{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 251/1917-06-10/p027-p028","extent":"range","passage_number":27,"through":28,"paragraph_count":2,"first_locus":"GA 251/1917-06-10/p027","last_locus":"GA 251/1917-06-10/p028","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"title":"25. Disciplining Humanity as it Becomes Younger","date":"1917-06-10","location":null,"alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The History of the Anthroposophical Society 1913–1922","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA251/English/SOL2024/19170610s01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). 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It was the time when the spirits of the higher hierarchies, who had worked directly through the elements and their forces in the earth, had withdrawn from direct human observation and human experience. The Greeks and Romans remained capable of development only into their thirties, into the middle of life. This is certainly connected with the whole view of life of the Greeks and Romans, which I have already touched on. On the one hand, we are entering an age in which every human being is still so close to those ancient times when people had a connection to the spiritual world because they were able to develop into old age. This is why the Greeks — and this must be know today if you want to judge the Greeks - the Greeks felt that when they moved their hands, when they grew, when they thought, when they ate and drank, they were glowing with a soul; that there is soul in everything that is in them. To doubt that there is something spiritual in everything that is physically lived out would have been inconceivable to the Greeks. But if a Greek or a Roman wanted to know more about the spiritual world, they had to seek this knowledge through the mysteries. There, indeed, one could still acquire the ability to see into the spiritual world, but it is quite interesting to consider those Greeks who rose to the heights of spiritual development but were not initiated into the mysteries, such as Aristotle. He was one of the greatest thinkers of all time. He was a thinker of this Greek period. He was able to think what only a Greek could think, but he did so in the sharpest way. That is to say, it was clear to him that the human being as a physical being had to be connected to a soul and spirit. But now Aristotle said to himself: If I take away one arm of a human being, he is no longer a whole human being. If I take away two arms, even less. But if I take away the whole body, as happens at death, then he is certainly no longer a whole human being. Therefore, for Aristotle, the human soul, when it has passed through the gate of death, is no longer “a whole human being”. For Aristotle, a whole human being is, of course, made up of body and soul. In a sense, the soul is only an incomplete human being when it has passed through the gate of death. Aristotle defended the immortality of the soul philosophically, but for him it is only what it was for Homer, who said: “Better a beggar in the underworld than a king in the realm of shadows.” A king in the realm of shadows is a soul among incomplete human souls.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":521,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/251/1917-06-10/p027","witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The History of the Anthroposophical Society 1913–1922","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA251/English/SOL2024/19170610s01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 251/1917-06-10/p027"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}},{"passage_number":28,"locus":"GA 251/1917-06-10/p028","text":"So it had come about, on the one hand, that human ideas, powers of perception, unfertilized powers of perception, as a result of humanity having regressed in its age to the 28th year, could no longer comprehend or could only comprehend that everything physical is filled with soul, but that the soul is not complete when it is separated from the body. But anyone who makes an effort to understand Aristotle will find that this is the correct interpretation, which could easily be proved philosophically. On the other hand, however, we see that in those days, real full humanity, what man actually is in his deepest being, can only be known through initiation into the mysteries.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":116,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/251/1917-06-10/p028","witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The History of the Anthroposophical Society 1913–1922","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA251/English/SOL2024/19170610s01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 251/1917-06-10/p028"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. 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Es war die Zeit, in der gewissermaßen der unmittelbaren Anschauung der Menschen, dem Miterleben der Menschen sich entzogen hatten die Geister der höheren Hierarchien, die unmittelbar durch die Elemente und ihre Kräfte in der Erde gewirkt hatten. Die Griechen, die Römer, sie blieben nur entwicklungsfähig bis in die Dreißigerjahre hinein, bis in die Lebensmitte. Das hängt allerdings zusammen mit der ganzen Lebensauffassung der Griechen und Römer, die ich ja auch schon berührt habe. Auf der einen Seite kommen wir in die Zeit hinein, in der jeder Mensch doch noch so nahesteht jenen alten Zeiten, in denen die Menschen dadurch, dass sie bis in die höheren Lebensalter hinein entwicklungsfähig geblieben waren, den Zusammenhang mit der geistigen Welt hatten, daher fühlte der Grieche —und das muss man heute wissen, wenn man das Griechentum beurteilen will -, daher fühlte der Grieche, wenn er die Hand bewegte, wenn er wächst, wenn er denkt, wenn er isst und trinkt, dass er da von einer Seele durchglüht ist; dass Seele in allem ist, was an ihm ist. Zweifeln daran, dass in allem, was sich körperlich-leiblich auslebt, Seelisches steckt, das wäre für den Griechen noch ein Unding gewesen. Aber, wollte ein Grieche, ein Römer mehr wissen von der geistigen Welt, so musste er dieses Wissen durch die Mysterien suchen. Da konnte man allerdings das Schauen in die geistige Welt sich noch erwerben, aber ganz interessant ist es ja, solche Griechen zu betrachten, die auf die Höhe der Geistesentwicklung gestiegen sind, die aber nicht in die Mysterien eingeweiht waren, wie zum Beispiel Aristoteles. Er war einer der größten Denker aller Zeiten. Er war ein Denker dieser Griechenzeit. Er konnte das denken, was nur ein Grieche denken konnte, aber das in der schärfsten Weise. Das heißt, für ihn war klar: Der Mensch als Leibeswesen musste zusammenhängen mit einem Seelisch-Geistigen. Aber nun sagte sich Aristoteles: Wenn ich einem Menschen einen Arm wegnehme, ist er nicht mehr ein ganzer Mensch. Wenn ich ihm zwei Arme abnehme, noch weniger. Wenn ich ihm aber wegnehme den ganzen Leib, wie es im Tode geschieht, dann ist er erst recht nicht ein ganzer Mensch. Daher ist für Aristoteles die menschliche Seele, wenn sie durch die Pforte des Todes gegangen ist, nicht mehr «ein ganzer Mensch». Ein ganzer Mensch ist selbstredend für Aristoteles bestehend aus Leib und Seele. Die Seele ist in gewisser Beziehung nur ein unvollständiger Mensch, wenn sie durch die Pforte des Todes gegangen ist. Aristoteles verteidigte die Unsterblichkeit der Seele philosophisch, aber sie ist ihm nur das, was sie für Homer war, der sagte: Besser ein Bettler in der Unterwelt als ein König im Reiche der Schatten. Ein König im Reiche der Schatten ist eine Seele unter unvollständigen Menschenseelen.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":485,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/251/1917-06-10/p027"},{"locus":"GA 251/1917-06-10/p028","passage_number":28,"text":"So war es gekommen, auf der einen Seite, dass menschliche Ideen, Erkenntniskräfte, unbefruchtete Erkenntniskräfte, dadurch dass die Menschheit zurückgegangen war in ihrem Lebensalter bis zum 28. Jahr, nicht mehr begreifen konnten oder nur mehr begreifen konnten, dass alles Leibliche von Seele erfüllt ist, dass aber die Seele nicht vollständig ist, wenn sie vom Leibe getrennt ist. Wer aber sich Mühe gibt, Aristoteles zu verstehen, der wird schon finden, dass das die richtige Interpretation ist, was leicht auch philosophisch erwiesen werden könnte. Auf der anderen Seite sehen wir aber, wie in jener Zeit von der wirklichen vollen Menschlichkeit, von dem, was eigentlich der Mensch in seinem tiefsten Wesen ist, nur gewusst werden kann durch die Einweihung, durch die Initiation in die Mysterien.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":121,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/251/1917-06-10/p028"}],"beads":[{"from":[27],"to":[27],"confidence":"high"},{"from":[28],"to":[28],"confidence":"high"}],"note":"Paired by the paragraph aligner; each language numbers its own paragraphs. 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