{"corpus":"steiner","locus":"GA 88/1903-06-28/p010","lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"text":"In the second caste, the Vaisya, man, engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, will enter into the most intimate relationship with the surrounding nature. He will learn to work the soil with the sweat of his brow, he will sow and reap and thus produce food for his fellow brothers; he will practice all the virtues of a farmer. Then he will become a merchant, engage in trade and industry, accumulate riches and undergo many of the vices of his class. It is only through selfishness and avarice that he will often learn the first wisdom of economics and the proper use of his wealth for the benefit and worship of his fellow citizens. When he has learned his lesson to perfection at this level, he will be born as a Kshatriya in the next incarnation, in the warrior caste. Here he must use his powers to protect and defend his homeland; he must gain strength through courage and bravery and self-denial to be able to face any danger. He can only do this if he is prepared to sacrifice his life to duty at any moment. The warrior must give up his physical life, then his soul acquires the spirit of self-denial and is the creator of an ideal. The body is solely intended to help the development of the inner life; it must disappear when the soul needs a new body, that is, a more suitable garment for its advanced development. War is the school that must be passed through to reach that highest caste of the Brahmins, for whom - at their level of development and knowledge - fighting and killing is a mortal sin. “Kill your enemy” is commanded to the Kshatriya, but he knows that he can never truly kill one of his brothers nor be killed by him, as Krishna says to Arjuna in consolation.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"title":"12. The Bhagavad Gita","site_heading":null,"date":"1903-06-28","location":null,"word_count":311,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/88/1903-06-28/p010","alignment_confidence":"high","alignment_reason":"beads:identity","two_voice_volume":false,"translation_credit":{"scope":"unit","status":"established","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2022","book_title":"On the Astral World and Devachan","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA088/English/SOL2022/19030628p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"edition_coverage":{"de":["original"],"en":["English"]},"available_versions":[{"lang":"de","edition":"original","edition_basis":null,"is_original":true,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/88/1903-06-28/p010"},{"lang":"en","edition":"English","edition_basis":null,"is_original":false,"is_default_edition":true,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/en/ga/88/1903-06-28/p010","paragraph_aligned":true}],"record":{"record_type":"listeners_notes","scope":"volume","note":"Written from listeners' notes, summaries, or memory rather than a shorthand transcript. The wording is the note-taker's as much as Steiner's: weigh a single striking phrase here far more cautiously than the same phrase in a stenographic volume, and do not rest an argument on one word.","evidence":"Aufzeichnungen von neunzehn Vorträgen und vier privaten Lehrstunden","evidence_translation":"Records of nineteen lectures and four private teaching hours","evidence_source":"Rudolf Steiner Verlag Gesamtverzeichnis 2022, volume subtitle. The translation is the maintainer's, not a published one."},"paired_german":{"status":"paired","german":[{"locus":"GA 88/1903-06-28/p010","passage_number":10,"text":"In der zweiten Kaste, den Vaisya, wird der Mensch, Ackerbau und Viehzucht treibend, in innigsten Zusammenhang mit der umgebenden Natur treten. Er wird im Schweiße seines Angesichts den Mutterboden bearbeiten lernen, er wird säen und ernten und so die Nahrung für seine Mitbrüder erzeugen; er wird alle Tugenden eines Ackerbauers üben. Sodann wird er als Kaufmann Handel und Gewerbe treiben, Reichtümer sammeln und viele Untugenden seines Standes durchmachen müssen. Durch Selbstsucht und Geiz wird er oft erst weise Ökonomie erlernen und die richtige Verwendung seines Reichtums zum Nutzen und Frommen seiner Mitbürger. Hat er bis zur Vollkommenheit seine Lektion auf dieser Stufe erlernt, so wird er in der folgenden Inkarnation ein Kshatriya und in die Kriegerkaste hineingeboren. Hier muß er seine Kräfte zum Schutze und zur Verteidigung seines Vaterlandes einsetzen; durch Mut und Tapferkeit und Selbstverleugnung Stärke gewinnen, um jeder Gefahr gewachsen zu sein. Das kann er nur, wenn er jeden Augenblick bereit ist, sein Leben der Pflicht zum Opfer zu bringen. Der Krieger muß das physische Leben hingeben, dann erwirkt seine Seele den Geist der Selbstentäußerung und ist Schöpfer eines Ideals. Der Körper ist einzig dazu bestimmt, der Entwicklung des inneren Lebens zu helfen; er muß verschwinden, wenn die Seele einen neuen Körper braucht, das heißt ein passenderes Kleid für ihre fortgeschrittene Entwicklung. Der Krieg ist die Schule, die durchgemacht werden muß, um in jene höchste Kaste der Brahmanen zu gelangen, für die — auf ihrer Stufe der Entwicklung und Erkenntnis - Kampf und Tötung eine Todsünde ist. «Töte deinen Feind» ist dem Kshatriya geboten, er weiß aber, daß er niemals in Wahrheit einen seiner Brüder töten noch von ihm getötet werden kann, wie Krishna tröstend zu Arjuna sagt.","text_trust":"verbatim","quote_safe":true,"word_count":280,"url":"https://anthroposophy.ai/v1/steiner/de/ga/88/1903-06-28/p010"}],"english":["GA 88/1903-06-28/p010"],"method":"identity","confidence":"high","correspondence":"established","length_check":{"de_words":280,"en_words":311,"ratio":1.11,"partial":false},"pairing_state":"verified","verified":true,"evidence":["length","meaning","anchors","audit"]},"witness_completeness":{"ratio":1.08,"band":"comparable","note":null,"word_count":2180,"original_word_count":2016,"may_be_abridged":false},"witness_quality":{"translator":{"scope":"unit","status":"recorded","translator":"Steiner Online Library","identified_edition":"SOL2022","book_title":"On the Astral World and Devachan","publisher":"Steiner Online Library","publisher_inferred":true,"match_score":1.0,"source_url":"https://www.rsarchive.org/Lectures/GA088/English/SOL2022/19030628p01.html","evidence":"lecture_page_line","publisher_note":"The publisher is inferred from the edition code in this lecture's source URL, not stated by the source page. The translator IS verified for this lecture: its own source names the translator (evidence: the lecture's page, rsarchive's lecture list, or the cover of the book it was published in), and that page's text was matched against this unit (see match_score and source_url). Cite the translator with confidence; attribute the publisher only as probable."},"entity_parity":{"status":"ok","checked_against":["GA 88/1903-06-28/p010"],"missing_from_translation":[],"present_only_in_translation":[],"bead_confidence":"high","note":"Every load-bearing name in the German counterpart appears in this English passage. That is a check on NAMES only: a translation can keep every name and still reverse who acts on whom, change a number, or soften a claim. Read the German for anything you intend to rest an argument on."},"note":"quote_safe certifies the bytes of this text. This block is about the translation as a WITNESS: who made it, and whether it carries the same names as the original. See witness_completeness for how much of the original this witness holds."}}