Prima Pars
Pars I of the Summa Theologiae. 119 Quaestiones on God in himself, the procession of creatures, the angels, the six days, and man. English from the Dominican Fathers (1920s); Latin from the Vivès edition (Paris 1871-1880).
Source context· Greco-Christian stream · Greco-Latin cultural age
- Stream
- Greco-Christian
- Cultural age
- Greco-Latin (4th post-Atlantean cultural age)
- Composed
- c. 1266 CE
- Soul-faculty
- Intellectual Soul
What this work carries
Pars I gathers the patristic and Aristotelian inheritance into a systematic treatise on God in himself, the procession of creatures, the angelic hierarchies, the hexaemeron, and man. It transmits the late-antique angelology of Pseudo-Dionysius and the Aristotelian doctrine of substance, form, and intellect into a Christian dogmatic frame.
Language frame
The work is composed as a scholastic summa: each quaestio proceeds by articles, objections, sed contra, respondeo, and replies, in technical Latin designed for disputation. The form enforces sharp conceptual distinction between essence and existence, substance and accident, intellect and will.
Steiner’s engagement
- GA 108, 1908-03-14Steiner describes scholastic philosophy as a peculiar synthesis of Aristotelian thought, defending it against modern condemnation and noting that absorbing its concepts requires a keen and finely distinguishing mind.
- GA 35Steiner characterizes the scholastic method as a technique of thinking suited to rationally elaborate the material of sense-observation and to press a stage further toward spiritual truth.
- GA 246, 1908-08-17Steiner notes that the scholastic regards the technique of thought as suitable both for rationally processing empirical science and for penetrating a limited way upward into spiritual truth.
- GA 176, 1917-09-11Steiner names Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) within the karmic stream of medieval thought whose later inversion contributes to the karma of materialism.
- GA 213, 1922-07-09Steiner identifies modern scientific thinking as a straightforward continuation of scholastic thinking, indicating a deep structural continuity between Thomas's logic and post-Cartesian natural science.
- GA 213, 1922-07-15Steiner treats the sundering of scholasticism's unified knowledge of God, world, and man as the inception of the modern spiritual crisis, and praises the sharpness of scholastic thinking as a discipline modern science has lost.
- GA 220, 1923-01-27Steiner situates the Prima Pars within the medieval realism-nominalism dispute, where Thomas's moderate realism holds that universals are real in the divine intellect and in things, against the later nominalist dissolution.
Cross-tradition congruence
- Aristotelian metaphysicsPars I christianizes Aristotle's doctrine of act and potency, form and matter, and the unmoved mover, recasting the Prime Mover as the God whose essence is to be (ipsum esse subsistens).
- Pseudo-Dionysian angelologyThe treatise on the angels (QQ 50-64) inherits the nine hierarchies of the Celestial Hierarchy and structures them as pure separated intelligences, each its own species.
- Islamic falsafa (Avicenna, Averroes)Thomas's essence/existence distinction and his treatment of the agent intellect engage and modify Avicennian and Averroist formulations transmitted through twelfth-century Latin translations.
- 1Q1. The nature and extent of sacred doctrine
Epistemological foundations and proper domain of sacred doctrine as a distinct science grounded in divine revelation
12,406 words - 2Q2. The existence of God
Demonstrability of divine existence: three classical arguments and their scholastic warrant
5,219 words - 3Q3. The simplicity of God
Divine simplicity: the absence of composition, potentiality, and accident in God's being
10,107 words - 4Q4. The perfection of God
Divine perfection as ontological and causal ground of all creaturely goodness
3,381 words - 5Q5. Goodness in general
Goodness as a transcendental property of being, its convertibility with being, and its relation to appetite and final causality
6,806 words - 6Q6. The goodness of God
Divine goodness as essential predicate of God's being
4,627 words - 7Q7. The infinity of God
Divine infinity as absolute, unlimited being
4,676 words - 8Q8. The existence of God in things
Divine immanence: the mode of God's presence within all created things
7,155 words - 9Q9. The immutability of God
Divine immutability as a perfection excluding all passive potency in God
3,288 words - 10Q10. The eternity of God
Divine eternity as the mode of God's being, outside and encompassing all temporal measure
9,489 words - 11Q11. The unity of God
Divine unity (unitas Dei) as a formal attribute of the one God, demonstrated against polytheism and multiplicity
6,010 words - 12Q12. How God is known by us
Creaturely knowledge of God: modes, limits, and conditions of divine cognition in finite intellects
18,634 words - 13Q13. The names of God
Divine naming: the semantics, limits, and analogical structure of names predicated of God
15,938 words - 14Q14. God's knowledge
Divine omniscience: the nature, scope, and mode of God's knowing
23,404 words - 15Q15. Ideas
Divine ideas as archetypes of created things subsisting in the divine intellect
5,051 words - 16Q16. Truth
Truth as objective conformity of intellect to reality, and God as the supreme truth
11,191 words - 17Q17. Falsity
The ontological and logical status of falsity as a mode of being and cognition
4,181 words - 18Q18. The life of God
Divine life as self-subsistent actuality within the Godhead
5,631 words - 19Q19. The will of God
The will of God: its freedom, necessity, and relation to divine goodness and creation
18,744 words - 20Q20. God's love
Divine love as an attribute of God's will directed toward the good
7,333 words - 21Q21. The justice and mercy of God
Divine justice and mercy as coextensive attributes of God's will toward creation
5,760 words - 22Q22. The providence of God
Divine providence as God's rational ordering of all things toward their ends
6,536 words - 23Q23. Predestination
Divine election, foreknowledge, and the ordering of rational creatures to eternal life
14,367 words - 24Q24. The book of life
Divine foreknowledge of the elect and the metaphysical status of the book of life in God's predestinating intellect
1,543 words - 25Q25. The power of God
Divine omnipotence: scope, limits, and the relation of God's power to possibility and actuality
10,345 words - 26Q26. The divine beatitude
Divine beatitude as the self-sufficient happiness proper to God's own nature
3,117 words - 27Q27. The procession of the divine persons
Immanent procession of the divine Persons within the Trinitarian Godhead
7,012 words - 28Q28. The divine relations
Real relations within the divine unity as constitutive of Trinitarian distinction
5,062 words - 29Q29. The divine persons
Scholastic definition of divine persons within the Trinitarian structure: personhood, relation, and subsistence in God
6,490 words - 30Q30. The plurality of persons in God
Trinitarian plurality of divine Persons within monotheistic unity
6,975 words - 31Q31. The unity or plurality in God
Trinitarian unity and plurality as structural problem in divine ontology
5,683 words - 32Q32. The knowledge of the divine persons
Limits and conditions of human knowledge of the Trinitarian divine persons
4,975 words - 33Q33. The person of the Father
Proper name, innascibility, and causal primacy of the First Person of the Trinity
5,544 words - 34Q34. The person of the Son
Divine personhood of the eternal Word as second person of the Trinity
6,358 words - 35Q35. The Image
The Son as Image of the Father — divine generation and the ontological status of the eternal Word as imago Dei
2,648 words - 36Q36. The person of the Holy Ghost
Personal identity and procession of the Holy Ghost within the Trinitarian Godhead
10,780 words - 37Q37. The name of the Holy Ghost—Love
The Holy Spirit named as Love: procession of the third Trinitarian Person as the mutual love of Father and Son
5,062 words - 38Q38. The name of the Holy Ghost, as Gift
The Holy Spirit denominated as Gift: the procession of love freely given as the ground of the Spirit's proper name
3,145 words - 39Q39. The persons in relation to the essence
Distinction and identity of divine persons relative to the one divine essence in Trinitarian theology
11,660 words - 40Q40. The persons as compared to the relations or properties
Distinction between divine persons and their subsistent relations as ontological categories in Trinitarian theology
6,238 words - 41Q41. The persons in reference to the notional acts
Trinitarian persons as defined through notional acts (generation and spiration) rather than essential divine attributes
10,977 words - 42Q42. Equality and likeness among the divine persons
Equality and likeness of the divine persons within the immanent Trinity
9,732 words - 43Q43. The mission of the divine persons
Trinitarian missions: procession-based sending of Son and Holy Spirit into creation and souls
11,804 words - 44Q44. The procession of creatures from God, and of the first cause of all things
Procession of all creatures from God as first and universal cause
5,697 words - 45Q45. The mode of emanation of things from the first principle
Emanation of creatures from the first principle — divine creation as procession rather than necessity
12,965 words - 46Q46. The beginning of the duration of creatures
Temporal origination of creatures: whether the world began in time or is eternal
9,043 words - 47Q47. The distinction of things in general
Ontological grounds and causes of plurality and distinction among created things
4,993 words - 48Q48. The distinction of things in particular
Ontological differentiation of particular beings within the created order, including the nature and role of evil
8,188 words - 49Q49. The cause of evil
The causal origin of evil and its relation to privation, deficiency, and created being
5,907 words - 50Q50. The substance of the angels absolutely considered
Substantial being of angels as purely immaterial, non-corporeal intelligences
8,055 words - 51Q51. The angels in comparison with bodies
Angelic nature relative to corporeality: whether angels assume, are united to, or are wholly independent of bodies
5,960 words - 52Q52. The angels in relation to place
Angelic relation to place: circumscriptive versus definitive presence
1,794 words - 53Q53. The local movement of the angels
Local movement of angels: mode, continuity, and discreteness of angelic locomotion
6,148 words - 54Q54. The knowledge of the angels
Angelic intellection: mode, object, and limits of angelic knowledge
5,115 words - 55Q55. The medium of the angelic knowledge
Species intelligibiles as the innate medium through which angels apprehend all intelligible reality without discursive reasoning
4,873 words - 56Q56. The angel's knowledge of immaterial things
Angelic cognition of immaterial substances through innate species rather than abstraction from sense-data
4,675 words - 57Q57. The angel's knowledge of material things
Angelic cognition of material and sensory reality through non-discursive, species-based intellection
8,957 words - 58Q58. The mode of angelic knowledge
Angelic intellection as species-knowledge without discursive movement
7,032 words - 59Q59. The will of the angels
Angelic will: its nature, freedom, and orientation in intellectual beings without sensory appetite
6,012 words - 60Q60. The love or dilection of the angels
Angelic love and dilection as the mode of will and appetite proper to purely spiritual beings
6,173 words - 61Q61. The production of the angels in the order of natural being
Ontological production of angelic beings within the natural order of creation
3,471 words - 62Q62. The perfection of the angels in the order of grace and of glory
Angelic perfection through grace and glory: the hierarchical completion of spiritual beings above the human order
11,210 words - 63Q63. The malice of the angels with regard to sin
Angelic fall: the nature, cause, and moral structure of sin in purely spiritual beings
13,156 words - 64Q64. The punishment of the demons
Punishment of demons after the fall — the nature, finality, and mode of diabolical retribution
6,680 words - 65Q65. The work of creation of corporeal creatures
Divine causality and the ordering of corporeal creatures within the work of creation
7,129 words - 66Q66. The order of creation towards distinction
Priority of formless matter versus the act of distinction in the hexameral order of creation
6,441 words - 67Q67. The work of distinction in itself
Ontological status and intrinsic character of the act of distinction (separatio lucis) in the first creation
6,025 words - 68Q68. The work of the second day
Division of the waters by the firmament on the second day of creation
3,210 words - 69Q69. The work of the third day
Separation of dry land from waters and emergence of vegetation on the third day of creation
4,844 words - 70Q70. The work of adornment, as regards the fourth day
Theological account of the fourth day's work: placement of luminaries as ornaments of the heavenly firmament
7,174 words - 71Q73. The things that belong to the seventh day
Divine rest on the seventh day: the completion and sanctification of creation
2,438 words - 72Q74. All the seven days in common
Theological synthesis of the seven days of creation considered as a unified sacred structure
2,230 words - 73Q75. Man who is composed of a spiritual and a corporeal substance: and in the first place, concerning what belongs to the essence of the soul
Essence of the soul as spiritual substance composing the human being in union with corporeal matter
11,605 words - 74Q76. The union of body and soul
Hylomorphic union of rational soul and body as constitutive of the human composite
14,282 words - 75Q77. The powers of the soul in general
The soul's powers considered as general capacities of the human being
12,909 words - 76Q78. The specific powers of the soul
Differentiation of the soul's internal powers: vegetative, sensitive, and rational faculties
7,648 words - 77Q79. The intellectual powers
The intellective powers of the soul: possible intellect, agent intellect, memory, and reason as distinct faculties
18,672 words - 78Q80. The appetitive powers in general
The appetitive powers as a distinct faculty of the soul, ordered toward sensed or apprehended good
1,388 words - 79Q81. The power of sensuality
The sensitive appetite (vis sensitiva) as a distinct power of the soul, its structural relation to reason and will, and its proper ordering within human nature
2,659 words - 80Q82. The will
The nature, power, and rational ordering of the human will
6,104 words - 81Q83. Free-will
The nature, ground, and limits of human free will as a faculty of rational self-determination
6,021 words - 82Q84. How the soul while united to the body understands corporeal things beneath it
The soul's mode of intellectual cognition of corporeal things while embodied, via abstraction from sensory phantasms
16,580 words - 83Q85. The mode and order of understanding
Abstraction of intelligible species from phantasms and the ordered ascent from sensory image to universal concept
13,360 words - 84Q86. What our intellect knows in material things
Scope and limits of intellectual cognition of material singulars, universals, and contingent particulars
4,359 words - 85Q87. How the intellectual soul knows itself and all within itself
Self-knowledge of the intellectual soul through reflexive intellection
6,391 words - 86Q88. How the human soul knows what is above itself
The soul's capacity for knowledge of realities superior to itself — angelic intellect, divine being, and the limits of natural cognitive ascent
6,540 words - 87Q89. The knowledge of the separated soul
Cognitive capacities and retained knowledge of the soul after separation from the body at death
8,208 words - 88Q90. The first production of man's soul
Divine creation of the rational soul as an immediate act of God, distinct from corporeal generation
4,353 words - 89Q91. The production of the first man's body
Divine formation of the first human body from material elements
5,283 words - 90Q92. The production of the woman
Theological account of woman's origination from man and her place in the order of creation
3,944 words - 91Q93. The end or term of the production of man
Man as image and likeness of God: the final cause and terminus of human production in the divine similitude
13,253 words - 92Q94. The state and condition of the first man as regards his intellect
Intellectual perfection of the first man in the state of original justice
3,145 words - 93Q95. Things pertaining to the first man's will—namely, grace and righteousness
Original grace, original righteousness, and the will-constitution of the first human being before the Fall
6,707 words - 94Q96. The mastership belonging to man in the state of innocence
Human dominion over animals and nature in the prelapsarian state of innocence
5,275 words - 95Q97. The preservation of the individual in the primitive state
Conditions for bodily incorruptibility and individual perseverance in the prelapsarian state
1,518 words - 96Q98. The preservation of the species
Continuation of species through reproduction as a natural teleological principle in the state of original justice
1,371 words - 97Q99. The condition of the offspring as to the body
Bodily constitution and physical perfection of human offspring in the state of original innocence
2,425 words - 98Q100. The condition of the offspring as regards righteousness
Transmission of original righteousness (or its absence) to offspring through generation
1,617 words - 99Q101. The condition of the offspring as regards knowledge
Epistemic condition of offspring in the state of original justice — native knowledge versus acquired knowledge in the unfallen human
1,938 words - 100Q102. Man's abode, which is paradise
Paradise as the original terrestrial abode of humanity and its theological conditions
4,783 words - 101Q103. The government of things in general
Divine governance of creation as unified providential ordering toward the good
9,182 words - 102Q104. The special effects of the divine government
Special effects of divine governance: conservation, motion, and immediate divine action in creation
7,009 words - 103Q105. The change of creatures by God
Divine causation as the direct and mediated change of creatures in the natural order
10,853 words - 104Q106. How one creature moves another
Transmission of motion or illumination between ontologically ordered beings (angelic or otherwise) through hierarchical mediation
6,003 words - 105Q107. The speech of the angels
Angelic communication and the speech of hierarchical beings
3,323 words - 106Q108. The angelic degrees of hierarchies and orders
Angelic hierarchies, their internal degrees, and the ordering of celestial offices
14,898 words - 107Q109. The ordering of the bad angels
Hierarchical ordering and internal governance among fallen angelic beings
3,955 words - 108Q110. How angels act on bodies
Angelic action on material and bodily reality through intermediate spiritual causation
6,174 words - 109Q111. The action of the angels on man
Angelic action upon the human being: modes, mediation, and effect on intellect, will, and sensory life
5,449 words - 110Q112. The mission of the angels
Angelic mission as providential mediation between divine hierarchy and individual human destiny
3,369 words - 111Q113. The guardianship of the good angels
Angelic guardianship of individual human souls by good angels
7,359 words - 112Q114. The assaults of the demons
Demonic assault upon rational and spiritual life — angelic guardianship as counter-force
1,869 words - 113Q115. The action of the corporeal creature
Causal action of corporeal creatures and the metaphysical status of bodily causation
8,369 words - 114Q116. Fate
Fate as providential ordering within the structure of divine governance
2,990 words - 115Q117. The action of man
Human action as expression of moral will, freedom, and causal agency
5,271 words - 116Q118. The production of man from man as to the soul
Transmission of the human soul through biological generation — whether the soul is propagated from parent to offspring or originates independently
7,206 words - 117Q119. The propagation of man as to the body
Bodily propagation in the human being as a function of the etheric body and its relation to original sin
4,539 words
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