{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p011-p014","extent":"range","passage_number":11,"through":14,"paragraph_count":4,"first_locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p011","last_locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p014","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"title":"VIII. Modelling of Bodies","date":"1924-07-24","location":null,"alignment_confidence":"medium","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Vera Compton-Burnett","identified_edition":"RSP1971","book_title":"Human Values in Education","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA310/English/RSP1971/19240724a01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.16,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":5667,"original_word_count":4880,"may_be_abridged":false},"site_heading":null,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p011-p014","json_url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p011-p014.json","lecture_url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/310/1924-07-24_02#p011","word_count":1002,"quote_safe":true,"passages":[{"passage_number":11,"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p011","text":"But all these things will be approached in the right way if only the teacher has the right feeling and attitude towards them. It is important to understand clearly that every training college should in fact be so constituted that its curriculum should run parallel with medical studies at a university. The first approach should lead to the intellectual understanding which can be gained from a study of the corpse; this should lead further to an artistic understanding of form, and it can only be acquired when, side by side with the study of physical anatomy, the student practises modelling. This again should lead to a musical understanding. For a true knowledge of man is not attained unless there is added to the earlier medical studies a comprehension of the part music plays in the world. During his college training the student teacher should acquire an understanding of music, not in a purely external way, but inwardly, so that he is able by means of this inner perception to see music everywhere. Music is truly everywhere in the world; one only has to find it. If however we wish to obtain an understanding of the ego-organisation it is essential to master and make one's own the inner nature and structure of some language.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":213,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p011","unit_kind":{"kind":"second_lecture_same_day","base_unit":"GA 310/1924-07-24","note":"Another lecture given on the same date as 1924-07-24; the suffix only separates two lectures of one day."},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1924-07-24_02","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p013","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p013"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":159,"en_words":213,"ratio":1.34,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Vera Compton-Burnett","identified_edition":"RSP1971","book_title":"Human Values in Education","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA310/English/RSP1971/19240724a01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p013"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"medium","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}},{"passage_number":12,"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p012","text":"So you see, we understand the physical body with the intellect, the etheric body through an understanding of form, the astral body through an understanding of music; while the ego, on the other hand, can only be grasped by means of a deep and penetrating understanding of language. It is just here, however, that we are particularly badly off today, for there is a great deal we do not know. Let us take an example from the German language. In German something is described that rests quietly on our body, is round and has eyes and nose in front. It is called in German *Kopf*, in Italian *testa*. We take a dictionary and find that the translation of *Kopf* is *testa*. But that is purely external and superficial. It is not even true. The following is true. Out of a feeling for the vowels and consonants contained in the word *Kopf*, for instance, I experience the *o* quite definitely as a form which I could draw: it is, as eurythmists know, the rounded form which in front is developed into nose and mouth. We find in this combination of sounds, if we will only let ourselves experience it, everything that is given in the form of the head. So, if we wish to express this form, we make use of larynx and lungs and pronounce the sounds approximating to K-o-pf. But now we can say: In the head there is something which enables one person to speak to another. There is a means of communication. We can impart to another person the content of something which we wish to make known—a will or testament for instance.—If you want to describe the head, not in relation to its round form, but as that which imparts information, which defines clearly what one wishes to communicate, then language out of its own nature gives you the means of doing so. Then you say *testa*. You give a name to that which imparts something when you say *testa*; you give a name to the rounded form when you say *Kopf*. If the Italian wanted to describe roundness, he too would say *Kopf*; and likewise, if the German wanted to express communication, he would say *testa*. But both the Italian and the German have become accustomed to expressing in language something different, for it is not possible to express totally different things in a single word. Therefore we do not say exactly the same thing when we speak the word *testa* or *Kopf*. The languages are different because their words express different things.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":428,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p012","unit_kind":{"kind":"second_lecture_same_day","base_unit":"GA 310/1924-07-24","note":"Another lecture given on the same date as 1924-07-24; the suffix only separates two lectures of one day."},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1924-07-24_02","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p014","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p014"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":370,"en_words":428,"ratio":1.16,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Vera Compton-Burnett","identified_edition":"RSP1971","book_title":"Human Values in Education","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA310/English/RSP1971/19240724a01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p014"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"medium","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}},{"passage_number":13,"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p013","text":"Now let us try to enter into the way in which a member of a particular nation lives with the language of his folk-soul. The German way of living in his language is a way of plastic formation. German language is really the language of sculptural contemplation. That has come about in German because in the whole evolution of speech German is a further continuation of the Greek element up into Central Europe. If you study Italian and the Romance languages in general you find the whole configuration is such that they are developed out of the motor function of the soul. They are not contemplative. Italian has formed itself out of an internal dancing, an internal singing, out of the soul's participation in the whole organism of the body. From this we see how the ego stands within the substance of the Folk-Soul; through making a study of the inner connections, the inner make-up of language, we learn to know how the ego works.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":165,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p013","unit_kind":{"kind":"second_lecture_same_day","base_unit":"GA 310/1924-07-24","note":"Another lecture given on the same date as 1924-07-24; the suffix only separates two lectures of one day."},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1924-07-24_02","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p015","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p015"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":153,"en_words":165,"ratio":1.08,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Vera Compton-Burnett","identified_edition":"RSP1971","book_title":"Human Values in Education","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA310/English/RSP1971/19240724a01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p015"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"medium","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}},{"passage_number":14,"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p014","text":"This is why it is necessary for the teacher to acquire not only a feeling for music, but an inner feeling for language—taking as a starting point the fact that in the more modern languages we have only retained soul experiences, experiences of feeling, in the interjections. For instance, when in German we say “etsch!”—it is as though someone had slipped and fallen and we want to express this, together with the amusement it has caused. In the interjections we still have something in language which is felt. In other respects language has become abstract, it hovers above things, no longer lives in them. It must, however, again become living and real. We must learn to wrestle with language, we must feel our ego going right through the sounds. Then we shall feel that it is something different whether we say *Kopf* and thereby have the feeling that we should like to draw the form of the head straight away, or whether we say *testa* and immediately have the feeling that we want to dance. It is just this feeling one's way into the activities of life which must be developed quite specially in the teacher.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":196,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p014","unit_kind":{"kind":"second_lecture_same_day","base_unit":"GA 310/1924-07-24","note":"Another lecture given on the same date as 1924-07-24; the suffix only separates two lectures of one day."},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1924-07-24_02","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p016","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p016"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":175,"en_words":196,"ratio":1.12,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Vera Compton-Burnett","identified_edition":"RSP1971","book_title":"Human Values in Education","publisher":"Rudolf Steiner Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA310/English/RSP1971/19240724a01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p016"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"medium","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}],"witnesses":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"first_passage":1,"last_passage":25,"passage_count":25,"word_count":4880},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"first_passage":1,"last_passage":23,"passage_count":23,"word_count":5667,"completeness":{"ratio":1.16,"band":"comparable","note":null}}],"aligned_witness":{"status":"aligned","lang":"de","edition":"original","confidence":"medium","passages":[{"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p013","passage_number":13,"text":"Aber alle diese Dinge werden recht, wenn auch die rechte Gesinnung dafür im Lehrer lebt. Wenn man so sich darüber klar ist, daß eigentlich jede Seminarbildung darin bestehen müßte, sozusagen parallel zu gehen mit der medizinischen Universität, die nun auch zuerst führen sollte zum intellektuellen Verständnis, das man an der Leiche gewinnt; dann zum plastischen Verständnis, das man aber nicht gewinnt, wenn man nicht neben dem physikalisch-anatomischen Verständnis später Modellieren treibt; dann sollte sie führen zum musikalischen Verständnis. Denn eine wirkliche Menschenerkenntnis gewinnt man nicht, wenn man nicht zu dem früheren medizinischen Studium musikalisches Verständnis in sich aufnimmt, wie es in der Welt wirkt; nicht nur äußerlich, sondern innerlich müßte man auch in der Seminarbildung in das Musikverständnis hineinkommen und es anwenden, um überall Musik zu sehen. Sie ist ja überall in der Welt, wenn man sie nur finden kann. Will man nun aber die Ich-Organisation verstehen, so muß man unbedingt das innere Gefüge irgendeiner Sprache in sich tragen.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":159,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p013"},{"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p014","passage_number":14,"text":"Also wir begreifen den physischen Leib mit dem Verstande, den ätherischen Leib mit dem plastischen Verständnis, den astralischen Leib mit dem musikalischen Verständnisse, die Ich-Organisation dagegen mit einem durchdringenden Sprachverständnisse. Aber damit steht es heute besonders schlecht. Da weiß man vieles gar nicht. Man schaut heute zum Beispiel nach, wie in irgendeiner Sprache, zum Beispiel in der deutschen, dieses Ding bezeichnet wird, das ruhig auf unserem Leib droben sitzt, dieses runde Ding, das vorne Augen und eine Nase hat. Es wird im Deutschen als Kopf bezeichnet, im Italienischen als testa. Man nimmt das Lexikon und weiß, die Übersetzung von Kopf ist testa. Aber das ist ja nur eine Äußerlichkeit, eine Oberflächlichkeit. Denn so ist es ja gar nicht wahr. Wahr an der Sache ist, daß ich, aus der Empfindung des Vokalischen und Konsonantischen in dem Worte Kopf zum Beispiel das o in einer bestimmten Weise zeichnend empfinde: es ist, die Eurythmiker wissen das, die Rundung, die nach vorn sich auslebt in Nase und Mund. In dem Lautgefüge liegt alles drinnen, wenn man es erleben will, was in der Form des Kopfes gegeben ist. Wenn also einer die Form des Kopfes ausdrücken will, so sagt er annähernd, je nach seiner Kehlkopf- oder Lungenorganisation, K-o-pf. Aber nun können wir sagen: Da im Kopfe sitzt das, was von einem Menschen zum andern spricht, wodurch ein Mensch dem andern die Dinge mitteilt, das Innere der Sache dem andern übergibt, das, was Sie zum Beispiel jemandem übergeben, im Testament haben, kundgeben, aussagen, festsetzen. - Wenn Sie den Kopf als den Festsetzer, den Mitteiler, nicht als den runden Gegenstand, sondern als den, der die Sprache von sich gibt, benennen wollen, dann sagen Sie testa. Sie benennen den Mitteiler, wenn Sie testa sagen; Sie benennen die Rundung, wenn Sie Kopf sagen. Wenn der Italiener würde die Rundung bezeichnen wollen, so würde er auch Kopf sagen, und wenn der Deutsche Mitteiler oder Festsetzer sagen wollte, so würde er auch testa sagen. Aber beide haben sich angewöhnt, etwas anderes in der Sprache zu benennen; denn es gibt gar keine Möglichkeit, die Dinge auf verschiedene Weise auszudrücken. Man sagt daher etwas anderes, wenn man testa oder Kopf sagt. Die Sprachen sind verschieden, weil sie verschiedene Inhalte mit ihren Worten bezeichnen.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":370,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p014"},{"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p015","passage_number":15,"text":"Nun versetze man sich ganz hinein in die Art, wie jemand aus seiner Volksindividualität heraus in der Sprache lebt, wie der Deutsche zum Beispiel ganz in der Sprache lebt, indem er plastisch die Sprache bildet. Die deutsche Sprache ist einfach die Sprache für die plastische Anschauung. Das ist in der deutschen Sprache dadurch zum Ausdruck gekommen, daß sie sich bei der Sprachentwickelung über das Griechische herauf nach Mitteleuropa herein entwickelt hat. Wenn Sie die italienische Sprache studieren, so ist sie ganz daraufhin angelegt, sich aus dem Motorisch-Seelischen zu entwickeln, wie die romanischen Sprachen überhaupt. Sie schauen nicht an. Die deutsche Sprache ist eine solche, die aus der Anschauung herausgebildet ist; die italienische hat sich gebildet aus dem inneren Tanzen, dem inneren Singen, aus dem Sich-Mitteilen in der Organisation. Daran sieht man die Art und Weise, wie das Ich in der Volkssubstanz drinnensteht; da lernt man an dem Sprachgefüge, wie das Ich eigentlich wirkt.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":153,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p015"},{"locus":"GA 310/1924-07-24_02/p016","passage_number":16,"text":"Daher ist es schon notwendig, daß sich der Lehrer nicht nur Musikgefühl, sondern inneres Sprachgefühl aneigne - von da ausgehend, daß wir eigentlich in den neueren Sprachen nur noch in den Empfindungslauten Gefühls- und Seelenerlebnisse haben. Wenn wir zum Beispiel im Deutschen sagen «etsch!», so ist das etwas, wie wenn jemand ausgeglitten, hingefallen ist, und wie wenn er ausdrücken wollte das Hinfallen, worüber wir uns lustig machen. In den Empfindungslauten haben wir noch etwas von dem, was in der Sprache gefühlt wird. Sonst ist die Sprache abstrakt geworden, schwebt so über den Dingen, lebt nicht mehr in den Dingen. Aber man muß mit der Sprache wieder in sie hineinkommen. Man muß ringen lernen mit der Sprache, man muß sein Ich durch die Laute durchgehen fühlen. Dann wird man fühlen, wie es etwas anderes ist, ob man Kopf sagt, wobei man, wenn man es fühlt, gleich zeichnen möchte, oder ob man testa sagt, wobei man, wenn man es fühlt, gleich tanzen möchte. Das ist eben dieses Sich-Hineinfühlen in die Lebensbetätigungen, das insbesondere beim Lehrer herauskommen muß.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":175,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/310/1924-07-24_02/p016"}],"beads":[{"from":[11],"to":[13],"confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed"},{"from":[12],"to":[14],"confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed"},{"from":[13],"to":[15],"confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed"},{"from":[14],"to":[16],"confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed"}],"note":"Paired by the paragraph aligner; each language numbers its own paragraphs. A bead at either end of the span can carry text beyond it (the `from` numbers show what each bead covers)."}}