{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 183/1918-08-25/p031","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Now let us take an example of this; let me take whatever example you like from the time of the Caesars; try to learn about this time from the text books, or any books written by the great historical authorities. I fancy you will gain very little knowledge in this way about a certain personality who in the reign of Nero played an important political part (so even under Nero you could have political aspirations!) This personality aroused quite special notice and gained considerable influence on Roman politics under Vespasian and Titus, so much so that it may be said that he was the soul of the Government under these two emperors. Then this personality went over to the other side in the reign of Domitian considering him as a disaster for the Roman Empire. He turned to the other side and a lawsuit was brought against him, a lawsuit that made a great deal of stir in Rome and was of much interest. During this case Domitian changed suddenly from the tyrant into one who did not know how to proceed in the lawsuit and was therefore unable to pass sentence on the man. Then again, as Nero succeeded Domitian, we see this personality actively connected with the Emperor, the Caesar. We watch him creating out of the whole world-conception of that day what was great in politics, and at the same time see how he once more sought to implant for the last time during the Roman Empire into the political events really vast concepts brought down from the cosmos. Strangely enough in no current history book do you find any accurate account of this personality, not even in Seutonius or Tacitus, only in Philostratus. And Philostratus describes him in such a way that one does not know whether he is giving a picture of any Roman or of a real man—he paints the life of Apollonius of Tyana. For it is Apollonius of Tyana of whom I have been speaking as having had so great an influence on politics from the time of Nero to that of Nerva, and especially under Vespasian and Titus; and Philostratus describes him. Bauer the theologian and historian of Tübingen was absolutely astounded that one should thus find nothing about such a personality as Apollonius who played a part of the utmost importance in what is historically represented. Naturally Bauer did not see into the real reason for this; for it is a question of our having in Apollonius a historical personality wielding indeed this great influence but drawing down his principles straight from the cosmos above. That was in the highest degree fatal for the Christianity then arising in Rome. And now I shall ask you to take notice that everything in history is there by grace of the Church. There is nothing in history except what the Church has allowed man to have. Not without justification has an old and by no means foolish man maintained that there was never a Plato nor a Sophocles, but that monks in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries wrote their plays—for there is no proof, no strict proof of their existence. Even though the assertion is untenable, is indeed nonsense, nevertheless, as we have often emphasised, all that is conventional history is most uncertain. And we should be quite clear about it. We must indeed bring the present into connection with the past, for we are now coming to a great and pregnant question.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture II","site_heading":"Threefold Man and Cosmic Consciousness Development","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1918-08-25","location":null,"word_count":580,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/183/1918-08-25/p031","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"not_established","translator":null,"identified_edition":"LRZ254","book_title":"Mysteries of the Sun and of the Threefold Man","publisher":null,"publisher_inferred":false,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA183/English/LRZ254/19180825p01.html","evidence":null,"reason":"source_says_translator_unknown","note":"The source page itself says the translator is unknown. No translator is established for this lecture: nothing at the level of the lecture names one. Do not attribute this English to a translator, and do not borrow a credit from another lecture of the volume. Cite the German for anything load-bearing."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/183/1918-08-25/p031"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/183/1918-08-25/p031","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1918-08-25","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 183/1918-08-25/p034","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/183/1918-08-25/p034"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":546,"en_words":580,"ratio":1.06,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. 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Dann wendete sich diese Persönlichkeit der andern Seite zu unter der Regierung des Domitianus, den sie für einen Schädling des Römertums hielt. Sie wendete sich der andern Seite zu. Es wird ihr der Prozeß gemacht, ein sehr aufsehenerregender Prozeß in Rom, der sehr interessant verlaufen ist, in welchem Domitianus geradezu umgeschlagen hat vom Tyrannen zu einem, der sich gegenüber diesem Prozeß nicht zu helfen wußte, daher den Mann nicht verurteilen konnte. Dann wiederum, als an Stelle des Domitianus Nerva kam, sehen wir diese Persönlichkeit wieder energisch verbunden mit dem Kaiser, dem Cäsar. Da schen wir aber diese Persönlichkeit große Politik machen aus der gesamten Weltanschauung der damaligen Zeit heraus, und wir schen zu gleicher Zeit diese Persönlichkeit versuchen, wirklich weitgehende, aus dem Kosmos heruntergeholte Begriffe noch einmal, zum letzten Male während der römischen Kaiserzeit, den politischen Ereignissen einzuimpfen. Und kurioserweise finden Sie ja eine richtige Beschreibung dieser Persönlichkeit in gar keinem gebräuchlichen Geschichtsbuche, nicht einmal bei SzeZon und Tacitus, sondern nur bei Philostratus. Und Philostratus schildert auch nur so, daß man nicht wußte, schildert er einen Roman oder eine Wirklichkeit. Er schildert das Leben des Apollonius von Iyana. Denn Apollonius von Tyana ist der, von dem ich Ihnen gesagt habe, daß er von Nero an bis zu Nerva und namentlich unter Vespasian und Titus einen so großen Einfluß auf die Politik hatte, und den Philostratus beschrieb. Und der Tübinger Theologe Baur, der Historiker Baur war im höchsten Grade erstaunt, daß man so gar nichts findet über eine Persönlichkeit wie den Apollonius, der eine erste Rolle spielen müßte in der Geschichtsdarstellung. Natürlich sah Baur nicht ein, worauf es ankommt. Es kommt darauf an, daß in Apollonius eine Persönlichkeit dasteht in der Geschichte, die schon diesen großen Einfluß hatte, aber die aus dem überragenden Kosmischen die Prinzipien herunterholte. Das war dem ins Römische hineinmündenden Christentum im höchsten Grade fatal. Und nun bitte ich Sie zu berücksichtigen, daß alles dasjenige, was historisch da ist, von der Kirche Gnaden da ist. Es ist ja sonst nichts da, als was die Kirche aus Gnade den Menschen gelassen hat. Nicht mit Unrecht hat ein alter, gar nicht dummer Mensch behauptet, daß es überhaupt einen Plato, einen Sophokles gar nicht gegeben hatte, sondern daß Mönche vom 14. und 15. Jahrhundert des Sophokles’ Dramen geschrieben hatten; denn ein strikter Beweis dafür, daß Sophokles gelebt hat, ist nicht da. Wenn auch die Behauptung nicht haltbar ist, selbstverständlich Unsinn ist, aber wie unsicher alles dasjenige ist, was geschichtliche Fable convenue ist, wir haben es ja schon oft betont. Und wir müssen uns darüber klar sein. Wir müssen ja die Gegenwart mit der Vergangenheit in Zusammenhang bringen, denn wir nähern uns jetzt einer großen, bedeutungsvollen Frage.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":546,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/183/1918-08-25/p034"}],"english":["GA 183/1918-08-25/p031"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":546,"en_words":580,"ratio":1.06,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.0,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":6522,"original_word_count":6517,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"not_established","translator":null,"identified_edition":"LRZ254","book_title":"Mysteries of the Sun and of the Threefold Man","publisher":null,"publisher_inferred":false,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA183/English/LRZ254/19180825p01.html","evidence":null,"reason":"source_says_translator_unknown","note":"The source page itself says the translator is unknown. No translator is established for this lecture: nothing at the level of the lecture names one. Do not attribute this English to a translator, and do not borrow a credit from another lecture of the volume. Cite the German for anything load-bearing.","warning":"No translator is recorded for this edition. An unattributed translation cannot be weighed as a witness: you cannot tell which hand made the choices in it. Cite the German for anything load-bearing."},"entity_parity":{"status":"discrepancy","checked_against":["GA 183/1918-08-25/p034"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":["Christ"],"bead_confidence":"high","bead_length_ratio":1.06,"likely_cause":"unresolved","note":"NAME MISMATCH between this English passage and its German counterpart. A name the German carries is absent here (or a name appears here that the German does not carry). 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