{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 201/1920-04-16/p038","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Before one engages in Astronomy, one must educate oneself in a qualitative sense concerning that which moves in space, concerning the things that are interdependent in space. For one must be quite clear that Sun matter and any other matter—Earth matter for instance—can under no circumstances be brought into a simple relationship; because the matter of the Sun is, in comparison with the matter of the Earth, something absorbing and sucking, while the latter exerts pressure. The motions which express themselves in nutation are motions proceeding from the astral world, and not from anything that can be found in Newton's principles. It is just this Newtonism that has driven us so far into materialism, because it seizes on the uttermost abstractions. It speaks of a force of gravitation. The Sun, it says, attracts the Earth, or the Earth attracts the Moon; a force of attraction exists between these bodies, like some invisible cable. But if really nothing but this force of attraction existed, there would be no cause for the Moon to revolve round the Earth, or the Earth round the Sun; the Moon would simply fall on to the Earth. This would indeed have happened ages ago, if gravitation alone were acting; or the Earth would have fallen into the Sun. It is therefore quite impossible for us to look to gravitation alone for the means of explaining the imagined or actual motions of celestial bodies. So what do they do? Let us see! Here we have a Planet imbued with a constant desire to fall into the Sun—supposing we were to have the law of gravitation alone. But now we will suppose that this planet has at some time or other been given another force, a tangential force. This impetus acts with such and such a power, and the force of gravitation acts at the same time with such and such a power, so that eventually the planet does not fall into the Sun, but has to move along a line resulting from both forces.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture Four","site_heading":"The Breathing Cosmos: Lunar Rhythms and Spiritual Worlds","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1920-04-16","location":null,"word_count":337,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/201/1920-04-16/p038","alignment_confidence":"medium","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"George and Mary Adams","identified_edition":"RSP1972","book_title":"Man: Hieroglyph of the Universe","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA201/English/RSP1972/19200416p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/201/1920-04-16/p038","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1920-04-16","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 201/1920-04-16/p028","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/201/1920-04-16/p028"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":321,"en_words":337,"ratio":1.05,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 201/1920-04-16/p028","passage_number":28,"text":"Ehe man also Astronomie treibt, sollte man vor allen Dingen sich qualitativ über dasjenige unterrichten, was sich da im Raum bewegt und was im Raum von einander abhängig ist. Denn man sollte sich klar sein, daß man nicht einfach miteinander in Beziehungen bringen darf Sonnenmaterie und irgendeine andere Materie, irgendeine Erdenmaterie. Die Sonnenmaterie ist im Verhältnis zur Erdenmaterie eine saugende, während die Erdenmaterie eine drückende ist. Und die Bewegungen, die sich ausdrücken in der Nutation, sind Bewegungen, die von der Astralität herrühren, nicht von irgend etwas, was durch Newtonsche Prinzipien aufgesucht werden darf. Aber dieser Newtonismus, er ist gerade dasjenige, was uns in so furchtbarer Weise in den Materialismus hineingeschmettert hat, denn er hat zur äußersten Abstraktion gegriffen. Er redet von einer Gravitationsktaft: Die Sonne zieht die Erde an, oder die Erde zieht den Mond an - eine Kraft, eine Anziehungskraft von dem Monde zur Erde hin, oder von der Erde zur Sonne hin, so irgendein unsichtbarer Strick (Tafel 7, rechts oben). Aber bestände bloß diese Anziehungskraft, so wäre ja kein Grund vorhanden, daß sich etwa der Mond um die Erde, oder die Erde um die Sonne dreht, sondern es wäre nur ein Grund vorhanden, daß der Mond auf die Erde herunterfiele — er wäre schon längst heruntergefallen, wenn bloß die Gravitationskraft da wäre - oder die Erde in die Sonne hineinfiele. Das geht also doch nicht, daß man bloß die Gravitation annimmt, um die gedachten oder wirklichen Bewegungen der Himmelskörper zu erklären. Also was tut man? Man sagt so: Nehmen wir an, hier ist ein Planet (dieselbe Tafel, Mitte oben), er möchte eigentlich fortwährend in die Sonne hineinfallen, wenn bloß die Anziehungskraft wäre. Aber es ist ihm eine Kraft, eine Tangentialkraft, ein mächtiger Stoß einmal verliehen worden, und da wirkt hier der Stoß so stark, die Anziehungskraft vielleicht so stark; nun, da bewegt er sich eben nicht so, daß er hereinfällt, sondern er bewegt sich dann in der resultierenden Linie.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":321,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/201/1920-04-16/p028"}],"english":["GA 201/1920-04-16/p038"],"method":"length","confidence":"medium","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":321,"en_words":337,"ratio":1.05,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.0,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":5456,"original_word_count":5443,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"George and Mary Adams","identified_edition":"RSP1972","book_title":"Man: Hieroglyph of the Universe","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA201/English/RSP1972/19200416p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 201/1920-04-16/p028"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"medium","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}