{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 199/1920-09-18/p022","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Beside these viewpoints there existed yet another in all the old cultures. In the late Greek culture, it was already no longer present, but it was still noticeable in more ancient Greek times by those who study this era not in a professorial manner but according to truth. In those times one did not say of a viewpoint in the logical sense that it was “true” or “false”; one said of it that it was “healthy” or “sick.” That signified something! Today we really talk of health or sickness only when we refer to physical man, for in ordinary life we refer to nothing any longer but him. We know that from somewhere in the cosmos come the forces that make us healthy or sick. But when we speak of soul and spirit, we no longer refer to health or sickness; for there we have changed over to abstractions, to mere theory. In the cultures of antiquity, when somebody said something that was correct, one had the feeling that this organized his spirit in a correct sense and he was healthy. When he said something that was awry and what we today abstractly call “false,” people sensed concretely that this came from a sick soul mood. “Healthy” and “sick” were terms that were applicable also to the soul; actually, above all, one felt this way about the soul. Out of this feeling originated a word about which scholars have later written long philological treatises—the word “catharsis” in Greek tragedy, a word that comes out of the Mysteries. According to Aristotle, catharsis takes place in the human soul when it watches a tragedy. Fear and compassion are stimulated in the soul, leading to a kind of crisis, to catharsis, and the human being in turn is purified by fear and pity. Thus, the process that occurs in the human soul when it looks upon a tragedy is described as a healing process occurring in the strengthened soul. There, in aesthetics, in art, you still have the concept of a curative element and of an element that causes an affliction.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture XVII","site_heading":"Prenatal Existence and the Spiritual Foundations of Human Development","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1920-09-18","location":null,"word_count":348,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/199/1920-09-18/p022","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Maria St. Goar","identified_edition":"AP1986","book_title":"Spiritual Science as a Foundation for Social Forms","publisher":"Anthroposophic Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA199/English/AP1986/19200918p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/199/1920-09-18/p022"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/199/1920-09-18/p022","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1920-09-18","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 199/1920-09-18/p020","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/199/1920-09-18/p020"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":322,"en_words":348,"ratio":1.08,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 199/1920-09-18/p020","passage_number":20,"text":"Neben diesen Anschauungen gab es in allen alten Kulturen noch eine andere. Im späteren Griechentum war sie schon nicht mehr vorhanden; im älteren Griechentum ist sie für alle diejenigen, die diese Zeit nicht professorengemäß, sondern wahrheitsgemäß studieren, noch bemerkbar. Da redete man nicht im logischen Sinne von einer Anschauung, sie sei «wahr» oder «falsch», da redete man von einer Anschauung so, daß man sagte, sie sei «gesund» oder «krank». Das bedeutete etwas! Wir reden heute eigentlich nur noch von Gesundheit und Krankheit, wenn wir den physischen Menschen meinen, denn wir reden im gewöhnlichen Leben überhaupt nur noch von diesem. Da wissen wir, aus dem Kosmos heraus stammen Kräfte, die einen gesund oder krank machen, aber wenn wir von Seele und Geist reden, reden wir nicht mehr von gesund oder krank, da sind wir zum Abstrakten übergegangen, zur bloßen Theorie. In alten Kulturen hatte man die Empfindung, wenn irgend jemand etwas sagte, was richtig war: Das organisiert seinen Geist gut, da ist er gesund. — Wenn er etwas sagte, was schief war, was wir heute abstrakt «falsch» nennen, da empfand man konkret: Das kommt aus einer kranken Seelenstimmung heraus. — «Gesund» und «krank», das war etwas, was man auch von der Seele sagte, was man von der Seele vor allen Dingen empfand. Aus dieser Empfindung heraus stammt das Wort, über das die Gelehrten später lange philologische Abhandlungen verfaßt haben, das Wort «Katharsis» in der griechischen Tragödie, ein Wort, das aus den Mysterien kommt. Katharsis geht nach Aristoteles in der Menschenseele vor sich, wenn sie eine Tragödie ansieht. Da wird Furcht und Mitleid erregt, damit Furcht und Mitleid zu einer Art Krisis, Katharsis führt, und der Mensch gereinigt wird in Furcht und Mitleid. Da wird der Vorgang, der in der Menschenseele vorgeht, indem sie eine Tragödie ansieht, wie ein Gesundungsprozeß aus der erkrafteten Seele heraus geschildert. Da haben Sie in der Ästhetik, in der Kunst, noch drinnen den Begriff des Gesund- und des Krankmachenden.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":322,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/199/1920-09-18/p020"}],"english":["GA 199/1920-09-18/p022"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":322,"en_words":348,"ratio":1.08,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.07,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":6369,"original_word_count":5930,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Maria St. Goar","identified_edition":"AP1986","book_title":"Spiritual Science as a Foundation for Social Forms","publisher":"Anthroposophic Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA199/English/AP1986/19200918p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 199/1920-09-18/p020"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}