{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 30/e01/p066","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"To what consequences the view of His leads may best be seen from his theory as to the orbital lobule, by which the so-called “rudimentary organs” of the organism were to be explained. These are parts which are present in the organism without possessing any sort of significance for its life. Thus man has a fold of skin at the inner corner of his eye which is without any purpose for the functions of the organ of sight. He possesses also muscles corresponding to those by which certain animals can move their ears at will. Yet most people cannot move their ears. Some animals possess eyes which are covered over with a skin and thus cannot serve for seeing. His explains these organs as being such, to which “up to the present it has not been possible to assign any physiological role, analogous to the snippets, which, in cutting out a dress, cannot be avoided even with the most economical use of the stuff.” The evolution theory gives the only possible explanation of them. They are inherited from remote ancestors, in whom they subserved a useful purpose. Animals which to-day live underground and have no seeing eyes, descend from such ancestors as once lived in the light and needed eyes. In the course of many generations the conditions of life of such an organic stock have changed. The organisms have adapted themselves to the new conditions in which they can dispense with organs of sight. But these organs remain as heirlooms from an earlier stage of evolution; only in the course of time they have become atrophied, because they have not been used. These rudimentary organs[^9] form one of the strongest means of proof for the natural theory of evolution. If any deliberate intentions whatever had ruled in the building up of an organic form, whence came these purposeless parts? There is no other possible explanation of them, except that in the course of many generations they have gradually fallen into disuse.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"I. Haeckel and His Opponents","site_heading":null,"date":null,"location":null,"word_count":332,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/30/e01/p066","alignment_confidence":"medium","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"not_established","translator":null,"identified_edition":"TwoEssays","book_title":null,"publisher":null,"publisher_inferred":false,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Articles/GA030/English/TwoEssays/TwoEss_e01.html","evidence":null,"reason":"no_translator_named","note":"Neither the lecture's own page nor rsarchive's lecture list names a translator for it. No translator is established for this lecture: nothing at the level of the lecture names one. Do not attribute this English to a translator, and do not borrow a credit from another lecture of the volume. Cite the German for anything load-bearing."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/30/e01/p066","paragraph_aligned":true}],"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"e01","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 30/e01/p043","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/30/e01/p043"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":290,"en_words":332,"ratio":1.14,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 30/e01/p043","passage_number":43,"text":"Zu welchen Konsequenzen die Anschauung von His führt, zeigt sich am besten an seiner «Höhlenlappen-Theorie». Durch sie sollen die sogenannten «rudimentären Organe» des Organismus erklärt werden. Es sind dies Teile, die am Organismus vorhanden sind, ohne daß sie für das Leben desselben irgendwelche Bedeutung haben. So hat der Mensch am inneren Winkel seines Auges eine Haurfalte, die für die Verrichtungen seines Sehorgans ohne jeden Zweck ist. Er hat auch die Muskeln, welche denen entsprechen, durch die gewisse Tiere ihre Ohren willkürlich bewegen können. Dennoch können die meisten Menschen ihre Ohren nicht bewegen. Manche Tiere besitzen Augen, die von einer Haut bedeckt sind, also nicht zum Sehen dienen können. His erklärt diese Organe als solche, denen «bis jetzt keine physiologische Rolle sich hat zuteilen lassen, ... den Abfällen vergleichbar, welche beim Zuschneiden eines Kleides auch bei der sparsamsten Verwendung des Stoffes sich nicht völlig vermeiden lassen». Die Entwickelungstheorie gibt für sie die einzig mögliche Erklärung. Sie sind von den Voreltern ererbt. Bei diesen hatten sie ihren guten Zweck. Tiere, die heute unter der Erde leben und nicht sehende Augen haben, stammen von solchen Ahnen ab, die im Lichte lebten und Augen brauchten. Im Laufe vieler Generationen haben sich die Lebensverhältnisse eines solchen organischen Stammes geändert. Die Lebewesen haben sich den neuen Verhältnissen angepaßt, in denen ihnen die Sehorgane entbehrlich sind. Aber diese sind als Erbstücke aus einer früheren Entwickelungsstufe geblieben, nur sind sie im Laufe der Zeit verkümmert, weil sie nicht gebraucht wurden. Diese rudimentären Organe[^10] sind eines der stärksten Beweismittel für die natürliche Entwickelungstheorie. Wenn beim Aufbau einer organischen Form irgendwelche zwecksetzende Absichten geherrscht hätten: woher kämen diese unzweckmäßigen Teile? Es gibt für sie keine andere mögliche Erklärung, als daß sie im Laufe vieler Generationen allmählich außer Gebrauch gekommen sind.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":290,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/30/e01/p043"}],"english":["GA 30/e01/p066"],"method":"length","confidence":"medium","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":290,"en_words":332,"ratio":1.14,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.14,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":17236,"original_word_count":15055,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"not_established","translator":null,"identified_edition":"TwoEssays","book_title":null,"publisher":null,"publisher_inferred":false,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Articles/GA030/English/TwoEssays/TwoEss_e01.html","evidence":null,"reason":"no_translator_named","note":"Neither the lecture's own page nor rsarchive's lecture list names a translator for it. No translator is established for this lecture: nothing at the level of the lecture names one. Do not attribute this English to a translator, and do not borrow a credit from another lecture of the volume. Cite the German for anything load-bearing.","warning":"No translator is recorded for this edition. An unattributed translation cannot be weighed as a witness: you cannot tell which hand made the choices in it. Cite the German for anything load-bearing."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 30/e01/p043"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"medium","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}