{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 227/1923-08-22/p016","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"When people to-day wish to know something, they turn to earthly objects and processes. They observe these and from their observations they work out laws of nature. They also make experiments to bring to light the secrets of nature, and the results of their experiments are further laws. Thus they come to laws of a certain type, and this they call science. Then they turn their gaze to the vastness of the heavens; they see—let us say—the wonderful spiral nebulae, where they see individual cosmic bodies emerging, and so on. To-day we photograph such things and see much more detail than telescopic observation can give. Now how do astronomers proceed to learn what is going on in those far celestial spaces? They turn to the laws of nature, laws founded on earthly conditions and earthly experiments, and then start speculating as to how, in conformity with those laws, a spiral nebula could have taken form in distant space. They form hypotheses and theories about the arising and passing away of worlds by treating facts discovered in their laboratories about manganese, oxygen, hydrogen, as laws that still hold good in heavenly spheres. When by such means a new substance is discovered, unconscious indications are sometimes given that science here is not on firm ground. Hydrogen has been found everywhere in the vastness of space, and helium, for example; and another substance that has been given a curious name, curious because it points to the confused thinking that comes in. It has been called nebulium. Thinking itself becomes nebulous here, for we find nebulium in company with helium and hydrogen. When people are so simple that they apply as laws of nature knowledge acquired in earthly laboratories, and indulge in speculation about what goes on outside in the wide realms of space, after the manner of the Swedish thinker Arrhenius [Svante August Arrhenius, a pioneer of modern physical chemistry; gained Nobel prize for his work on electrical conduction in dilute solutions. In one of his books, *Das Werden der Welten*, 1907 (English translation, Worlds in the Making, 1908), he suggested the name “nebulium” for a hypothetical gas represented by certain then unidentified lines in the spectra of gaseous nebulae. In 1927 it was shown that the lines are due to singly and doubly ionised atoms of oxygen.]—who has done untold harm in this connection—they are bound to fall from one error into another, if they are unable to consider without prejudice the following.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"4. Dream Life","site_heading":null,"date":"1923-08-22","location":null,"word_count":411,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/227/1923-08-22/p016","alignment_confidence":"medium","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Violet E. Watkin and Charles Davy","identified_edition":"RSP1966","book_title":"The Evolution of Consciousness","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA227/English/RSP1966/19230822p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/227/1923-08-22/p016"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/227/1923-08-22/p016","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1923-08-22","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 227/1923-08-22/p018","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/227/1923-08-22/p018"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["reader"],"reader_german":["GA 227/1923-08-22/p018"],"length_check":{"de_words":358,"en_words":411,"ratio":1.15,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 227/1923-08-22/p018","passage_number":18,"text":"Die Menschen nehmen heute, wenn sie etwas wissen wollen, die irdischen Dinge und irdischen Vorgänge. Sie beobachten sie und schließen aus den Beobachtungen auf Naturgesetze. Sie machen wohl auch Experimente, um der Natur ihre Geheimnisse abzulauschen, und lassen sich aus dem, was die Experimente ergeben, wiederum ihre Naturgesetze offenbaren. Und so kommt man auf eine bestimmte Art von Gesetzen, die man dann seine Wissenschaft nennt. Und dann blickt man hinaus in die Himmelsweiten. Man sieht in den Himmelsweiten, sagen wir, die wunderbaren Spiralnebel, sieht in diesen Spiralnebeln einzelne Weltenkörper entstehen und dergleichen. Man nimmt diese Dinge heute selbst durch die photographische Methode auf, die noch viel genauer die Sachen zeigt als die gewöhnliche Beobachtung durch das Teleskop oder dergleichen. Und was tut man dann, um Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen über dasjenige, was da in den räumlichen Himmelsweiten vor sich geht? Man nimmt die Naturgesetze der Erde, dasjenige, was man von der Erde aus geschlossen hat, was man da erexperimentiert hat, das nimmt man, und dann spekuliert man darüber nach, wie nach denselben Naturgesetzen sich solch ein Spiralnebel in Raumesfernen gebildet haben könnte. Man macht Hypothesen und Theorien über Weltentstehung und Weltuntergang, um dasjenige, was man in seinem Laboratorium an dem Erdmangan, Erdensauerstoff, Wasserstoff entdeckt hat, als Naturgesetze anzuwenden auf die Himmelssphäre. Und wenn man dabei neue Stoffe entdeckt, so macht man ja zuweilen so unbewußte Andeutungen, daß man da in recht zweifelhaftes wissenschaftliches Getriebe hineinkommt. Man hat da überall Wasserstoff gefunden in den Raumesweiten, Helium zum Beispiel, aber man hat noch einen anderen Stoff gefunden, der hat einen sonderbaren Namen, sonderbar, weil er schon etwas hindeutet auf die Verwirrung des Denkens, die da eintritt. Er heißt nämlich Nebulium. Es wird das Denken da nebelhaft, daher dieses Nebulium neben dem Helium, neben dem Wasserstoff. Wenn man so einfach dasjenige, was man in seinem Erdenlaboratorium als Naturgesetze erkundet hat, anwendet, und nun auf die Art zum Beispiel des schwedischen Denkers Arrhenius, der in dieser Beziehung wirklich unendlich viel Unheil angerichtet hat, nachspekuliert, was da draußen in räumlichen Weiten vor sich gehen könne, dann muß man notwendigerweise in Irrtum über Irrtum hineinkommen, wenn man das Folgende nicht in unbefangener Art betrachten kann.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":358,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/227/1923-08-22/p018"}],"english":["GA 227/1923-08-22/p016"],"method":"reader","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":358,"en_words":411,"ratio":1.15,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["reader"],"reader_german":["GA 227/1923-08-22/p018"]},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":0.92,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":5015,"original_word_count":5460,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Violet E. Watkin and Charles Davy","identified_edition":"RSP1966","book_title":"The Evolution of Consciousness","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA227/English/RSP1966/19230822p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 227/1923-08-22/p018"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}