{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 326/1922-12-27/p009","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Thus the Copernican world conception came into being, the projection of the cosmic center from the earth to the sun. Fundamentally, the whole cosmic thought edifice of Giordano Bruno,[^1] who was born in 1548 and burned at the stake in Rome in 1600, was already contained in the Copernican world view. It is often said that Giordano Bruno glorifies the modern view of nature, glorifies Copernicanism. One must have deep insight into the inner necessity with which this new cosmology arose if one is to have any feeling at all for the manner and tone in which Giordano Bruno speaks and writes. Then one sees that Giordano Bruno does not sound like the followers of the new view or like the stragglers of the old view. He really does not speak about the cosmos mathematically so much as lyrically. There is something musical in the way Giordano Bruno describes the modern conception of nature. Why is that? The reason is that Giordano Bruno, though he was rooted with his whole soul in a bygone world perception, told himself with his outward intellect: The way things have turned out in history, we cannot but accept the Copernican world picture. He understood the absolute necessity that had been brought about by evolution. This Copernican world view, however, was not something he had worked out for himself. It was something given to him, and which he found appropriate for his contemporaries. Belonging as he did to an older world conception, he could not help but experience inwardly what he had to perceive and accept as knowledge. He still had the faculty of inner experience, but he did not have scientific forms for it. Therefore although he described them so wonderfully, he did not follow the Copernican directions of thought in the manner of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, or Newton.[^2] Instead, he tried to experience the cosmos in the old way, the way that was suitable when the world cosmos was experienced within one's being. But in order to do this, mathematics would have had to be also mysticism, inward experience, in the way I described yesterday. This it could not be for Giordano Bruno. The time for it was past. Hence, his attempt to enter the new cosmology through living experience became an experience, not of knowledge but of poetry, or at least partially so. This fact lends Giordano's works their special coloring. The atom is still a monad; in his writings, it is still something alive. The sum of cosmic laws retains a soul quality, but not because he experienced the soul in all the smallest details as did the ancient mystics, and not because he experienced the mathematical laws of the cosmos as the intentions of the spirit. No, it was because he roused himself to wonder at this new cosmology and to glorify it poetically in a pseudo-scientific form. Giordano Bruno is truly something like a connecting link between two world conceptions, the present one and the ancient one that lasted into the fifteenth century. Man today can form scarcely any idea of the latter. All cosmic aspects were then still experienced by man, who did not yet differentiate between the subject within himself and the cosmic object outside. The two were still as one; man did not speak of the three dimensions in space, sundered from the orientation within his own body and appearing as above-below, right-left, and forward-backward.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Lecture IV","site_heading":"Mathematics Severed from Human Experience: The Birth of Modern Science","site_heading_note":"A heading the site wrote for this unit from a summary of it; not in the edition, and not the words of Rudolf Steiner or of the translator. Cite the unit by its title and locus, never by this heading, and do not quote it.","date":"1922-12-27","location":null,"word_count":569,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/326/1922-12-27/p009","alignment_confidence":"medium","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Maria St. Goar","identified_edition":"AP1985","book_title":"The Origins of Natural Science","publisher":"Anthroposophic Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA326/English/AP1985/19221227p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/326/1922-12-27/p009"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/326/1922-12-27/p009","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1922-12-27","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 326/1922-12-27/p008","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/326/1922-12-27/p008"}],"bead_confidence":"medium","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":616,"en_words":569,"ratio":0.92,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. 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Man muß es doch bemerken, daß Giordano Bruno in seinen Schriften ganz anders redet als irgendwie sowohl die Anhänger der neuen, wie die Nachzügler der alten, bisher gebräuchlichen naturwissenschaftlichen Darstellungsweise. Man möchte sagen, Giordano Bruno redet eigentlich gar nicht mathematisch, er redet eher lyrisch über das Weltenall. Man möchte etwas Musikalisches finden in der Art und Weise, wie oftmals hinreißend Giordano Bruno die moderne Naturanschauungsweise in Worte kleidet. Warum ist das? Das ist aus dem Grunde, weil Giordano Bruno in der Tat eigentlich mit seinem ganzen inneren Wesen in einer älteren Weltempfindung wurzelt und sich mit seinem äußeren Verstande sagt: So wie die Dinge nun einmal in der Menschheitsentwickelung geworden sind, können wir gar nicht anders, als das kopernikanische Weltanschauungsbild akzeptieren. Er verstand eben die Notwendigkeit, die durch die Zeitentwickelung für die Menschheit gegeben war. Aber, ich möchte sagen, an ihn trat dieses kopernikanische Weltbild eigentlich nicht heran als ein Selbsterarbeitetes, sondern als etwas, was ihm gegeben war, was er fand als das den Zeitgenossen Angemessene. Er konnte aber nicht anders, weil er eben mit seinem Inneren einer älteren Weltempfindung angehörte, als dasjenige, was er erkennen sollte, was er als Erkenntnis akzeptieren sollte, innerlich zu erleben. Er hatte noch das innerliche Erleben. Wissenschaftliche Formen dieses innerlichen Erlebens hatte er noch nicht. Und so verfolgt er eigentlich die Gedankengänge des kopernikanischen Systems, die er so wunderbar darstellt, nicht so, wie sie Kopernikus, wie sie etwa Galilei oder Kepler oder andere verfolgt haben, oder gar Newton, sondern er verfolgte sie so, daß er versuchte, ganz nach alter Art, wo man den ganzen Kosmos in sich selber miterlebt hat, das nun auch mitzuerleben. Aber um in der alten Weise den Kosmos mitzuerleben, mußte die Mathematik zugleich Mystik sein, wie ich gestern darstellte, mußte zugleich innerliches Erlebnis sein. Das konnte sie für Giordano Bruno nicht. Dafür war die Zeit vorüber. Und so wurde das Miterleben nicht eigentlich ein wissendes Miterleben, es wurde ein poetisches Miterleben oder wenigstens ein halb poetisches Miterleben. Das gibt den Giordanoschen Schriften ihre Diktion. Der Atomismus ist noch eine Monadologie, das Atom ist noch etwas Lebendes bei ihm. Die Summe der kosmischen Gesetze hat noch etwas Seelenhaftes, aber nicht, weil er im Sinne eines alten Mystikers das Seelenhafte bis hinein ins Kleinste wirklich menschlich miterlebt hätte oder die mathematische Gesetzmäßigkeit des Kosmos als die Intention des Geistes miterlebt hätte, sondern weil er sich poetisch aufraffte, um dasjenige, was einmal, weil es äußerlich geworden war, auch nur äußerlich gegeben werden konnte, um das zu bewundern und in Bewunderung wissenschaftsähnlich zu glorifizieren. Es ist wirklich in dieser Persönlichkeit des Giordano Bruno etwas wie ein Eckpfeiler der beiden Weltanschauungen, der gegenwärtigen und derjenigen, von der sich der Mensch heute kaum noch einen Begriff macht, die bis ins 15. Jahrhundert hineingeht und in der noch in einer gewissen Weise alles dasjenige vom Menschen miterlebt wird, was kosmisch ist, so daß der Mensch noch nicht einen Unterschied hat zwischen dem Subjekt in ihm und dem kosmischen Objekt draußen, daß beide eigentlich noch zusammenkommen, daß der Mensch noch nicht redet von den drei Raumdimensionen, abgesondert von seiner eigenen Orientierung im eigenen Leibe nach oben-unten, rechts-links, vorne-hinten.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":616,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/326/1922-12-27/p008"}],"english":["GA 326/1922-12-27/p009"],"method":"length","confidence":"medium","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":616,"en_words":569,"ratio":0.92,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.05,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":6036,"original_word_count":5743,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Maria St. Goar","identified_edition":"AP1985","book_title":"The Origins of Natural Science","publisher":"Anthroposophic Press","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA326/English/AP1985/19221227p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. 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