{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 76/1921-04-04/p017","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"One can follow, and this pursuit is extraordinarily interesting, how in the age of scholasticism, philosophical life takes the direction of becoming clear about how what we call thinking in concepts may still be thought of as connected to the objective. Before the scholastic age, the connection between what is experienced as an idea and concept in things was self-evident. This connection only became a question, a mystery, when the conceptual and the imaginative were separated from what is called objective perception in human experience. And it was out of this philosophical experience that scholasticism arose, the problem of which should be studied much more thoroughly today than it is studied, the problem of 'realism' and 'nominalism'. Today, these words conjure up completely different ideas than they did in the scholastic era. In the age of scholasticism, a realist was, for example, Ihomas of Agquino, who attributed an objective reality to concepts and ideas, so that he said: Concepts and ideas have something objective in their content, something that does not merely belong to the subject, that is not merely thought. A nominalist was someone who sought reality only in that which lies outside the conceptual, who saw in the concepts only something by which man summarizes what is given to him as perception, so that for the nominalist, the concepts were mere names.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"2. Philosophy","site_heading":null,"date":"1921-04-04","location":null,"word_count":224,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/76/1921-04-04/p017","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Stimulating Effect of Anthroposophy on the Individual Sciences","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA076/English/SOL2024/19210404p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/76/1921-04-04/p017"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/76/1921-04-04/p017","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 76/1921-04-04/p017","passage_number":17,"text":"Man kann verfolgen, und dieses Verfolgen ist außerordentlich interessant, wie im Zeitalter der Scholastik das philosophische Leben die Richtung nimmt, sich klarzuwerden, wie eigentlich das, was wir das Denken in Begriffen nennen, noch verbunden gedacht werden darf mit dem Objektiven. Vor dem scholastischen Zeitalter war die Verbindung desjenigen, was als Vorstellung und Begriff an den Dingen erlebt wird, mit diesen Dingen selbstverständlich. Eine Frage, ein Rätsel wurde diese Verbindung erst, als sich für das menschliche Erleben das Begriffliche, das Vorstellungsmäßige von dem löste, was man die objektive Wahrnehmung nennt. Und aus diesem philosophischen Erleben heraus ist dann der Scholastik jenes Problem entstanden, das man heute vielgründlicher studieren sollte, als man es studiert, das Problem des «Realismus» und des «Nominalismus». Heute verbindet man sogar ganz andere Vorstellungen mit diesen Worten «Realismus» und «Nominalismus», als es im Zeitalter der Scholastik der Fall war. Im Zeitalter der Scholastik war ein Realist, wie zum Beispiel Ihomas von Agquino, derjenige, der den Begriffen, den Vorstellungen eine objektive Realität beilegte, so daß er sagte: Die Begriffe, die Vorstellungen haben etwas, was in seinem Inhalte objektiv ist, was nicht bloß dem Subjekte angehört, was nicht bloß gedacht ist. Ein Nominalist war derjenige, der die Realität nur in dem suchte, was außerhalb des Begrifflichen liegt, der in den Begriffen nur etwas sah, wodurch der Mensch zusammenfaßt, was ihm als Wahrnehmung gegeben ist, so daß die Begriffe für den Nominalisten eben bloße Namen waren.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":235,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/76/1921-04-04/p017"}],"english":["GA 76/1921-04-04/p017"],"method":"identity","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":235,"en_words":224,"ratio":0.95,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","anchors","audit"]},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.02,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":8785,"original_word_count":8635,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Stimulating Effect of Anthroposophy on the Individual Sciences","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA076/English/SOL2024/19210404p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 76/1921-04-04/p017"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. 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