6. Spiritual Scientific Findings on the Ideas of Freedom and Social-moral Life

Herbert Spencer said: We see development in organic life, in the life of animals, in the life of human beings themselves; the individual living being develops in such a way that it emerges from the germ, from a triple layer of cells, the so-called ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. These are the three layers of cells from which the various organs of animals and humans develop. Herbert Spencer, who was accustomed to scientific concepts, now attempts to apply this way of understanding a scientific process to historical and social life. He attempts to understand what develops in human life, in moral, historical, and social life, in such a way that it also develops, as it were, from a threefold stratification. In a very interesting way, he transfers all those organic systems that develop from the ectoderm in humans and animals to the fact that in social life, the actions and activities of those people who belong to the military class would develop from the social ectoderm, as it were, those people who belong to the working class from the social endoderm, and those who belong to the merchant class, the mediating class in society, from the endoderm. It is then only a necessary consequence that the great English philosopher Herbert Spencer goes on to say: because the nervous system and the brain develop from the ectoderm in the organism, the best also developed from the social ectoderm. Of course, I do not share this militaristic view of the philosopher Herbert Spencer, nor do I wish to comment on it in detail here for easily understandable reasons; but it is only a necessary consequence for him to say that the ruling circles of any state must necessarily emerge from the military, because otherwise the state would have no nervous system, no head system, no heads, but only subordinate organs.