{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 77a/1921-07-27/p022","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"You all know, my dear attendees, what a great influence the Darwinian direction, the Darwinian type of modern developmental theory, has exerted on all recent intellectual and cultural life. Now there is a point within Darwinian developmental theory that touches in a very strange way on what I have just characterized as inner experience. What I mean is this: the true Darwinist, who has of course been superseded by true science in a sense, but whose way of thinking is still in today's thinking trends, says: the different forms of living beings have developed from each other, in that small, very slight changes , which something that can only be called chance has brought about, have added up more and more, so that finally a living being with certain, let us say morphological peculiarities has developed by transformation into another living being with quite different morphological peculiarities. As a specific example, let us take the development as conceived in Darwinism, that gill-breathing lower creatures would have developed into lung-breathing ones. It has been assumed that the organ that gradually transformed into the lungs was the swim bladder. It was assumed that the swim bladder had undergone a small change by some kind of accident, and that then, again, as a result of such changes accumulating, one organ with a very specific function for the outside world had gradually developed into another organ, so that the gill activity could gradually recede and the lung activity could occur through the swim bladder that had been transformed into the lung.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"1. Knowledge of Nature and Knowledge of the Mind","site_heading":null,"date":"1921-07-27","location":null,"word_count":257,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/77a/1921-07-27/p022","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Task of Anthroposophy in the Context of Science and Life","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA077a/English/SOL2024/19210727p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/77a/1921-07-27/p022"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/77a/1921-07-27/p022","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"unknown","scope":"volume","note":"How this text was taken down (shorthand transcript, listeners' notes or manuscript) is not on record here. Unknown is not an assurance of a stenogram: check the edition's own notes before resting an argument on one word.","evidence":null,"evidence_translation":null,"evidence_source":null},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 77a/1921-07-27/p022","passage_number":22,"text":"Sie wissen ja alle, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, welch großen Einfluß die darwinistisch gerichtete Richtung, die darwinistische Art der modernen Entwicklungslehre auf das ganze neuere Geistes- und Kulturleben ausgeübt hat. Nun gibt es einen Punkt innerhalb der Darwinschen Entwicklungslehre, der sich in ganz seltsamer Weise berührt mit dem, was ich eben jetzt Ccharakterisiert habe als inneres Erlebnis. Das, was ich meine, ist folgendes: Der richtige Darwinist, der ja heute von wahrer Wissenschaft schon überwunden ist in gewissem Sinne, dessen Denkungsweise in den heutigen Denktendenzen aber eben auch noch drin ist, der sagt: Die verschiedenen Formen der Lebewesen haben sich aus einander entwickelt, indem kleine, ganz geringe Abänderungen, die irgend etwas, was man nur Zufall nennen kann, bewirkt hat, sich immer weiter und weiter summiert haben, so daß sich schließlich aus einem Lebewesen mit gewissen, sagen wir morphologischen Eigentümlichkeiten durch Umwandlung ein anderes Lebewesen mit ganz anderen morphologischen Eigentümlichkeiten entwickelt hat. Nehmen wir als konkretes Beispiel die Entwicklung, wie man sie sich im Darwinismus gedacht hat, daß sich aus kiemenatmenden niederen Lebewesen die lungenatmenden entwickelt hätten. Man hat angenommen, daß das Organ, das sich da allmählich in die Lunge umgewandelt hat, die Schwimmblase gewesen sei. Man nahm also an, daß die Schwimmblase durch irgendeinen Zufall zunächst eine kleine Abänderung erlitten habe, und daß dann wieder dadurch, daß sich solche Abänderungen summiert hätten, allmählich aus einem Organ mit ganz bestimmtem Dienste für die Außenwelt ein anderes Organ entstanden sei, sodaß die Kiementätigkeit allmählich habe zurücktreten können und die Lungentätigkeit durch die in die Lunge verwandelte Schwimmblase habe eintreten können.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":257,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/77a/1921-07-27/p022"}],"english":["GA 77a/1921-07-27/p022"],"method":"identity","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":257,"en_words":257,"ratio":1.0,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","anchors","audit"]},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.05,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":6886,"original_word_count":6580,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2024","book_title":"The Task of Anthroposophy in the Context of Science and Life","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA077a/English/SOL2024/19210727p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 77a/1921-07-27/p022"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. 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