, fortzusetzen. Es entstand, mit andern Worten, der Jesuitismus. Sein inneres Prinzip besteht darin, alles das in der Menschheitsentwickelung zu tun, was den Menschen fernhalten kann von dem Zusammenhange mit dem Übersinnlichen, von dem wirklichen Zusammenhange mit dem Übersinnlichen. Selbstverständlich wird man um so mehr dieses Getrenntsein dadurch erreichen, daß man dieses Übersinnliche gerade von jesuitischer Seite strikte dogmatisch als etwas hinstellt, woran das menschliche Erkennen nicht rühren kann. Aber das jesuitische Vorgehen rechnet auf der andern Seite damit sehr gut, und es will keine innere Verwandtschaft als die zwischen der modernen Wissenschaft und dem Amerikanismus, zwischen moderner Wissenschaft und Jesuitismus. Darin ist der Jesuitismus ja groß: die physische Wissenschaft tief bedeutsam zu treiben. Die Jesuiten sind große Geister auf dem Felde der physisch-sinnlichen Wissenschaft, denn der Jesuitismus rechnet mit diesem elementaren Hang der Menschennatur - der eben überwunden werden muß durch die Hinlenkung der Menschennatur auf die geistige Welt -: Furcht zu haben vor dem Geistigen. Und er rechnet damit, daß man diese Furcht sozialisieren kann dadurch, daß man gewissermaßen dem Menschen sagt: Du kannst und sollst nicht an das Geistige heran; wir verwalten dir das Geistige, wir bringen es in der rechten Weise an dich heran.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":397,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/181/1918-07-30/p020"},{"locus":"GA 181/1918-07-30/p021","passage_number":21,"text":"Diese beiden Strömungen — Amerikanismus und Jesuitismus arbeiten gewissermaßen ineinander; nur dürfen Sie es nicht leicht nehmen, sondern müssen bei alledem die tiefer wirksamen Impulse in der Menschheitsentwickelung suchen. Wer nach den Kräften suchen wird, welche die jetzige Katastrophe herbeigeführt haben, der wird ein merkwürdiges Zusammenarbeiten finden von Amerikanismus in dem hier gemeinten Sinne — und Jesuitismus. Wenn man dies alles überblickt, dann findet man, wie auf der einen Seite Erbschaft aus früheren Zeiten in unserem Kulturleben wirkt, und wie auf der andern Seite Neues dazutritt. Indem man dies bezeichnet als das Luziferische auf der einen Seite, als das Ahrimanische auf der andern Seite, bezeichnet man gerade das Gegnerische gegenüber dem, was als richtiges Geistesleben zur Rettung der Menschheit in die Entwickelung der Menschheit hineingegossen werden muß. Wer mit innigem Anteil nun an eine solche Gestalt herangeht, wie es Bernhard von Clairvaux ist, der gewissermaßen nach der einen Seite hintendiert, der rechnet damit: Das menschliche Erkennen ist doch nur auf das Physisch-Sinnliche gerichtet, also richten wir die Seele auf das Geistig-Göttliche in Inbrunst, in elementarem Erleben. Dadurch kommt etwas Enthusiastisches in diese Natur hinein. - Man könnte sagen: Was da nach der einen Seite, nach dem Geistigen in den Menschenseelen lebt, das lebt nach der andern Seite auch in unserer Zeit, aber nach der dunkeln, nach der finstern Seite. Das 12. Jahrhundert hatte seinen Bernhard von Clairvaux, und unser Jahrhundert hat solche Gestalten wie Lenin und Trotzki. Wie dort die Hinneigung zum Übersinnlichen wirkte, so lebt in diesen Gestalten der Haß gegen das Übersinnliche, wenn das auch in andern Worten, in andern Inhalten zum Ausdruck kommt. Das ist die finstere Kehrseite jener Zeiten: dort das Eingießen der Menschenseele in das Göttliche, hier das Eingießen des Menschenwesens in das Animalische, das allein eine soziale Struktur erhalten soll.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":296,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/181/1918-07-30/p021"}],"beads":[{"from":[19],"to":[17],"confidence":"high"},{"from":[20],"to":[18],"confidence":"high"},{"from":[21],"to":[19],"confidence":"high"},{"from":[22],"to":[20],"confidence":"high"},{"from":[23],"to":[21],"confidence":"high"}],"note":"Paired by the paragraph aligner; each language numbers its own paragraphs. A bead at either end of the span can carry text beyond it (the `from` numbers show what each bead covers)."}}