{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 191/1919-10-05/p009-p010","extent":"range","passage_number":9,"through":10,"paragraph_count":2,"first_locus":"GA 191/1919-10-05/p009","last_locus":"GA 191/1919-10-05/p010","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"title":"Third Lecture","date":"1919-10-05","location":null,"alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Social Understanding from a Spiritual-Scientific Perspective","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA191/English/SOL2024/19191005p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.04,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":6474,"original_word_count":6251,"may_be_abridged":false},"site_heading":"Cosmic Forces and Social Understanding Through Spiritual Thinking","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/191/1919-10-05/p009-p010","json_url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/191/1919-10-05/p009-p010.json","lecture_url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/191/1919-10-05#p009","word_count":809,"quote_safe":true,"passages":[{"passage_number":9,"locus":"GA 191/1919-10-05/p009","text":"To know such things in the abstract has no great value; but to feel within oneself that one is such a being, in whom the sun and moon are at work, that gives inner life. To feel everything that one can think supersensibly and will subsensibly comes from the sun and moon, and makes one say to oneself: I may be walking on the earth, but with every step I take on the earth not only what springs and sprouts on earth, and what rejoices and suffers on earth, but with every step I take on earth, the sun and moon live in me. I am not just an earth citizen, I am a world citizen. When this surges and strengthens as a living life in man, then a certain power comes over his thinking, which he does not have without this consciousness. Particularly in the present time, people should learn to feel when they are walking on earth that the universe lives in them. This should become feeling, this should become perception. As it were, when man looks up at the sun, he should say to himself: I am also of your essence, O sun! —When he looks up at the moon, he should say: I am also of your essence, O moon!","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":214,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/191/1919-10-05/p009","witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Social Understanding from a Spiritual-Scientific Perspective","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA191/English/SOL2024/19191005p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 191/1919-10-05/p009"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}},{"passage_number":10,"locus":"GA 191/1919-10-05/p010","text":"When man bears this within him as a feeling, as a sentiment, only then does he become ripe for grasping social ideas. Otherwise his thinking bears a certain earthly heaviness. Of course, one can grasp certain ideas in the abstract, but one cannot inwardly animate them in the concrete. The social is something in which man is active as man. Natural science comprehends only that in which man is not present. One can never understand social forces and social activity in terms of natural science concepts. One can only understand social activity through the kind of light thinking that comes from the feeling that we have as world citizens. It is simply the case that such a world-citizen consciousness must arise from our relationship with the sun and the moon. Only when a person no longer feels that he is, as it were, dependent on the earth, only when he feels as if he is a temporary inhabitant of the earth, who brings solar and lunar forces into this earthly existence, only then does his thinking become so powerful and at the same time so light that he can truly grasp social concepts as they live in social existence. For you see, many an economic thinker thinks that he can grasp social concepts with the ordinary way of thinking that is modeled on natural science. Today you can read many concepts and interpretations in economic works about the concept of the commodity, about the concept of labor — I have already made some allusions to this — and about the concept of capital. But all these concepts are actually useless. They do not capture what is truly alive in social life. If you want to try to create a concept of what circulates in economic life as a commodity, and you create this concept in the same way that you create the concept of a crystal or a plant or an animal or even of a physical human being, then nothing comes of it. You cannot grasp the concept of the commodity according to the pattern of natural science. If you want to grasp it in living life, as it is in social life, then you basically need an imagination; because there is something about the commodity that is inseparable from the human being. Every commodity has something of the human being in it, whether the commodity consists of a sewn skirt or a painting – because in terms of political economy, a painting is also just a commodity – or whether it consists of a lesson in teaching. Even a lesson is, from a national economic point of view, only a commodity. But what constitutes the concept of a commodity is related to human performance. And it is not ordinary, fully conscious life that goes into the commodity, but rather, something of the subconscious life goes into the commodity in many ways. That is why you need imagination to grasp the concept of a commodity correctly. And you need inspiration to grasp the concept of labor, and you need intuition to grasp the concept of capital. For the concept of capital is a very spiritual concept, only a reversed spiritual concept. That is why the Bible quite correctly refers to that which is connected with capitalism as mammon, as something that has to do with the spiritual; only it is not exactly the very best spirit that has to do with it. But one penetrates into the highest regions of spiritual knowledge if one wants to grasp what capital actually does in economic life.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":595,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/191/1919-10-05/p010","witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Social Understanding from a Spiritual-Scientific Perspective","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA191/English/SOL2024/19191005p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 191/1919-10-05/p010"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}],"witnesses":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"first_passage":1,"last_passage":29,"passage_count":29,"word_count":6251},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"first_passage":1,"last_passage":29,"passage_count":29,"word_count":6474,"completeness":{"ratio":1.04,"band":"comparable","note":null}}],"aligned_witness":{"status":"aligned","lang":"de","edition":"original","confidence":"high","passages":[{"locus":"GA 191/1919-10-05/p009","passage_number":9,"text":"Abstrakt solche Dinge zu wissen, hat keinen großen Wert; aber in sich fühlen, man sei ein solches Wesen, in dem Sonne und Mond wirken, das gibt innerliches Leben. Zu fühlen alles, was man übersinnlich erdenken kann und untersinnlich wollen kann, das kommt von Sonne und Mond, das läßt den Menschen zu sich sagen: Ich wandle zwar auf der Erde herum, aber bei jedem Schritt, den ich auf der Erde mache, lebt in mir nicht nur das, was auf der Erde sprießt und sproßt, und was auf der Erde sich freut und auf der Erde leidet, sondern bei jedem Schritt, den ich auf der Erde mache, leben in mir Sonne und Mond. Ich bin nicht bloß Erdenbürger, ich bin Weltenbürger. - Wenn das als lebendiges Leben im Menschen wellt und kraftet, dann kommt über sein Denken eine gewisse Kraft, die er ohne dieses Bewußtsein nicht hat. Die Menschen sollten besonders in der Gegenwart fühlen lernen, wenn sie eben auf der Erde wandeln, daß in ihnen das Weltenall lebt. Das sollte Gefühl, das sollte Empfindung werden. Gleichsam sollte der Mensch, indem er zur Sonne hinaufblickt, sich sagen: Ich bin auch von deinem Wesen, o Sonne! — Indem er zum Monde hinaufblickt, sollte er sagen: Ich bin auch von deinem Wesen, o Mond!","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":210,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/191/1919-10-05/p009"},{"locus":"GA 191/1919-10-05/p010","passage_number":10,"text":"Wenn dies der Mensch als Empfindung, als Gefühl in sich trägt, dann wird er erst reif, soziale Ideen zu fassen. Sonst trägt sein Denken eine gewisse Erdenschwere. Gewiß, man kann in abstracto gewisse Ideen fassen, aber man kann sie nicht im Konkreten innerlich in sich beleben. Das Soziale ist etwas, worin der Mensch als Mensch tätig ist. Naturwissenschaft begreift nur dasjenige, bei dem der Mensch nicht dabei ist. Nach dem Muster naturwissenschaftlicher Vorstellungen kann man niemals soziale Kräfte, soziale Betätigungen verstehen. Soziale Betätigung kann man nur mit jenem leichten Denken verstehen, welches man erhält aus einem solchen Gefühle heraus, das uns als Weltbürger uns erfühlen läßt. Es ist einfach so, daß ein solches weltbürgerliches Bewußtsein aus der Verwandtschaft mit Sonne und Mond entspringen muß. Erst wenn der Mensch nicht mehr sich so fühlt, daß er gewissermaßen auf die Erde angewiesen ist, wenn er sich so fühlt, als ob er ein vorübergehender Bewohner der Erde sei, der hereinträgt in dieses Erdendasein Sonnen- und Mondenkräfte, erst dann wird sein Denken so kraftvoll und zu gleicher Zeit so leicht, daß er die sozialen Begriffe wirklich so auffassen kann, wie sie im sozialen Dasein leben. Denn sehen Sie, gar mancher nationalökonomische Denker denkt, er könne mit der gewöhnlichen, der Naturwissenschaft nachgebildeten Vorstellungsart auch soziale Begriffe fassen. Sie können heute in nationalökonomischen Werken viele Begriffe lesen, viele Interpretationen lesen über den Begriff der Ware, über den Begriff der Arbeit — ich habe darüber auch schon einige Andeutungen gemacht — und über den Begriff des Kapitals. Aber alle diese Begriffe sind eigentlich gewöhnlich nicht zu gebrauchen. Sie treffen nicht das, was wirklich lebt im sozialen Leben. Wenn Sie versuchen wollen, einen Begriff zu schaffen von dem, was in dem Wirtschaftsleben als Ware zirkuliert, und Sie schaffen diesen Begriff so, wie Sie den Begriff eines Kristalles oder einer Pflanze oder eines Tieres oder selbst des physischen Menschen erzeugen, so wird nichts daraus. Sie können nicht nach dem Muster naturwissenschaftlicher Vorstellung den Begriff der Ware fassen. Wollen Sie ihn im lebendigen Leben erhaschen, wie er im sozialen Leben drinnensteht, dann brauchen Sie im Grunde doch eine Imagination; denn der Ware haftet etwas an, das untrennbar ist vom Menschen. Es ist jeder Ware etwas vom Menschen mitgegeben, ob die Ware nun besteht in einem genähten Rock oder in einem Gemälde - denn nationalökonomisch ist ein Gemälde auch nur eine Ware —, oder ob sie besteht in einer Untertichtsstunde. Auch eine Unterrichtsstunde ist ja nationalökonomisch genommen nur Ware. Aber dasjenige, was den Waren-Begriff. ausmacht, das hängt zusammen mit der Leistung des Menschen, Und nicht das gewöhnliche, voll bewußte Leben geht in die Ware hinein, sondern in die Ware geht hinein vielfach etwas von dem unterbewußten Leben. Daher brauchen Sie eine Imagination, um den Waren-Begriff richtig zu fassen. Und Sie brauchen eine Inspiration, um den Arbeits-Begriff zu fassen, und Sie brauchen eine Intuition, um den Begriff des Kapitals zu fassen. Denn der Begriff des Kapitals ist ein sehr geistiger Begriff, nur ein umgekehrt geistiger Begriff. Daher bezeichnet die Bibel dasjenige, was mit dem Kapitalismus zusammenhängt, ganz richtig als Mammon, als etwas, was mit dem Geistigen zu tun hat; nur ist es nicht gerade der allerbeste Geist, der damit zu tun hat. Aber man dringt in die höchsten Regionen des geistigen Erkennens hinauf, wenn man das, was eigentlich Kapital im wirtschaftlichen Leben tut, erfassen will.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":553,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/191/1919-10-05/p010"}],"beads":[{"from":[9],"to":[9],"confidence":"high","pairing_state":"verified"},{"from":[10],"to":[10],"confidence":"high","pairing_state":"verified"}],"note":"Paired by the paragraph aligner; each language numbers its own paragraphs. A bead at either end of the span can carry text beyond it (the `from` numbers show what each bead covers)."}}