{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 206/1921-08-05/p023","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Then came the nineteenth century; the human soul had completely lost its elementary connection with what was contained in the super-sensible world, and it became more and more necessary for the human beings to convince themselves, one might say, artificially, that it is, after all, significant to accept the existence of a super-sensible world. So we may see, particularly in the nineteenth century, the development of a doctrine which had been well prepared in advance, the doctrine of the two paths of cognition: the path of knowledge and the path of faith. A cognition of faith, based upon an entirely subjective conviction, was still supposed to uphold what had been preserved traditionally from the old dogmas. In addition to this fact, the human beings were more and more overcome, I might say, by the knowledge which the world of the senses offered to them. Fundamentally speaking, just about the middle of, the nineteenth century, the evolution of the spiritual world of Europe had reached the following point: An abundant knowledge flowed out of the world of the senses, whereas the attitude towards the super-sensible world was problematic. When the human beings investigated the sensory world, they always felt that they had a firm ground under their feet and the facts resulting from an external observation could always be pointed out and summed up in a kind of world-picture, which naturally contained nothing but sensory facts, but which grew more and more perfect in regard to these sensory contents. On the other hand, they were striving in an almost cramped and desperate manner to maintain a survey of the super-sensible world through faith. Particularly significant in this connection is the development of theology, especially of Christology, for it shows us how the super-sensible contents of the Christ-idea were gradually lost, so that finally nothing remained of this idea except the existence of Jesus of Nazareth within the world of the senses; he was, therefore, looked upon as a member of human evolution within the ordinary and intellectual life of the senses. [See Rudolf Steiner's, “Et incarnatus est ...”.] Attempts were made to uphold Christianity even in the face of the enlightened and scientific mentality of modern times, but it was submitted to criticism and dissolved through this critical examination; the contents of the gospels were sieved and thus a definition was construed, as it were, which justified to a certain extent at least the right to point out that the super-sensible world must be the subject of faith, of belief.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Dual Forms of Cognition in the Middle Ages","site_heading":null,"date":"1921-08-05","location":null,"word_count":419,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/206/1921-08-05/p023","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"not_established","translator":null,"identified_edition":"Singles","book_title":null,"publisher":null,"publisher_inferred":false,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA206/English/Singles/19210805p01.html","evidence":null,"reason":"no_translator_named","note":"Neither the lecture's own page nor rsarchive's lecture list names a translator for it. No translator is established for this lecture: nothing at the level of the lecture names one. Do not attribute this English to a translator, and do not borrow a credit from another lecture of the volume. Cite the German for anything load-bearing."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/206/1921-08-05/p023"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/206/1921-08-05/p023","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1921-08-05","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 206/1921-08-05/p020","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/206/1921-08-05/p020"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":332,"en_words":419,"ratio":1.26,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 206/1921-08-05/p020","passage_number":20,"text":"Dann kam das 19. Jahrhundert, für das eine elementare Beziehung der Menschenseele zum übersinnlichen Inhalt völlig verblaßt war, und für das es immer mehr und mehr notwendig wurde, künstlich, man möchte sagen, sich einzureden, daß die Annahme einer übersinnlichen Welt dennoch eine Bedeutung habe. Und so bildete sich namentlich im 19. Jahrhundert die allerdings schon vorher gut vorbereitete Lehre heraus von den zwei Erkenntniswegen: dem Wege des Wissens und dem Wege des Glaubens. Eine ganz und gar auf bloße subjektive Überzeugung gebaute Glaubenserkenntnis sollte noch dasjenige stützen, was sich traditionell von der alten Dogmatik erhalten hatte. Daneben war man immer mehr und mehr, ich möchte sagen, überwältigt von demjenigen, was die Sinneswelt an Erkenntnissen dargeboten hat. So war im Grunde genommen die Lage der Entwickelung der europäischen Geisteswelt gerade um die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts: reich fließende Erkenntnis der Sinneswelt, problematische Stellung zu der übersinnlichen Welt. Während man beim Forschen in der Sinneswelt überall Grund und Boden unter den Füßen hatte, während man überall hinweisen konnte auf die Tatsachen, die sich eben aus der äußeren Beobachtung ergaben und die man zusammenfassen konnte zu einer Art von Weltbild, das allerdings nur sinnliche Inhalte enthielt, das aber doch sich immer mehr und mehr vervollständigte mit Bezug auf diese sinnlichen Inhalte, war es eine Art krampfhaften Bestrebens, eine Glaubensübersicht festzuhalten von dem Übersinnlichen. Und besonders bemerkenswert in dieser Beziehung ist die Entwickelung der Theologie im 19. Jahrhundert, namentlich der Christologie, bei der man sieht, wie nach und nach eigentlich aller übersinnlicher Inhalt des Christus-Begriffes verlorengeht und zuletzt nichts anderes übrig bleibt als der in der Sinneswelt anwesende Jesus von Nazareth, dasjenige, was also im gewöhnlichen Sinnes- und im intellektualistischen Sinnenleben als ein Mitglied der Menschheitsentwickelung betrachtet werden konnte. Und es entstanden diejenigen Bestrebungen, die nun versuchten, das Christentum auch gegenüber der modernen Aufklärung und Wissenschaftlichkeit zu halten, indem sie es ja durchkritisierten, bei dieser Durchkritisierung auflösten, den Evangelieninhalt siebten und dadurch in gewisser Weise wenigstens eine Berechtigung herausdefinierten für den Glaubenshinweis auf eine übersinnliche Welt.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":332,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/206/1921-08-05/p020"}],"english":["GA 206/1921-08-05/p023"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":332,"en_words":419,"ratio":1.26,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.11,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":5678,"original_word_count":5135,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"not_established","translator":null,"identified_edition":"Singles","book_title":null,"publisher":null,"publisher_inferred":false,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA206/English/Singles/19210805p01.html","evidence":null,"reason":"no_translator_named","note":"Neither the lecture's own page nor rsarchive's lecture list names a translator for it. No translator is established for this lecture: nothing at the level of the lecture names one. Do not attribute this English to a translator, and do not borrow a credit from another lecture of the volume. Cite the German for anything load-bearing.","warning":"No translator is recorded for this edition. An unattributed translation cannot be weighed as a witness: you cannot tell which hand made the choices in it. Cite the German for anything load-bearing."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 206/1921-08-05/p020"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. 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