{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 70b/1915-11-25/p029","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"Now let us turn our gaze to the center of Europe. Let us try to let this soul's gaze briefly roam over those phenomena that also present themselves to us within the last period of human development. This new period announces itself in a peculiar way. There we see, I might say, in a world view of beauty, Giordano Bruno creating out of a purified sensualism, in a state of drunken sensuality. But at the same time, there we see in the sixteenth century, in the seventeenth century in France, Montaigne creating out of the intellectual or emotional soul a world view of pure doubt. Here we see, in Montaigne, I might say, in a different way, less ingeniously, less philosophically than in Descartes, but in him, how one of the most significant signs of this culture is expressed. We see how he is confined to what man alone is capable of thinking, to what is connected with his thinking; but at the same time, he senses that this thinking is limited in its validity as truth by the fact that it dwells only within us. This gives him doubt about the external sense world. That is why Montaigne says: Yes, the external senses provide us with a certain image of the external world. But does it have to be true? We have no means of knowing, for we can only believe our reason. But we have no means in it of proving that something is not revealing itself that is something quite different from what we can suspect behind the sensory phenomena. The sensory phenomena can be deceptive. But can what we have in reason tell us the truth either? We see that we want to prove something in our reason. But soon we come to realize how deceptive this reasoning was in us. Now we have to prove what we have proved all over again. And that presents itself to us immediately, as if from this or that point of view. But it is questionable. We begin to demand a proof of the proof of the proof. The true sage, says Montaigne, is the only one who doubts everything, who goes through the world with a soul that can bear doubt.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"1. The World View Of German Idealism. A Consideration Regarding Our Fateful Times","site_heading":null,"date":"1915-11-25","location":null,"word_count":373,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/70b/1915-11-25/p029","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Ways to a Knowledge of the Eternal Forces of the Human Soul","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA070b/English/SOL2024/19151125p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/70b/1915-11-25/p029"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/70b/1915-11-25/p029","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 70b/1915-11-25/p029","passage_number":29,"text":"Nun wenden wir den Blick auf Europas Mitte. Versuchen wir auch da, diesen Seelenblick zunächst über diejenigen Erscheinungen flüchtig schweifen zu lassen, die sich uns auch darbieten innerhalb des letzten Zeitraumes der Menschheitsentwicklung. Er kündigt sich schon eigentümlich an, dieser neue Zeitraum. Da sehen wir allerdings, wie - ich möchte sagen - in trunkener Sinnlichkeit ein Weltbild der Schönheit Giordano Bruno entwirft aus einem geläuterten Sensualismus heraus. Da sehen wir aber zugleich, wie im sechzehnten Jahrhundert in das siebzehnte hinein in Frankreich Montaigne aus der Verstandes- oder Gemütsseele heraus bildet ein Weltbild des reinen Zweifels. Da sehen wir, wie gerade bei Montaigne - ich möchte sagen -, in einer anderen Art, weniger genial, weniger philosophisch wie bei Descartes, aber wie gerade bei ihm eines der bedeutsamsten Zeichen dieser Kultur zum Ausdruck kommt. Wir sehen, wie er eingeengt ist in dem allein, was der Mensch zu denken vermag, was mit seinem Denken zusammenhängt; wie er aber zu gleicher Zeit spürt, dass dieses Denken in seiner Wahrheitsgeltung ja beschränkt ist dadurch, dass es eben nur in uns wohnt. Das gibt ihm den Zweifel über die äußere Sinnenwelt. Deshalb sagt Montaigne: Ja, die äußeren Sinne liefern uns ein gewisses Bild der äußeren Welt. Braucht es aber wahr zu sein? Wir haben kein Mittel, denn wir können nur dem Verstand glauben. Aber wir haben in ihm kein Mittel, zu beweisen, dass nicht irgendetwas sich zeigt, was etwas ganz anderes ist, als was wir hinter den Sinnenerscheinungen vermuten können. Die Sinneserscheinungen können Täuschung sein. Aber auch das, was wir in der Vernunft haben, kann uns denn das die Wahrheit sagen? Wir sehen, wir wollen in unserer Vernunft etwas beweisen. Bald kommen wir aber darauf, [wie dieser Vernunftschluss] in uns Täuschung war. Jetzt müssen wir das, was wir bewiesen haben, erst recht wieder beweisen. Und das stellt sich uns sogleich hin, wie von diesem oder jenem Gesichtspunkt aus [Lücke in der Mitschrift]. Es ist aber fraglich. Wir fangen an zu fordern einen Beweis des Beweises des Beweises. Der wahre Weise, sagt Montaigne, ist einzig und allein der, der an allem zweifelt, der mit einer Seele, die den Zweifel ertragen kann, durch die Welt geht.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":358,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/70b/1915-11-25/p029"}],"english":["GA 70b/1915-11-25/p029"],"method":"identity","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":358,"en_words":373,"ratio":1.04,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","anchors","audit"]},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.06,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":13536,"original_word_count":12814,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"Ways to a Knowledge of the Eternal Forces of the Human Soul","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA070b/English/SOL2024/19151125p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 70b/1915-11-25/p029"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. 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