{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 33/06_arthur_schopenhauer/p002","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"The years 1781 and 1807 mark an era of fierce battles within the development of German science. In 1781, Kant woke his contemporaries from their philosophical slumber with his \"Critique of Pure Reason\" and presented them with riddles which the cognitive power of the nation's best minds endeavored to solve over the next quarter of a century. A philosophical excitement of the highest order can be observed among those involved in these intellectual battles. In rapid succession, one school of thought replaced another. The shallow intellectual clarity that had prevailed in the books of philosophical literature before Kant was replaced by scientific warmth, which gradually grew into the captivating eloquence of Fichte and the poetic verve with which Schelling was able to express scientific ideas. An examination of this intellectual movement reveals an incomparable intellectual wealth, but also a restless, hasty rush forward. Some ideas entered the public domain prematurely. The thinkers did not have the patience to allow their ideas to mature. This restless development ended with the publication of Georg Wilh. Friedr. Hegel's first major work, the \"Phenomenology of Spirit\", in 1807. Hegel did the last work on this book in Jena in the days when the terrible turmoil of war in 1806 broke over the city. The events of the following years were not conducive to philosophical battles. Hegel's book did not immediately make such a strong impression, challenging the minds to cooperate, as Fichte and Schelling did when they first appeared. But even their influence gradually waned. For both of them, the period of their activity at the University of Jenens was the most brilliant of their lives. Fichte taught at this university from 1794 to 1799, Schelling from 1798 to 1803. The former moved from Jena to Berlin because the accusation of atheism brought against him by envious and unreasonable people had brought him into conflict with the Weimar government. In the winter of 1804/s he gave his lectures on the \"Fundamentals of the Present Age\" in Berlin, in which he effectively advocated idealistic thinking, and in the winter of 1807/8 his famous \"Speeches to the German Nation\", which exerted a powerful influence on the strengthening of national sentiment. As a champion of national and liberal ideas, in the service of which he placed his thinking and his eloquence, he achieved a more powerful effect during this period than through the philosophical lectures he gave at the University of Berlin from its establishment in 1810 until his death in 1814. Schelling, who did not make the transition from philosophical to political activity, was soon completely forgotten after his time in Jenens. He moved to Würzburg in 1803 and then to Munich in 1806, where he worked on expanding his ideas, which few people were still interested in. At the end of the first decade of our century, there was no longer any sign of the lively philosophical debate that Kant's revolutionary act had provoked: Fichte and Schelling's time was over, Hegel's era had not yet dawned. Hegel led a quiet existence from 1806 to 1808 as editor of a Bamberg newspaper and then until 1816 as principal of the Nuremberg grammar school. His enormous influence on German intellectual life only began with his appointment to Berlin in 1818.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"6. Arthur Schopenhauer","site_heading":null,"date":null,"location":null,"word_count":543,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/33/06_arthur_schopenhauer/p002","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":null,"publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Articles/GA033/English/SOL2024/06_Arthur_Schopenhauer.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/33/06_arthur_schopenhauer/p002"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/33/06_arthur_schopenhauer/p002","paragraph_aligned":true}],"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 33/06_arthur_schopenhauer/p002","passage_number":2,"text":"Die Jahre 1781 und 1807 schließen ein Zeitalter harter Kämpfe innerhalb der deutschen Wissenschaftsentwickelung ein. 1781 weckte Kant mit der «Kritik der reinen Vernunft» seine Zeitgenossen aus dem philosophischen Schlummer und gab ihnen Rätsel auf, um deren Lösung sich die Erkenntniskraft der besten Geister der Nation während des folgenden Vierteljahrhunderts bemühte. Es ist eine philosophische Erregung höchsten Grades bei den an diesen Geisteskämpfen Beteiligten zu bemerken. In rascher Folge löste eine Ideenrichtung die andere ab. An die Stelle der seichten Verstandesklarheit, wie sie vor Kant in den Büchern der philosophischen Literatur geherrscht hatte, trat wissenschaftliche Wärme, die sich allmählich steigerte zur hinreißenden Beredsamkeit Fichtes und zu dem poetischen Schwung, mit dem Schelling die wissenschaftlichen Ideen zum Ausdruck zu bringen wußte. Die Betrachtung dieser geistigen Bewegung ergibt das Bild eines unvergleichlichen geistigen Reichtums, aber auch das eines unruhigen hastigen Vorwärtsstürmens. Manches Ideengebilde trat vorzeitig in die Öffentlichkeit. Die Denker hatten nicht die Geduld, ihre Ideen ausreifen zu lassen. Diese unruhige Entwickelung endigte mit dem Erscheinen von Georg Wilh. Friedr. Hegels erstem Hauptwerke, der «Phänomenologie des Geistes», im Jahre 1807. Hegel hat in Jena die letzte Arbeit an diesem Buche in den Tagen getan, als die furchtbaren Kriegswirrnisse des Jahre 1806 über diese Stadt hereinbrachen. Die Ereignisse der folgenden Jahre waren nicht geeignet zu philosophischen Kämpfen. Hegels Buch machte unmittelbar nicht einen solch starken, die Geister zur Mitarbeit herausfordernden Eindruck, wie ihn Fichte und Schelling bei ihrem ersten Auftreten hervorriefen. Aber auch deren Einfluß verlor sich allmählich. Für beide ist die Zeit ihrer Wirksamkeit an der Jenenser Universität die glänzendste ihres Lebens. Fichte lehrte an dieser Hochschule von 1794 bis 1799, Schelling von 1798 bis 1803. Der erstere siedelte von Jena nach Berlin über, weil ihn die von Neidern und Unverständigen erhobene Anklage wegen Atheismus mit der Weimarischen Regierung in Konflikt gebracht hatte. Im Winter 1804/s hielt er in Berlin seine Vorlesungen über die «Grundzüge des gegenwärtigen Zeitalters», in denen er für idealistische Denkungsweise wirkungsvoll eintrat, und im Winter 1807/8 seine berühmten «Reden an die deutsche Nation», die auf die Erstarkung des nationalen Gefühles einen mächtigen Einfluß übten. Als Vorkämpfer nationaler und freiheitlicher Ideen, in deren Dienst er sein Denken und seine Beredsamkeit stellte, erzielte er in dieser Zeit eine kräftigere Wirkung als durch die philosophischen Vorlesungen, die er an der Berliner Universität von deren Errichtung im Jahre 1810 bis zu seinem 1814 erfolgten Tode hielt. Schelling, der nicht den Übergang von der philosophischen zur politischen Wirksamkeit fand, geriet nach seiner Jenenser Zeit bald völlig in Vergessenheit. Er ging 1803 nach Würzburg, 1806 nach München, wo er an dem Ausbau seiner Ideen arbeitete, für die nur wenige noch Interesse zeigten. Am Ende des ersten Jahrzehnts unseres Jahrhunderts ist von der Lebhaftigkeit der philosophischen Diskussion, die Kants revolutionäre Tat hervorgerufen, nichts mehr zu verspüren: Fichtes und Schellings Zeit ist vorüber, Hegels Epoche noch nicht angebrochen. Dieser führt von 1806 bis 1808 als Redakteur einer Bamberger Zeitung und dann bis 1816 als Rektor des Nürnberger Gymnasiums ein stilles Dasein. Erst mit seiner Berufung nach Berlin im Jahre 1818 beginnt sein gewaltiger Einfluß auf das deutsche Geistesleben.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":512,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/33/06_arthur_schopenhauer/p002"}],"english":["GA 33/06_arthur_schopenhauer/p002"],"method":"identity","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":512,"en_words":543,"ratio":1.06,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","anchors","audit"]},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.08,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":10419,"original_word_count":9688,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":null,"publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Articles/GA033/English/SOL2024/06_Arthur_Schopenhauer.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 33/06_arthur_schopenhauer/p002"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. 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