{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 68b/1907-10-31/p014","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Let us look at this in a little more detail, [so that our minds can form certain concrete ideas in the process]. You all know that when the European immigrants first moved to the American continent, they encountered an indigenous people [there], a people who are believed [in natural historical thinking] to represent earlier stages of the present peoples. From a European point of view, they were certainly at a low level of civilization back then, but if you take such an absolute point of view, you can go very wrong in your judgment. Let's imagine a scene to illustrate this. The Europeans have not always managed things so well. They have not always chosen the best means to exterminate the free man. One of the last chiefs [of the free people] who came from the areas from which [the Native Americans] were expelled in North America [was one of the last] to face a European conqueror, a leader of a European culture. The inhabitants of America had been deprived of their lands, including the tribe to which that Indian chief belonged. [The scene took place not so long ago.] The people had been promised land for what was taken from them, and it had not been kept.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"32. The Origin of Man","site_heading":null,"date":"1907-10-31","location":null,"word_count":208,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/68b/1907-10-31/p014","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:length","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Circular Flow of Man's Life within the World Of Sense, Soul And Spirit","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA068b/English/SOL2024/19071031p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/68b/1907-10-31/p014"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/68b/1907-10-31/p014","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"listeners_notes","scope":"volume","note":"Written from listeners' notes, summaries, or memory rather than a shorthand transcript. The wording is the note-taker's as much as Steiner's: weigh a single striking phrase here far more cautiously than the same phrase in a stenographic volume, and do not rest an argument on one word.","evidence":"Da keine professionellen Stenogramme vorliegen, handelt es sich oftmals um notizenhaft festgehaltene Zusammenfassungen oder Berichte.","evidence_translation":"Since no professional shorthand transcripts exist, these are often summaries or reports kept in the form of notes.","evidence_source":"The publisher's description of the volume, as mirrored on AnthroWiki (GA 68b). The translation is the maintainer's, not a published one."},"german_anchor":{"de_prefix":"1907-10-31","de_passages":[{"locus":"GA 68b/1907-10-31/p013","url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/68b/1907-10-31/p013"}],"bead_confidence":"high","pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false,"length_check":{"de_words":199,"en_words":208,"ratio":1.05,"partial":false},"correspondence":"established","note":"English passage numbering is edition-relative, so the same number need not name the same paragraph in the German. The German original passage(s) above are the edition-invariant anchor — fetch them (lang='de') to verify wording before quoting across editions."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 68b/1907-10-31/p013","passage_number":13,"text":"Wollen wir uns das ein bisschen konkreter vor Augen führen, [damit unsere Sinne sich bestimmte, konkrete Vorstellungen dabei bilden können]. Sie alle wissen, dass, als die europäischen Einwanderer zuerst hinübergezogen sind nach dem amerikanischen Kontinent, sie [dort] ein [sogenanntes] Urvolk, [ein Volk, von dem] man [in naturhistorischem Denken] glaubt, dass es frühere Stufen der gegenwärtigen Völker darstellt [angetroffen haben]. Jene waren gewiss dazumal [von europäischem Gesichtspunkt aus] auf einer niedrigen Kulturstufe, aber wenn man einen solch absoluten Gesichtspunkt anlegt, kann man doch [in seinem Urteil sehr daneben] gehen. Wir wollen, um das anzusehen, uns einmal [eine Szene] vor Augen stellen. [Die Europäischen haben nicht immer so schön gewirtschaftet. Sie haben] nicht immer die schönsten Mittel gewählt, um den freien Mann auszurotten. Einer der letzten Häuptlinge [der freien Leute], die aus den Gegenden waren, [aus] denen in Nordamerika [die Indianer] vertrieben worden sind, [einer der Letzten] stand gegenüber einem europäischen Eroberer, einem Anführer einer europäischen Kultur. Weggenommen waren den Einwohnern Amerikas ihre Ländereien, auch dem Stamme, dem jener Indianerhäuptling angehörte. [Die Szene hat sich vor gar nicht langer Zeit abgespielt.] Man hatte den Leuten, [dem Häuptling] versprochen Land für das, was man ihnen wegnimmt, und man hatte es nicht gehalten.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":199,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/68b/1907-10-31/p013"}],"english":["GA 68b/1907-10-31/p014"],"method":"length","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":199,"en_words":208,"ratio":1.05,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"proposed","verified":false},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.04,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":8044,"original_word_count":7712,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Circular Flow of Man's Life within the World Of Sense, Soul And Spirit","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA068b/English/SOL2024/19071031p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 68b/1907-10-31/p013"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}