{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 330/1919-04-28/p021-p024","extent":"range","passage_number":21,"through":24,"paragraph_count":4,"first_locus":"GA 330/1919-04-28/p021","last_locus":"GA 330/1919-04-28/p024","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"title":"IV. The Key Points of the Social Question in the Necessities of Life In the Present and the Future","date":"1919-04-28","location":null,"alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Reorganization of the Social Organism","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA330/English/SOL2024/19190428p02.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. 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Democracy has as its content everything in which all men are equal and to which no experience of life belongs. But experience of life is the element of economic life. The State must not concern itself with economic affairs. Its function is to lay down and regulate all those matters in which one human being is absolutely equal to another, and in which true democracy can prevail. These include, besides property rights, which you will find more fully explained in my book, above all labor law. In the future, the time, extent and type of work will have to be regulated by the state, which is independent of economic life, so that the worker, who is himself involved in this regulation, comes with a legally limited amount of work, with a working hours limited above all by labor law, when he enters the factory or workshop, before he concludes any kind of contract with a supervisor. Just as economic life, on the one hand, borders on the natural foundations of life and can only get by with a few technical measures, but is ultimately dependent on them, so economic life will, in the future, have to border on the other side of the firmly established labor law. It will no longer be possible to determine wages according to the utility value of goods, as is still essentially the case in our economic system today. All prosperity, all production within economic life will only be able to be shaped as a consequence of what is determined by the state as labor law, just as economic life can only be developed as dependent on natural resources. You can read more about this in my book “The Key Aspects of the Social Question in the Necessities of Life Today and in the Future”. We are now coming to the second of the key aspects of the social question, the regulation of labor law by separating economic life from state life.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":366,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/330/1919-04-28/p021","witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Reorganization of the Social Organism","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA330/English/SOL2024/19190428p02.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 330/1919-04-28/p021"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}},{"passage_number":22,"locus":"GA 330/1919-04-28/p022","text":"The third of the core issues of the social question is the economic question itself. This finds its regulation when this economic life, realistically wedged between the two boundaries just described, is regulated within these boundaries by purely economic forces, the forces of the professional classes, by the forces of production and consumption through cooperatives and the like, in a completely independent manner from the legal and intellectual life. There is no more time today to go into detail - that can be done in the next lecture - about how the emancipated economic life can then bring about what prosperity will depend on labor law, and also on property law, but in a healthy dependence on it and, above all, in a morally necessary dependence, as it is on the other side in a natural dependence. In detail, however, it will be necessary for the other two areas of the social organism, the spiritual and the legal-state, to supply their strengths to economic life. But they will supply them precisely when they develop in the right way on their own ground.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":182,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/330/1919-04-28/p022","witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Reorganization of the Social Organism","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA330/English/SOL2024/19190428p02.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 330/1919-04-28/p022"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}},{"passage_number":23,"locus":"GA 330/1919-04-28/p023","text":"When I was speaking on this subject recently in a Swiss town, a very clever person said to me during the discussion – of course I recognize all clever objections, I am aware of how much can be objected to what I am proposing here; but it is based on reality, and therefore there is as much to object to as there can be objected to as a rule; the reason why what is proposed is practical is that so much can be objected to it and because the objections must be countered in a practical way, not with judgments. He said: Yes, you now want to define the state with its law and its justice, but justice must prevail in both intellectual and economic life! I replied with an image: I imagine a rural family, the man, the woman, the children, servants, maids and three cows. The cows give milk. The whole family needs milk. Is it therefore necessary, or even possible, that the whole family should also give milk? No, if the three cows give milk properly, the whole family will be supplied with milk, and it is not at all necessary for the others to give milk as well. So it is with the three members of the social organism. Each of the members supplies for the other members that which can be supplied to them precisely because in its emancipation it is placed on its healthy, essential foundation. This is what one has to consider above all in the face of these truly practical social proposals, drawn from reality.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":263,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/330/1919-04-28/p023","witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Reorganization of the Social Organism","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA330/English/SOL2024/19190428p02.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 330/1919-04-28/p023"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}},{"passage_number":24,"locus":"GA 330/1919-04-28/p024","text":"For more than a century, humanity has been guided by a threefold motto: liberty, equality, fraternity. Who could close their mind to the powerful impulsiveness of these three ideals? Nevertheless, very clever people of the nineteenth century, they have rightly, I say expressly rightly, pointed out the contradictions between these three great human ideals and said: If one is to develop the freedom of individuality, if the individualities are really to come into their own alongside each other, how is equality to prevail? Or again: How is fraternity to come into its own alongside equality, alongside the expansion of pure right? Well, you see, there is a capital, fundamental contradiction here. Why? Because these three great ideals of humanity, liberty, equality and fraternity, were still being formulated at a time when people were hypnotized by the idea of the unitary state, that unitary state which has actually led us into today's catastrophe. But something right, something lofty, something powerful was felt in these three impulses, and this can only be realized when it is known that each of these three ideals is suitable for the member of the three-part social organism placed on its own ground. In the future, the free spiritual organism must develop out of the impulses of freedom, the state and political organism out of the impulses of equality, and the economic organism out of the principle of fraternity on a large scale, from experience gained from person to person, from organizations, associations, cooperatives, and so on.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":250,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/330/1919-04-28/p024","witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Reorganization of the Social Organism","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA330/English/SOL2024/19190428p02.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 330/1919-04-28/p024"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}],"witnesses":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"first_passage":1,"last_passage":33,"passage_count":33,"word_count":9371},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"first_passage":1,"last_passage":33,"passage_count":33,"word_count":9703,"completeness":{"ratio":1.04,"band":"comparable","note":null}}],"aligned_witness":{"status":"aligned","lang":"de","edition":"original","confidence":"high","passages":[{"locus":"GA 330/1919-04-28/p021","passage_number":21,"text":"Nicht gleich stehen die Menschen da in bezug auf ihre individuellen Fähigkeiten und Begabungen. Alle diese individuellen Fähigkeiten und Begabungen müssen im freien Geistesleben, in dem vom Staate unabhängigen Geistesleben entwickelt werden. Da vermag die Demokratie nichts. Die Demokratie hat zu ihrem Inhalte alles dasjenige, worin alle Menschen gleich sind und wozu keine Lebenserfahrung gehört. Lebenserfahrung aber ist das Element des Wirtschaftslebens. Der Staat darf nicht wirtschaften, sondern er hat alles dasjenige festzusetzen und zu regeln, worin ein Mensch dem anderen vollkommen gleich ist, worin wahre Demokratie herrschen kann. Dazu gehörtneben dem Besitzrecht, das Sie in meinem Buche weiter ausgeführt finden, vor allen Dingen das Arbeitsrecht. Zeit, Maß und Art der Arbeit wird in der Zukunft von dem vom Wirtschaftsleben unabhängigen Staate geregelt werden müssen, so daß der Arbeiter, der selber mit dabei ist bei dieser Regelung, schon wenn er die Fabrik, die Werkstätte betritt, mit einem durch das Recht begrenzten Arbeitsmaß kommt, mit einer vor allen Dingen durch das Arbeitsrecht begrenzten Arbeitszeit kommt, bevor er irgendeinen Vertrag mit einem Arbeitsleiter abschließt. Wie das Wirtschaftsleben auf der einen Seite an die Naturgrundlage grenzt und man höchstens durch einige technische Maßnahmen dieser Naturgrundlage bei-. kommen kann, aber im weiteren von ihr abhängig ist, so wird das Wirtschaftsleben zukünftig müssen auf der anderen Seite an das fest geregelte Arbeitsrecht grenzen. Man wird nicht nach dem Gebrauchswert der Güter den Lohn bestimmen können, wie das im wesentlichen noch heute innerhalb unserer Wirtschaftsordnung der Fall ist. Man wird allen Wohlstand, alle Produktion innerhalb des Wirtschaftslebens nur als eine Konsequenz desjenigen gestalten können, was vom Staate als Arbeitsrecht festgesetzt ist, wie man das Wirtschaftsleben auf der anderen Seite nur entwickeln kann als abhängig von den Naturgrundlagen. Das weitere müssen Sie schon nachlesen in meinem Buch «Die Kernpunkte der sozialen Frage in den Lebensnotwendigkeiten der Gegenwart und Zukunft». Wir kommen da eben zum zweiten der Kernpunkte der sozialen Frage, zu der Regelung des Arbeitsrechtes durch eine Abtrennung des Wirtschaftslebens von dem staatlichen Leben.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":327,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/330/1919-04-28/p021"},{"locus":"GA 330/1919-04-28/p022","passage_number":22,"text":"Der dritte der Kernpunkte der sozialen Frage ist die wirtschaftliche Frage selbst. Diese findet ihre Regelung dann, wenn dieses Wirtschaftsleben real zwischen den beiden eben bezeichneten Grenzen eingeklemmt, innerhalb dieser Grenzen aus rein wirtschaftlichen Kräften, den Kräften der Berufsstände, aus den Kräften namentlich von Produktion und Konsumtion durch Genossenschaften und dergleichen assoziativ geregelt wird in einer völligen Unabhängigkeit vom Rechts- und Geistesleben. Es ist heute nicht mehr Zeit, im einzelnen - das kann im nächsten Vortrage geschehen — einzugehen darauf, wie das emanzipierte Wirtschaftsleben dann das bringen kann, was allerdings als Wohlstand abhängig sein wird von dem Arbeitsrecht, auch vom Besitzrecht, aber in einer gesunden Abhängigkeit davon sein wird und vor allen Dingen in einer moralisch notwendigen Abhängigkeit, wie es auf der anderen Seite in einer natürlichen Abhängigkeit ist. Im einzelnen wird allerdings notwendig sein, daß die beiden anderen Gebiete des sozialen Organismus, das geistige und das rechtlich-staatliche, ihre Kräfte liefern dem Wirtschaftsleben. Aber sie werden sie liefern gerade dann, wenn sie auf ihrem Boden in der richtigen Weise sich ausbilden.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":171,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/330/1919-04-28/p022"},{"locus":"GA 330/1919-04-28/p023","passage_number":23,"text":"Als ich neulich in einer Stadt in der Schweiz über diesen Gegenstand sprach, da sagte mir ein sehr gescheiter Mensch in der Diskussion — gewiß, ich erkenne alle gescheiten Einwände an, ich bin mir bewußt, wieviel einzuwenden ist gegen das, was ich hier vorschlage; aber es ist aus der Wirklichkeit heraus, und daher ist soviel einzuwenden, wie in der Regel gegen die Wirklichkeit einzuwenden ist; gerade deshalb ist das Vorgeschlagene praktisch, weil zunächst soviel einzuwenden ist und weil wiederum den Einwänden in praktischer Weise begegnet werden muß, nicht mit Urteilen -, da sagte er: Ja, du willst nun den Staat mit seinem Recht und seiner Gerechtigkeit abgrenzen, aber es muß doch Gerechtigkeit herrschen, sowohl im Geistes- wie im Wirtschaftsleben! Ich erwiderte ihm mit einem Bilde: Ich stelle mir vor eine ländliche Familie, den Mann, die Frau, die Kinder, Knechte, Mägde und drei Kühe. Die Kühe geben Milch. Die ganze Familie braucht Milch, ist es deshalb just notwendig oder auch nur möglich, daß die ganze Familie auch Milch gibt? Nein, wenn die drei Kühe richtig Milch geben, wird die ganze Familie mit Milch versorgt sein, und es ist gar nicht notwendig, daß die anderen auch Milch geben sollten. So ist es mit den drei Gliedern des sozialen Organismus. Jedes der Glieder liefert gerade dadurch für die anderen Glieder dasjenige, was ihnen geliefert werden kann, weil es in seiner Emanzipation auf seine gesunde, wesenhafte Grundlage gestellt wird. Das ist es, was man sich vor allen Dingen gegenüber diesen wirklich praktischen, aus der Wirklichkeit herausgeholten sozialen Vorschlägen zu überlegen hat.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":257,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/330/1919-04-28/p023"},{"locus":"GA 330/1919-04-28/p024","passage_number":24,"text":"Seit mehr als einem Jahrhundert tönt durch die Menschheit hindurch eine dreifache Devise: Freiheit, Gleichheit, Brüderlichkeit. Wer könnte sich verschließen der kräftigen Impulsivität dieser drei Ideale. Dennoch, sehr gescheite Menschen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, sie haben mit Recht, ich sage ausdrücklich mit Recht, die Widersprüche nachgewiesen zwischen diesen drei großen menschlichen Idealen und haben gesagt: Wenn man die Freiheit der Individualität entwickeln soll, wenn die Individualitäten wirklich nebeneinander zu ihrem Recht kommen sollen, wie soll da Gleichheit herrschen? Oder wiederum: Wie soll neben der Gleichheit, neben dem Ausbreiten des reinen Rechtes noch die Brüderlichkeit zu ihrer Geltung kommen? Nun, sehen Sie, es liegt hier ein kapitaler, fundamentaler Widerspruch vor. Warum? Weil diese drei großen Ideale der Menschheit, Freiheit, Gleichheit und Brüderlichkeit noch gefaßt worden sind in einer Zeit, wo die Menschen hypnotisiert von der Idee des Einheitsstaates lebten, jenes Einheitsstaates, der uns eigentlich in die heutige Katastrophe hineingeführt hat. Aber etwas Richtiges, etwas Hohes, etwas Gewaltiges war doch mit diesen drei Impulsen gefühlt, und dies kann erst realisiert werden, wenn man wissen wird, daß ein jedes dieser drei Ideale für das auf seinen eigenen Boden gestellte Glied des dreigliedrigen sozialen Organismus taugt. Es muß sich in der Zukunft entwickeln der freie geistige Organismus aus den Impulsen der Freiheit heraus, der staatliche, politische Organismus aus den Impulsen der Gleichheit heraus, der wirtschaftliche Organismus aus dem Prinzip der Brüderlichkeit großen Stiles über die Erfahrungen von Mensch zu Mensch, der Organisationen, der Assoziationen, der Genossenschaften und so weiter.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":244,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/330/1919-04-28/p024"}],"beads":[{"from":[21],"to":[21],"confidence":"high","pairing_state":"verified"},{"from":[22],"to":[22],"confidence":"high","pairing_state":"verified"},{"from":[23],"to":[23],"confidence":"high","pairing_state":"verified"},{"from":[24],"to":[24],"confidence":"high","pairing_state":"verified"}],"note":"Paired by the paragraph aligner; each language numbers its own paragraphs. A bead at either end of the span can carry text beyond it (the `from` numbers show what each bead covers)."}}