{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 201/1920-05-09/p008-p009","extent":"range","passage_number":8,"through":9,"paragraph_count":2,"first_locus":"GA 201/1920-05-09/p008","last_locus":"GA 201/1920-05-09/p009","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"title":"Lecture Thirteen","date":"1920-05-09","location":null,"alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"George and Mary Adams","identified_edition":"RSP1972","book_title":"Man: Hieroglyph of the Universe","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA201/English/RSP1972/19200509p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":0.92,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":3560,"original_word_count":3870,"may_be_abridged":false},"site_heading":"Humanity's Cosmic Organization and the Sun-Spirit Mystery","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/201/1920-05-09/p008-p009","json_url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/201/1920-05-09/p008-p009.json","lecture_url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/201/1920-05-09#p008","word_count":900,"quote_safe":true,"passages":[{"passage_number":8,"locus":"GA 201/1920-05-09/p008","text":"This has a still greater significance, which is, that what we call our Ego has primarily a direct influence on our solid man, and that what we call our astral body has an *indirect* influence on our fluid man—so that what works from the soul and spirit upon our organisation, comes, through our bodily nature, also into connection with all the forces of the Cosmos. These movements of the Cosmos have always been a subject of observation, from the most varied points of view. When we look back to the ancient Persian civilisation we find that even then researches were made into the movements of the Universe. These researches were also made by the Chaldeans and by the Egyptians, and it is not without interest to study the attitude of the Egyptians to movements of the Universe. They had, of course, for what were apparently quite material reasons, to study the connection of the Earth with the outer Cosmos, for their land depended upon the inundations of the Nile which took place precisely when the Sun was in a definite position in the Universe. This position could be determined by that of Sirius; so that the Egyptians had arrived at making observations as to the position of the Sun in relation to what we now call the Fixed Stars. Especially in the Egyptian sacerdotal colonies, in their Mysteries, extensive researches were made into the relation of the Sun to the other stars. As I have already said, the Egyptians knew perfectly well that each year the Sun appeared to have shifted its position in the heavens in regard to the other stars, and they calculated thereby that the stars—whether apparently or really is immaterial just now—as they daily moved round the heavens, had a certain velocity, and that the daily movement of the Sun had also a certain velocity, but not quite so great as that of the stars. The Sun always lagged somewhat behind. The Egyptians knew and recorded the fact that the Sun lagged behind about one day in 72 years, so that when a particular star which rose with the Sun in a definite year rises again 72 years later, the Sun does not rise with it but 24 hours later. A star belonging to the world of fixed stars, a star in the Zodiac, outstrips the Sun by one day, one full day, in every 72 years. Multiply 72 by 360 and we obtain 25,920 years. That is a number which we often meet with. It is the time needed by the Sun in its lagging behind to get back to its starting-point; having thus gone round the whole Zodiac. The Sun is therefore exactly one degree behind in 72 years, for a circle has, as we know, 360 degrees. According to this reckoning, the Egyptians divided the great year—which really comprises 25,920 years—into 360 days; but such a day was 72 years long. And 72 years, what is that? It is the average limit of duration of man's life. Certainly there are individuals who live to be older, others not so old, but in general it constitutes the farther limit for human life. Thus one can say: The whole connection in the Universe is so constructed that it sustains a man's whole life for a solar day, which is 72 years. True, man is emancipated from that. He can be born *at any* time; but his life here as physical man between birth and death is arranged according to the solar day. Referring to historical records, one generally finds that the ordinary year of the Egyptians was reckoned as 360 days (not 365.25 as it actually is), until later on it was found to accord so little with the course of the stars that the other 5 days had to be inserted. How came it that the Egyptians originally took 360 days for the year? In the cosmic year a degree—that is, a 360th part—is actually a cosmic day of 72 years. Thus in the Egyptian Mysteries it was taught that man is so connected with the Cosmos, that the duration of his life is one day of the cosmic year. He was thus organised into the Cosmos. His relation to the Cosmos was made clear to him through connections which belong to the decadence of the whole evolution of the Egyptian people.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":728,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/201/1920-05-09/p008","german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1920-05-09","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 201/1920-05-09/p007","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/201/1920-05-09/p007"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":814,"en_words":728,"ratio":0.89,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. 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Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 201/1920-05-09/p007"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}},{"passage_number":9,"locus":"GA 201/1920-05-09/p009","text":"The essential nature of man and his connection with the Cosmos was not then made known to the wide mass of the Egyptians—that is characteristic of the time. It was said that if all men knew the nature of their being, how it is organised into the Cosmos, and that the duration of their own life has its part in the duration of the Sun's revolution, then those who felt themselves organised into the Universe would not allow themselves to be ruled, for each would regard himself as a member of the Universe. Only those were allowed to know this who it was believed were called to be leaders. The rest were not to possess such knowledge of the Cosmos, but a knowledge of the day only. This is connected with the decadence of the Egyptian civilisation. It was certainly necessary in regard to many other things, that immature people should not be initiated into the Mysteries, but this was extended to such things as gave power to the leaders and rulers.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":172,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/201/1920-05-09/p009","german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1920-05-09","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 201/1920-05-09/p008","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/201/1920-05-09/p008"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":180,"en_words":172,"ratio":0.96,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. 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Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 201/1920-05-09/p008"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}],"witnesses":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"first_passage":1,"last_passage":15,"passage_count":15,"word_count":3870},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"first_passage":1,"last_passage":16,"passage_count":16,"word_count":3560,"completeness":{"ratio":0.92,"band":"comparable","note":null}}],"aligned_witness":{"status":"aligned","lang":"de","edition":"original","confidence":"high","passages":[{"locus":"GA 201/1920-05-09/p007","passage_number":7,"text":"Das hat aber noch eine viel größere Bedeutung, die darinnen besteht, daß zunächst auf unseren festen Menschen unmittelbar dasjenige einen Einfluß hat, was wir unser Ich nennen, daß aber auf unseren flüssigen Menschen einen unmittelbaren — unmittelbaren, sage ich - Einfluß hat dasjenige, was wir unsern Astralleib nennen, so daß also auch dasjenige, was vom Seelisch-Geistigen auf unsere Organisation wirkt, durch unsere Leiblichkeit in Beziehung kommt zu all dem, was die Kräfte und die Bewegungen des Kosmos sind. Diese Bewegungen des Kosmos sind von den verschiedensten Weltanschauungsgesichtspunkten aus immer Gegenstand der Beobachtung gewesen. Wenn wir hinschauen auf die persische, die urpersische Kultur - da gab es schon Untersuchungen über die Bewegungen im Weltenall; es gab solche bei den Chaldäern, es gab auch solche bei den Ägyptern. Und es ist nicht uninteressant, gerade einmal - ich habe schon dergleichen erwähnt bei Betrachtungen, die mit diesen zusammenhängen - hinzusehen auf die Art, wie sich die Ägypter zu den Bewegungen des Weltenalls verhalten haben. Die Ägypter haben ja namentlich Veranlassung gehabt, aus zunächst scheinbar ganz materiellen Gründen, den Zusammenhang der Erde mit dem außerirdischen Kosmos zu studieren. Denn ihr Land hing ab von den Überschwemmungen des Nil, und die traten ein, wenn die Sonne eine bestimmte Lage im Weltenall hatte. Und diese Lage der Sonne konnte nach der Sirius-Stellung bestimmt werden, so daß die Ägypter schon dazu gekommen waren, über die Stellung der Sonne zu den Sternen, die wit heute Fixsterne nennen, sich Vorstellungen zu machen. Namentlich. waren in ägyptischen Priesterkolonien, in ägyptischen Priestermysterien ausgedehnte Untersuchungen betrieben worden über das Verhältnis der Sonne zu den anderen Sternen, zu den Sternen, die wir heute die fixen Sterne nennen. Das habe ich eben schon erwähnt, daß die Ägypter schon genau wußten, daß die Sonne mit jedem Jahre gegenüber den anderen Sternen am Himmel verschoben erscheint. So daß, wenn die Ägypter damit rechneten, daß die Sterne — ob scheinbar oder wirklich, ist uns gleichgültig - am Himmel herumgehen, so merkten sie, daß das Herumgehen der Sterne in Tagen eine gewisse Geschwindigkeit hat, das Herumgehen der Sonne auch eine gewisse Geschwindigkeit hat, aber keine ganz so große, wie das für die übrigen Sterne der Fall war. Die Sonne bleibt immer etwas zurück. Die Ägypter wußten und verzeichneten das, daß die Sonne in 72 Jahren um einen Tag zurückbleibt, daß also, wenn ein bestimmter Stern, mit dem zugleich die Sonne in einem bestimmten Jahre aufgegangen ist, nach 72 Jahren wiederum aufgeht, die Sonne mit ihm nicht zugleich aufgeht, sondern daß sie dann erst 24 Stunden später aufgeht. Der Stern, der der Fixsternwelt angehört, der ist in 72 Jahren der Sonne um einen Tag, um einen vollen Tag vorausgeeilt. Das ist der Weg, den die Sterne machen und den die Sonne macht (Tafel 24, oben). Aber die Sonne bleibt in 72 Jahren um einen Tag zurück. Wenn ich mit 360 multipliziere, so bekomme ich 25 920 Jahre. Das ist die Zahl, die uns öfter begegnet ist. Es ist die Zeit, welche die Sonne braucht, um dutch ihr Zurückbleiben dahin zu kommen, daß sie wiederum zum Ausgangspunkt kommt, daß sie also um den ganzen Tierkreis herumgegangen ist. Sie ist also in 72 Jahren gerade um einen Grad zurückgeblieben, denn ein Kreis hat ja, wie Sie wissen, 360 Grade. Nach diesen teilten die Ägypter das große Jahr, das eigentlich 25 920 Jahre umfaßt, in 360 Tage. Aber ein solcher Tag ist 72 Jahre lang, und 72 Jahre, was ist denn das? Das ist im Durchschnitt auch die höchste Lebensdauer des Menschen. Gewiß werden einzelne älter, andere nicht so alt, aber es ist eine obere Grenze für das menschliche Leben. So daß man also sagen kann, dieser ganze Zusammenhang ist im Weltenall daraufhin konstruiert, daß er ein Menschenleben erhält durch einen Sonnentag hindurch, der 72 Jahre lang ist. Allerdings, der Mensch ist davon emanzipiert. Er kann immer geboren werden. Er ist davon emanzipiert, zu gewissen Zeiten geboren zu werden, aber sein Leben hier als physischer Mensch zwischen Geburt und Tod richtet sich nach diesem Sonnentag ein. Wenn man nun in der Geschichte nachliest, so wird man meistens finden, daß die Ägypter auch das gewöhnliche Jahr zu 360 Tagen angenommen haben, nicht zu 365% Tagen, wie es wirklich ist, bis später die Sache mit dem Gang der Sterne so wenig gestimmt hat, daß man die anderen fünf Tage eingeschoben hat. Aber wodurch ist es denn gekommen, daß die Ägypter ursprünglich das Jahr zu 360 Tagen angenommen haben? Da ist schon ein merkwürdiges Mißverständnis entstanden. Es ist das Mißverständnis entstanden, daß die Priester von einem großen Weltenjahr gesprochen haben. Für dieses Weltenjahr ist wirklich ein Grad, das heißt, der 360. Teil, ein Weltentag von 72 Jahren. So daß also in den ägyptischen Priestermysterien gelehrt worden ist: der Mensch hängt mit dem Kosmos so zusammen, daß seine Lebensdauer ein Tag des Weltenjahres ist. Da wurde der Mensch angegliedert an den Kosmos; es wurde ihm seine Beziehung zum Kosmos klargemacht.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":814,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/201/1920-05-09/p007"},{"locus":"GA 201/1920-05-09/p008","passage_number":8,"text":"Aber dutch Verhältnisse, die in der Dekadenz der ganzen Entwickelung des ägyptischen Volkes liegen, wurde den breiten Massen des ägyptischen Volkes - und das ist dort am charakteristischsten zutage getreten — nicht mitgeteilt dasjenige, was Wesenheit des Menschen ist, was Zusammenhang des Menschen mit dem Kosmos ist. Man sagte sich: Wissen einmal alle Menschen, daß sie eine Wesenheit sind, die so eingegliedert ist in den ganzen Kosmos, daß ihre eigene Lebensdauer ein Glied ist in der Lebensdauer eines Sonnenumganges, dann werden diese Menschen, die sich fühlen als in das Weltenall eingegliedert, sich nicht regieren lassen, dann betrachtet sich jeder als ein Glied des Weltenalls. - Es sollten nur diejenigen wissen, daß es so ist, die man zum Führen berufen glaubte. Die anderen Menschen, die sollten nicht ein solches Weltenwissen, sondern ein Tageswissen haben. Das hängt zusammen mit der ganzen Dekadenz der ägyptischen Kulturentwickelung. Und was in bezug auf viele andere Dinge allerdings notwendig war, die unreife Menschheit in gewisse Mysterien nicht einzuweihen, das wurde ausgedehnt gerade von der ägyptischen Kultur auf solche Dinge, die den Führenden, den Regierenden Macht gaben.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":180,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/201/1920-05-09/p008"}],"beads":[{"from":[8],"to":[7],"confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed"},{"from":[9],"to":[8],"confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed"}],"note":"Paired by the paragraph aligner; each language numbers its own paragraphs. A bead at either end of the span can carry text beyond it (the `from` numbers show what each bead covers)."}}