cable to Zimmermann 1915-08-14: "Helphand is an extraordinarily important man, whose unusual powers we must employ for the duration of the war, and if possible also afterwards — quite regardless of whether we personally agree with his convictions or not... Perhaps it is dangerous to make use of the forces standing behind Helphand, but it would surely be merely a further sign of our weakness if we did not exploit them, out of fear that we should afterwards no longer be able to direct them."Brockdorff-Rantzau trusted financial deputy. The Northern Underground (Sweden + Denmark) ran through Copenhagen. Lenin'sPolish-Jewish socialist, the principal German-Bolshevik intermediary. Already in 1915-01-09 Wangenheim cable to Jagow: Parvus "convinced that Germany would never be wholly successful unless it succeeded in kindling a great revolution in Russia." Founded Copenhagen advertising agency, import-export office, transport company (1915) specifically as cover for the German money pipeline. His chief assistant: Polish-Jewish socialist Jakob Fürstenberg-Hanecki (Ganetski) — formerly an Okhrana double agent, now
The German diplomatic cables documenting Parvus' role — collected in Z.A.B. Zeman, Germany and the Revolution in Russia 1915-1918: Documents from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry (London 1958) — are the documentary spine of the German FO ↔ Bolshevik financial pipeline. After 1917 Parvus became wealthy; the Berlin SPD distrusted him; he died 1924-12-12, age 57, in Berlin, with substantial unexplained finances. (Claim WiU-22-024.)