{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 5/l02/p010","lang":"en","edition":"RSPI1960","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"During this time, Nietzsche made a statement by which he placed himself in conscious opposition to the points of view which natural science represents. This statement is his often-cited teaching about the “eternal return” of things. In Duhring's *Kursus der Philosophie*, Course of Philosophy, he found an argument which was to prove that an eternal repetition of the same world events is not compatible with the fundamental principles of mechanics. It was exactly this that led him to accept such an eternal, periodic repetition of the same world events. All that happens today has already occurred innumerable times, and is to recur innumerable times. During this period he also speaks about the pleasure it gave him to set up counter-arguments against universally accepted truths. “What is the *reaction of opinions?* When one opinion ceases to be interesting, one tries to give it new attractiveness by encouraging its counter-argument. But, usually the counter-argument misleads, and makes new advocates; meanwhile it has become more interesting.” (Nietzsche's Works, German Edition, 1897, Volume XI, P. 65) And because he understands that his counter-opinion does not suit the old natural scientific truths, he makes the statement that these truths are not truths in themselves, but are errors which human beings have only accepted because they have proved useful in life. The fundamental truths of mechanics and natural science are really errors: this he wanted to emphasize in a work for which he sketched the outline in 1881. He tried all this only for the sake of the idea of the “eternal return.” The logically compulsive force of truth was to be denied in order to be able to set up a counter-argument which runs Contrary to the essence of this truth.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"Part II. The Psychology of Friedrich Nietzsche as a Psychopathological Problem","site_heading":null,"date":null,"location":null,"word_count":286,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/5/l02/p010","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":null,"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["RSPI1960"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/5/l04/p010","locus":"GA 5/l04/p010","anchor_mapped":true,"anchor_method":"curated","anchor_confidence":"high"},{"lang":"en","edition":"RSPI1960","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/5/l02/p010","paragraph_aligned":true}],"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"l04","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 5/l04/p010","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/5/l04/p010"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":227,"en_words":286,"ratio":1.26,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 5/l04/p010","passage_number":10,"text":"Nietzsche stellt nämlich in dieser Zeit eine Behauptung auf, durch die er sich in bewussten Gegensatz stellt zu den Anschauungen, welche die Naturwissenschaft vertritt. Diese Behauptung ist seine vielbesprochene Lehre von der «Ewigen Wiederkunft» aller Dinge. Er fand in *Dührings* «Kursus der Philosophie» eine Ausführung, die den Beweis liefern sollte, dass eine ewige Wiederholung gleicher Weltereignisse mit den Grundsätzen der Mechanik nicht vereinbar sei. Gerade dies reizte ihn, eine solche ewige, periodische Wiederholung gleicher Weltereignisse anzunehmen. Alles, was heute geschieht, soll schon unzählige Male dagewesen sein, und soll sich unzählige Male wiederholen. Er spricht in dieser Zeit auch aus, welchen Reiz es für ihn hat, zu allgemein anerkannten Wahrheiten die Gegenmeinungen aufzustellen. «Was ist die *Reaktion der Meinungen?* Wenn eine Meinung aufhört, interessant zu sein, so sucht man ihr einen Reiz zu verleihen, indem man sie an ihre Gegenmeinung hält. Gewöhnlich aber verführt die Gegenmeinung und macht nun neue Bekenner: sie ist inzwischen interessanter geworden.» (Nietzsches Werke, Band XI, S.65.) Und weil er einsieht, dass seine Gegenmeinung zu den alten naturwissenschaftlichen Wahrheiten nicht stimmt, stellt er die Behauptung auf, dass diese Wahrheiten selbst nicht Wahrheiten, sondern Irrtümer seien, welche die Menschen nur angenommen hätten, weil sie versuchte er nur um der Idee von der «Ewigen Wiederkehr» willen. Die logisch zwingende Kraft der Wahrheit sollte geleugnet werden, um eine dem Wesen dieser Wahrheit zuwiderlaufende Gegenmeinung aufstellen zu können.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":227,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/5/l04/p010"}],"english":["GA 5/l02/p010"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":227,"en_words":286,"ratio":1.26,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":0.46,"band":"severe","note":"This witness holds under half the original's words. Whole passages are almost certainly missing. A phrase absent here is NOT evidence it is absent from the original; search the original language.","word_count":6395,"original_word_count":13965,"may_be_abridged":true},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"status":"unknown","warning":"No translator is recorded for this edition. An unattributed translation cannot be weighed as a witness: you cannot tell which hand made the choices in it. Cite the German for anything load-bearing."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 5/l04/p010"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}